Rendering of the source text

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" cmeta:id="butera_single_cell_1999" name="butera_single_cell_1999">
  
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
  <articleinfo>
  <title>Models of respiratory rhythm generation in the Pre-Botzinger complex. II. Populations of coupled pacemaker neurons</title>
  <author>
    <firstname>Catherine</firstname>
          <surname>Lloyd</surname>
    <affiliation>
      <shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland</shortaffil>
    </affiliation>
  </author>
</articleinfo>
  <section id="sec_status">
    <title>Model Status</title>
    <para>
        This CellML model represents a single neuron in a network of cells. This cell model is based on "model 1" published in a preceding paper (Butera et al. 1999) which is also described in CellML as a stand alone CellML 1.0 model. To model inter-cellular coupling a synaptic input current I<subscript>syn_e</subscript> has been added to the model.
</para>
  </section>
  <sect1 id="sec_structure">
  <title>Model Structure</title>

<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_reaction_diagram">
<mediaobject>
  <imageobject>
    <objectinfo>
      <title>model diagram</title>
    </objectinfo>
    <imagedata fileref="butera_1999.png"/>
  </imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>The single cell neuron model is based on a single-compartment Hodgkin-Huxley type formalism.  It is composed of five ionic currents across the plasma membrane: a fast sodium current, I<subscript>Na</subscript>; a delayed rectifier potassium current, I<subscript>K</subscript>; a persistent sodium current,  I<subscript>NaP</subscript>; a passive leakage current, I<subscript>L</subscript>; and a tonic current, I<subscript>tonic_e</subscript> In addition for the multicellular model a synaptic current (I<subscript>syn_e</subscript>) has been added to connect the cells in the network.</caption>
</informalfigure>

<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>

<para>
Models of respiratory rhythm generation in the Pre-Botzinger complex. II. Populations Of coupled pacemaker neurons, Butera RJ Jr, Rinzel J, Smith JC, 1999, <emphasis>Journal of Neurophysiology</emphasis>, 82, 398-415. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10400967">PubMed ID: 10400967</ulink>
</para>

</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>

      <cmeta:comment xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:parseType="Resource">
        <rdf:value>
          This CellML model describes the single cell (neuron) of the Butera et al. 1999 model.  This model is imported by the multicellular model 10 times.
        </rdf:value>
        <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" rdf:parseType="Resource">
          <vCard:FN xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
        </dc:creator>
      </cmeta:comment>
 
  
  <units name="millisecond">
    <unit prefix="milli" units="second"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="millivolt">
    <unit prefix="milli" units="volt"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="picoA">
    <unit prefix="nano" units="ampere"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="nanoS">
    <unit prefix="nano" units="siemens"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="picoF">
    <unit prefix="pico" units="farad"/>
  </units>
  
  
      <cmeta:comment xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:parseType="Resource">
        <rdf:value>
          In order to facilitate the import of this single cell model by the multicellular model the current model is encapsulated in a top component called "single_neuron_model".
        </rdf:value>
        <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" rdf:parseType="Resource">
          <vCard:FN xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
        </dc:creator>
      </cmeta:comment>

  <component cmeta:id="single_neuron_model" name="single_neuron_model">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/0P/PP-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="#single_neuron_model">
        <dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">single_neuron_model</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">top component which encapsulates the single neuron cell model</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable name="s" private_interface="in" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
    
	<variable name="sum_g_syn_e_s" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="nanoS"/>
  </component>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="single_neuron_model" component_2="synaptic_input"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="sum_g_syn_e_s" variable_2="sum_g_syn_e_s"/>
	<map_variables variable_1="s" variable_2="s"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <component name="environment">
    <variable name="time" public_interface="out" units="millisecond"/>
  </component>
  
  <component name="membrane">
    <variable initial_value="-50.0" name="V" public_interface="out" units="millivolt"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="21.0" name="C" units="picoF"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.0" name="i_app" units="picoA"/>
    
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
    <variable name="i_NaP" public_interface="in" units="picoA"/>
    <variable name="i_Na" public_interface="in" units="picoA"/>
    <variable name="i_K" public_interface="in" units="picoA"/>
    <variable name="i_L" public_interface="in" units="picoA"/>
    <variable name="i_tonic_e" public_interface="in" units="picoA"/>
	<variable name="i_syn_e" public_interface="in" units="picoA"/>
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="membrane_voltage_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> V </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <ci> i_NaP </ci>
                <ci> i_Na </ci>
                <ci> i_K </ci>
                <ci> i_L </ci>
                <ci> i_tonic_e </ci>
				<ci> i_syn_e </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <ci> i_app </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> C </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="fast_sodium_current">
    <variable name="i_Na" public_interface="out" units="picoA"/>
    <variable initial_value="50.0" name="E_Na" public_interface="out" units="millivolt"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="28.0" name="g_Na" units="nanoS"/>   
   
    <variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
    <variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
    
    <variable name="m_infinity" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable name="n" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_Na_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Na </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Na </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <ci> m_infinity </ci>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <ci> n </ci>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_Na </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="fast_sodium_current_m_gate">
    <variable name="m_infinity" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="-34.0" name="theta_m" units="millivolt"/>
    <variable initial_value="-5.0" name="sigma_m" units="millivolt"/>
     
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="fast_sodium_current_m_gate_m_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> m_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <ci> theta_m </ci>
                </apply>
                <ci> sigma_m </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>    
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="fast_sodium_current_n_gate">
    <variable initial_value="0.01" name="n" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <variable name="n_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable name="tau_n" units="millisecond"/>
    <variable initial_value="10.0" name="tau_n_max" units="millisecond"/>
    <variable initial_value="-29.0" name="theta_n" units="millivolt"/>
    <variable initial_value="-4.0" name="sigma_n" units="millivolt"/>
     
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="fast_sodium_current_n_gate_n_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> n </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> n_infinity </ci>
            <ci> n </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_n </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="fast_sodium_current_n_gate_n_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> n_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <ci> theta_n </ci>
                </apply>
                <ci> sigma_n </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>    
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="fast_sodium_current_n_gate_tau_n_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_n </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci> tau_n_max </ci>
          <apply>
            <cosh/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <ci> V </ci>
                <ci> theta_n </ci>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                <ci> sigma_n </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="potassium_current">
    <variable name="i_K" public_interface="out" units="picoA"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="11.2" name="g_K" units="nanoS"/>   
    <variable initial_value="-85.0" name="E_K" units="millivolt"/>
    
    <variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
    <variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
    
    <variable name="n" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_K_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_K </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_K </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <ci> n </ci>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_K </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="potassium_current_n_gate">
    <variable initial_value="0.01" name="n" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <variable name="n_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable name="tau_n" units="millisecond"/>
    <variable initial_value="10.0" name="tau_n_max" units="millisecond"/>
    <variable initial_value="-29.0" name="theta_n" units="millivolt"/>
    <variable initial_value="-4.0" name="sigma_n" units="millivolt"/>
     
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="potassium_current_n_gate_n_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> n </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> n_infinity </ci>
            <ci> n </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_n </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="potassium_current_n_gate_n_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> n_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <ci> theta_n </ci>
                </apply>
                <ci> sigma_n </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>    
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="potassium_current_n_gate_tau_n_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_n </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci> tau_n_max </ci>
          <apply>
            <cosh/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <ci> V </ci>
                <ci> theta_n </ci>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                <ci> sigma_n </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="persistent_sodium_current">
    <variable name="i_NaP" public_interface="out" units="picoA"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="2.8" name="g_NaP" units="nanoS"/>   
   
    <variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
    <variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
    <variable name="E_Na" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>         
    
    <variable name="m_infinity" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable name="h" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_NaP_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_NaP </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_NaP </ci>
          <ci> m_infinity </ci>
          <ci> h </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_Na </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="persistent_sodium_current_m_gate">
    <variable name="m_infinity" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="-40.0" name="theta_m" units="millivolt"/>
    <variable initial_value="-6.0" name="sigma_m" units="millivolt"/>
     
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="persistent_sodium_current_m_gate_m_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> m_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <ci> theta_m </ci>
                </apply>
                <ci> sigma_m </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>    
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="persistent_sodium_current_h_gate">
    <variable initial_value="0.46" name="h" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <variable name="h_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable name="tau_h" units="millisecond"/>
    <variable initial_value="10000.0" name="tau_h_max" units="millisecond"/>
    <variable initial_value="-48.0" name="theta_h" units="millivolt"/>
    <variable initial_value="6.0" name="sigma_h" units="millivolt"/>
     
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="h_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> h </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> h_infinity </ci>
            <ci> h </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_h </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="h_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> h_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <ci> theta_h </ci>
                </apply>
                <ci> sigma_h </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>    
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="tau_h_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_h </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci> tau_h_max </ci>
          <apply>
            <cosh/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <ci> V </ci>
                <ci> theta_h </ci>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                <ci> sigma_h </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="leakage_current">
    <variable name="i_L" public_interface="out" units="picoA"/>
     
    <variable initial_value="2.8" name="g_L" units="nanoS"/>
    <variable initial_value="-57.5" name="E_L" units="millivolt"/> 
    
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_L_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_L </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_L </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_L </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="tonic_current">
    <variable name="i_tonic_e" public_interface="out" units="picoA"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.0" name="E_syn_e" public_interface="out" units="millivolt"/> 
     
    <variable initial_value="0.0" name="g_tonic_e" units="nanoS"/>
    
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_tonic_e_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_tonic_e </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_tonic_e </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_syn_e </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="synaptic_input">
    <variable name="i_syn_e" public_interface="out" units="picoA"/>
    <variable initial_value="1" name="s" private_interface="out" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
	
	<variable name="s_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
	<variable initial_value="1.0" name="kr" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable initial_value="5.0" name="tau_s" units="millisecond"/>
    <variable initial_value="-5.0" name="sigma_s" units="millivolt"/>
	<variable initial_value="-10.0" name="theta_s" units="millivolt"/>
	
    <variable name="E_syn_e" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/> 
	<variable name="sum_g_syn_e_s" public_interface="in" units="nanoS"/>
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><apply id="i_syn_e_calculation"><eq/><ci>i_syn_e</ci><apply><times/><ci>sum_g_syn_e_s</ci><apply><minus/><ci>V</ci><ci>E_syn_e</ci></apply></apply></apply><apply id="s_infinity_calculation"><eq/><ci>s_infinity</ci><apply><divide/><cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn><apply><plus/><cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn><apply><exp/><apply><divide/><apply><minus/><ci>V</ci><ci>theta_s</ci></apply><ci>sigma_s</ci></apply></apply></apply></apply></apply><apply id="s_calculation"><eq/><apply><diff/><bvar><ci>time</ci></bvar><ci>s</ci></apply><apply><divide/><apply><minus/><apply><times/><apply><minus/><cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn><ci>s</ci></apply><ci>s_infinity</ci></apply><apply><minus/><apply><times/><ci>kr</ci><ci>s</ci></apply></apply></apply><ci>tau_s</ci></apply></apply></math>
  <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/></component>
  <component cmeta:id="synaptic_coupling" name="synaptic_coupling">
    <variable name="sum_g_syn_e_s" public_interface="out" units="nanoS"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.10" name="g_syn_e_1_2" units="nanoS"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.10" name="g_syn_e_1_3" units="nanoS"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.10" name="g_syn_e_1_4" units="nanoS"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.10" name="g_syn_e_1_5" units="nanoS"/>
    <variable name="s1" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
        <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>sum_g_syn_e_s</ci>
            <apply>
                <plus/>
                <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <ci>g_syn_e_1_2</ci>
                    <ci>s1</ci>
                </apply>
                <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <ci>g_syn_e_1_3</ci>
                    <ci>s1</ci>
                </apply>
                <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <ci>g_syn_e_1_4</ci>
                    <ci>s1</ci>
                </apply>
                <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <ci>g_syn_e_1_5</ci>
                    <ci>s1</ci>
                </apply>
            </apply>
        </apply>
    </math>

  </component>

  <group>
    <relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
      <component_ref component="single_neuron_model">
	    <component_ref component="environment"/>
		<component_ref component="membrane"/>
	    <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
          <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
          <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_n_gate"/>
        </component_ref>
        <component_ref component="potassium_current">
          <component_ref component="potassium_current_n_gate"/>
        </component_ref>
        <component_ref component="persistent_sodium_current">
          <component_ref component="persistent_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
          <component_ref component="persistent_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
        </component_ref>
		<component_ref component="leakage_current"/>
		<component_ref component="tonic_current"/>
		<component_ref component="synaptic_input"/>
	  </component_ref> 
  </group>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="persistent_sodium_current" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_Na" variable_2="i_Na"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="potassium_current" component_2="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_K" variable_2="i_K"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="persistent_sodium_current" component_2="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_NaP" variable_2="i_NaP"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="leakage_current" component_2="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_L" variable_2="i_L"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="tonic_current" component_2="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_tonic_e" variable_2="i_tonic_e"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="synaptic_input" component_2="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_syn_e" variable_2="i_syn_e"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="synaptic_input" component_2="tonic_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="E_syn_e" variable_2="E_syn_e"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="persistent_sodium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="E_Na" variable_2="E_Na"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="m_infinity" variable_2="m_infinity"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_n_gate"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="n" variable_2="n"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="potassium_current" component_2="potassium_current_n_gate"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="n" variable_2="n"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="persistent_sodium_current" component_2="persistent_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="m_infinity" variable_2="m_infinity"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="persistent_sodium_current" component_2="persistent_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="h" variable_2="h"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="single_neuron_model" component_2="synaptic_coupling"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="s" variable_2="s1"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="sum_g_syn_e_s" variable_2="sum_g_syn_e_s"/>
  </connection>  
  
  <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
    
	<rdf:Description rdf:about="">
      <dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">Models of Respiratory Rhythm Generation in the Pre-Botzinger Complex. II. Populations of Coupled Pacemaker Neurons: Single Cell Model</dc:title>
	  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" rdf:parseType="Resource">
        <vCard:N xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:parseType="Resource">
          <vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
          <vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
		  <vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
        </vCard:N>
        <vCard:EMAIL xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:parseType="Resource">
          <rdf:value>c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value>
          <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/>
        </vCard:EMAIL>
        <vCard:ORG xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:parseType="Resource">
          <vCard:Orgname>The University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
          <vCard:Orgunit>Auckland Bioengineering Institute</vCard:Orgunit>
        </vCard:ORG>
      </dc:creator>
    </rdf:Description>
    
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#butera_single_cell_1999">
      <bqs:reference xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" rdf:parseType="Resource">
        <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" rdf:parseType="Resource">
          <bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type>
          <rdf:value>
            <rdf:Bag>
              <rdf:li>pacemaker</rdf:li>
              <rdf:li>network</rdf:li>
              <rdf:li>neuron</rdf:li>
              <rdf:li>neurobiology</rdf:li>
            </rdf:Bag>
          </rdf:value>
        </dc:subject>
      </bqs:reference>

      <bqs:reference xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" rdf:parseType="Resource">
        <bqs:Pubmed_id>10400967</bqs:Pubmed_id>
        <bqs:JournalArticle rdf:parseType="Resource">
          <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
            <rdf:Seq>
              <rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
                <bqs:Person rdf:parseType="Resource">
                  <vCard:N xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:parseType="Resource">
                    <vCard:Family>Butera</vCard:Family>
                    <vCard:Given>Robert</vCard:Given>
					<vCard:Other>J</vCard:Other>
                  </vCard:N>
                </bqs:Person>
              </rdf:li>
              <rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
                <bqs:Person rdf:parseType="Resource">
                  <vCard:N xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:parseType="Resource">
                    <vCard:Family>Rinzel</vCard:Family>
                    <vCard:Given>John</vCard:Given>
				  </vCard:N>
                </bqs:Person>
              </rdf:li>
			  <rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
                <bqs:Person rdf:parseType="Resource">
                  <vCard:N xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:parseType="Resource">
                    <vCard:Given>Jeffrey</vCard:Given>
                    <vCard:Family>Smith</vCard:Family>
                    <vCard:Other>C</vCard:Other>
				  </vCard:N>
                </bqs:Person>
              </rdf:li>
            </rdf:Seq>
          </dc:creator>
          <dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
            Models of Respiratory Rhythm Generation in the Pre-Botzinger Complex. II. Populations of Coupled Pacemaker Neurons
          </dc:title>
          <dcterms:issued xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" rdf:parseType="Resource">
            <dcterms:W3CDTF>1999-07</dcterms:W3CDTF>
          </dcterms:issued>
          <bqs:Journal rdf:parseType="Resource">
            <dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">Journal of Neurophysiology</dc:title>
          </bqs:Journal>
		  <bqs:volume>82</bqs:volume>
          <bqs:first_page>398</bqs:first_page>
          <bqs:last_page>415</bqs:last_page>
        </bqs:JournalArticle>
      </bqs:reference>
    </rdf:Description>
  </rdf:RDF>
<connection><map_components component_1="environment" component_2="synaptic_input"/><map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/></connection></model>