function [VOI, STATES, ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS] = mainFunction() % This is the "main function". In Matlab, things work best if you rename this function to match the filename. [VOI, STATES, ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS] = solveModel(); end function [algebraicVariableCount] = getAlgebraicVariableCount() % Used later when setting a global variable with the number of algebraic variables. % Note: This is not the "main method". algebraicVariableCount =41; end % There are a total of 27 entries in each of the rate and state variable arrays. % There are a total of 65 entries in the constant variable array. % function [VOI, STATES, ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS] = solveModel() % Create ALGEBRAIC of correct size global algebraicVariableCount; algebraicVariableCount = getAlgebraicVariableCount(); % Initialise constants and state variables [INIT_STATES, CONSTANTS] = initConsts; % Set timespan to solve over tspan = [0, 10]; % Set numerical accuracy options for ODE solver options = odeset('RelTol', 1e-06, 'AbsTol', 1e-06, 'MaxStep', 1); % Solve model with ODE solver [VOI, STATES] = ode15s(@(VOI, STATES)computeRates(VOI, STATES, CONSTANTS), tspan, INIT_STATES, options); % Compute algebraic variables [RATES, ALGEBRAIC] = computeRates(VOI, STATES, CONSTANTS); ALGEBRAIC = computeAlgebraic(ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS, STATES, VOI); % Plot state variables against variable of integration [LEGEND_STATES, LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC, LEGEND_VOI, LEGEND_CONSTANTS] = createLegends(); figure(); plot(VOI, STATES); xlabel(LEGEND_VOI); l = legend(LEGEND_STATES); set(l,'Interpreter','none'); end function [LEGEND_STATES, LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC, LEGEND_VOI, LEGEND_CONSTANTS] = createLegends() LEGEND_STATES = ''; LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC = ''; LEGEND_VOI = ''; LEGEND_CONSTANTS = ''; LEGEND_VOI = strpad('time in component Environment (second)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,1) = strpad('RT in component fixed_parameters (kilojoule_per_mole)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,2) = strpad('F in component fixed_parameters (kilojoule_per_mole_per_millivolt)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,3) = strpad('dG_C1o in component fixed_parameters (kilojoule_per_mole)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,4) = strpad('dG_C3o in component fixed_parameters (kilojoule_per_mole)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,5) = strpad('dG_C4o in component fixed_parameters (kilojoule_per_mole)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,4) = strpad('dG_C1op in component fixed_parameters (kilojoule_per_mole)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,7) = strpad('dG_C3op in component fixed_parameters (kilojoule_per_mole)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,8) = strpad('dG_C4op in component fixed_parameters (kilojoule_per_mole)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,6) = strpad('dG_F1o in component fixed_parameters (kilojoule_per_mole)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,1) = strpad('dG_H in component fixed_parameters (kilojoule_per_mole)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,7) = strpad('k_dHPI in component fixed_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,8) = strpad('k_dHatp in component fixed_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,9) = strpad('k_dHadp in component fixed_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,10) = strpad('K_DT in component fixed_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,11) = strpad('K_DD in component fixed_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,12) = strpad('K_AK in component fixed_parameters (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,13) = strpad('K_CK in component fixed_parameters (per_molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,14) = strpad('W_c in component fixed_parameters (l_water_per_l_cyto)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,15) = strpad('W_x in component fixed_parameters (l_water_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,16) = strpad('W_i in component fixed_parameters (l_water_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,17) = strpad('V_cyto in component fixed_parameters (cyto_per_cell)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,18) = strpad('V_mito in component fixed_parameters (mito_per_cell)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,62) = strpad('Rm_cyto in component fixed_parameters (mito_per_cyto)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,59) = strpad('Rm_cell in component fixed_parameters (mito_per_cell)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,64) = strpad('Rc_cell in component fixed_parameters (cyto_per_cell)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,19) = strpad('n_A in component fixed_parameters (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,20) = strpad('C_tot in component fixed_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,21) = strpad('CR_tot in component fixed_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,22) = strpad('Q_tot in component fixed_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,23) = strpad('NAD_tot in component fixed_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,24) = strpad('pH_C in component fixed_parameters (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,60) = strpad('H_c in component fixed_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,25) = strpad('K_c in component fixed_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,26) = strpad('ATP_c in component fixed_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,27) = strpad('AMP_c in component fixed_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,63) = strpad('H_i in component fixed_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,61) = strpad('K_i in component fixed_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,1) = strpad('H_x in component dH_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,2) = strpad('deltaPsi in component ddeltaPsi_dt (millivolt)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,28) = strpad('k_PI1 in component adjustable_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,29) = strpad('k_PI2 in component adjustable_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,30) = strpad('k_PI3 in component adjustable_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,31) = strpad('k_PI4 in component adjustable_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,32) = strpad('k_PIH in component adjustable_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,33) = strpad('r in component adjustable_parameters (dimensionless)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,34) = strpad('X_DH in component adjustable_parameters (mole_per_second_per_l_mito_per_molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,35) = strpad('X_C1 in component adjustable_parameters (mole_per_second_per_l_mito_per_molar_per_molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,36) = strpad('X_C3 in component adjustable_parameters (mole_per_second_per_l_mito_per_molar_per_half_molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,37) = strpad('X_C4 in component adjustable_parameters (mole_per_second_per_l_mito_per_molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,38) = strpad('X_F1 in component adjustable_parameters (mole_per_second_per_l_mito_per_molar_per_molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,39) = strpad('X_ANT in component adjustable_parameters (mole_per_second_per_l_mito_per_molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,40) = strpad('X_PI1 in component adjustable_parameters (mole_per_second_per_l_mito_per_molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,41) = strpad('X_KH in component adjustable_parameters (mole_per_second_per_l_mito_per_molar_per_molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,42) = strpad('X_Hle in component adjustable_parameters (mole_per_second_per_l_mito_per_molar_per_millivolt)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,43) = strpad('X_K in component adjustable_parameters (mole_per_second_per_l_mito_per_molar_per_millivolt)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,44) = strpad('k_mADP in component adjustable_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,45) = strpad('X_AK in component adjustable_parameters (mole_per_second_per_l_mito_per_molar_per_molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,46) = strpad('X_CK in component adjustable_parameters (mole_per_second_per_l_mito_per_molar_per_molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,47) = strpad('X_MgA in component adjustable_parameters (mole_per_second_per_l_mito_per_molar_per_molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,48) = strpad('k_O2 in component adjustable_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,49) = strpad('beta in component adjustable_parameters (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,50) = strpad('C_IM in component adjustable_parameters (mole_per_l_mito_per_millivolt)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,51) = strpad('X_A in component adjustable_parameters (micron_per_second)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,52) = strpad('X_PI2 in component adjustable_parameters (micron_per_second)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,53) = strpad('gamma in component adjustable_parameters (per_micron)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,9) = strpad('NAD_x in component dNAD_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,3) = strpad('NADH_x in component dNADH_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,10) = strpad('QH2_x in component dQH2_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,4) = strpad('Q_x in component dQ_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,11) = strpad('Cred_x in component dCred_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,5) = strpad('Cox_x in component dCox_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,12) = strpad('ATP_fx in component dATP_fx_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,6) = strpad('ATP_x in component dATP_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,7) = strpad('ATP_mx in component dATP_mx_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,13) = strpad('ADP_fx in component dADP_fx_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,8) = strpad('ADP_x in component dADP_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,9) = strpad('ADP_mx in component dADP_mx_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,20) = strpad('J_DH in component J_DH (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,22) = strpad('J_C1 in component J_C1 (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,23) = strpad('J_C3 in component J_C3 (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,24) = strpad('J_C4 in component J_C4 (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,25) = strpad('J_F1 in component J_F1 (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,33) = strpad('J_PI1 in component J_PI1 (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,39) = strpad('J_KH in component J_KH (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,35) = strpad('J_Hle in component J_Hle (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,10) = strpad('K_x in component dK_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,41) = strpad('J_K in component J_K (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,11) = strpad('Mg_x in component dMg_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,15) = strpad('J_MgATP_x in component J_MgATP_x (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,17) = strpad('J_MgADP_x in component J_MgADP_x (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,28) = strpad('J_ANT in component J_ANT (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,12) = strpad('PI_x in component dPI_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,14) = strpad('ATP_fi in component dATP_fi_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,13) = strpad('ATP_i in component dATP_i_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,14) = strpad('ATP_mi in component dATP_mi_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,16) = strpad('ADP_fi in component dADP_fi_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,15) = strpad('ADP_i in component dADP_i_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,16) = strpad('ADP_mi in component dADP_mi_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,34) = strpad('J_ATP in component J_ATP (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,36) = strpad('J_AKi in component J_AKi (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,32) = strpad('J_ADP in component J_ADP (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,17) = strpad('AMP_i in component dAMP_i_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,30) = strpad('J_AMP in component J_AMP (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,19) = strpad('J_MgATP_i in component J_MgATP_i (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,21) = strpad('J_MgADP_i in component J_MgADP_i (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,18) = strpad('PI_i in component dPI_i_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,37) = strpad('J_PI2 in component J_PI2 (mole_per_second_per_l_mito)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,19) = strpad('Mg_i in component dMg_i_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,20) = strpad('ATP_c in component dATP_c_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,38) = strpad('J_AKc in component J_AKc (mole_per_second_per_l_cyto)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,65) = strpad('J_AtC in component J_AtC (mole_per_second_per_l_cell)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,40) = strpad('J_CKc in component J_CKc (mole_per_second_per_l_cyto)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,21) = strpad('ADP_c in component dADP_c_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,22) = strpad('AMP_c in component dAMP_c_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,23) = strpad('ATP_mc in component dATP_mc_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,5) = strpad('J_MgATP_c in component J_MgATP_c (mole_per_second_per_l_cyto)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,24) = strpad('ADP_mc in component dADP_mc_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,6) = strpad('J_MgADP_c in component J_MgADP_c (mole_per_second_per_l_cyto)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,25) = strpad('PI_c in component dPI_c_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,26) = strpad('Mg_c in component dMg_c_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_STATES(:,27) = strpad('PCr_c in component dPCr_c_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,2) = strpad('ATP_fc in component dATP_fc_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,3) = strpad('ADP_fc in component dADP_fc_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,18) = strpad('Cr_c in component dCr_c_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,54) = strpad('O2_x in component J_C4 (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,55) = strpad('mincon in component J_ANT (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,26) = strpad('Psi_x in component J_ANT (millivolt)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,27) = strpad('Psi_i in component J_ANT (millivolt)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,29) = strpad('H2PIi in component J_PI1 (molar)'); LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,31) = strpad('H2PIx in component J_PI1 (molar)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,56) = strpad('mincond in component J_Hle (millivolt)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,57) = strpad('mincond in component J_K (millivolt)'); LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,58) = strpad('X_AtC in component J_AtC (mole_per_second_per_l_cell)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,1) = strpad('d/dt H_x in component dH_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,10) = strpad('d/dt K_x in component dK_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,11) = strpad('d/dt Mg_x in component dMg_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,3) = strpad('d/dt NADH_x in component dNADH_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,4) = strpad('d/dt Q_x in component dQ_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,5) = strpad('d/dt Cox_x in component dCox_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,6) = strpad('d/dt ATP_x in component dATP_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,8) = strpad('d/dt ADP_x in component dADP_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,7) = strpad('d/dt ATP_mx in component dATP_mx_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,9) = strpad('d/dt ADP_mx in component dADP_mx_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,12) = strpad('d/dt PI_x in component dPI_x_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,13) = strpad('d/dt ATP_i in component dATP_i_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,15) = strpad('d/dt ADP_i in component dADP_i_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,17) = strpad('d/dt AMP_i in component dAMP_i_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,14) = strpad('d/dt ATP_mi in component dATP_mi_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,16) = strpad('d/dt ADP_mi in component dADP_mi_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,18) = strpad('d/dt PI_i in component dPI_i_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,19) = strpad('d/dt Mg_i in component dMg_i_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,20) = strpad('d/dt ATP_c in component dATP_c_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,21) = strpad('d/dt ADP_c in component dADP_c_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,22) = strpad('d/dt AMP_c in component dAMP_c_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,23) = strpad('d/dt ATP_mc in component dATP_mc_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,24) = strpad('d/dt ADP_mc in component dADP_mc_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,25) = strpad('d/dt PI_c in component dPI_c_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,26) = strpad('d/dt Mg_c in component dMg_c_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,27) = strpad('d/dt PCr_c in component dPCr_c_dt (molar)'); LEGEND_RATES(:,2) = strpad('d/dt deltaPsi in component ddeltaPsi_dt (millivolt)'); LEGEND_STATES = LEGEND_STATES'; LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC = LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC'; LEGEND_RATES = LEGEND_RATES'; LEGEND_CONSTANTS = LEGEND_CONSTANTS'; end function [STATES, CONSTANTS] = initConsts() VOI = 0; CONSTANTS = []; STATES = []; ALGEBRAIC = []; CONSTANTS(:,1) = 2.5775; CONSTANTS(:,2) = 0.096484; CONSTANTS(:,3) = -69.37; CONSTANTS(:,4) = -32.53; CONSTANTS(:,5) = -122.94; CONSTANTS(:,6) = 36.03; CONSTANTS(:,7) = 1.7782754100389227e-7; CONSTANTS(:,8) = 3.311311214825911e-7; CONSTANTS(:,9) = 5.128613839913649e-7; CONSTANTS(:,10) = 24e-6; CONSTANTS(:,11) = 347e-6; CONSTANTS(:,12) = 0.4331; CONSTANTS(:,13) = 1.66e9; CONSTANTS(:,14) = 0.8425; CONSTANTS(:,15) = 0.6514; CONSTANTS(:,16) = 0.0724; CONSTANTS(:,17) = 0.894; CONSTANTS(:,18) = 0.056; CONSTANTS(:,19) = 3; CONSTANTS(:,20) = 2.7e-3; CONSTANTS(:,21) = 42.7e-3; CONSTANTS(:,22) = 1.35e-3; CONSTANTS(:,23) = 2.97e-3; CONSTANTS(:,24) = 7; CONSTANTS(:,25) = 0.15; CONSTANTS(:,26) = 0; CONSTANTS(:,27) = 0; STATES(:,1) = 1e-7; STATES(:,2) = 166.67; CONSTANTS(:,28) = 0.1553e-3; CONSTANTS(:,29) = 0.8222e-3; CONSTANTS(:,30) = 0.3601e-3; CONSTANTS(:,31) = 5.924e-3; CONSTANTS(:,32) = 2.542e-4; CONSTANTS(:,33) = 4.599; CONSTANTS(:,34) = 0.0866; CONSTANTS(:,35) = 4.405e3; CONSTANTS(:,36) = 4.887; CONSTANTS(:,37) = 6.766e-5; CONSTANTS(:,38) = 1e3; CONSTANTS(:,39) = 8.123e-3; CONSTANTS(:,40) = 3.85e5; CONSTANTS(:,41) = 5.651e7; CONSTANTS(:,42) = 200; CONSTANTS(:,43) = 0; CONSTANTS(:,44) = 3.5e-6; CONSTANTS(:,45) = 1e7; CONSTANTS(:,46) = 1e7; CONSTANTS(:,47) = 1e7; CONSTANTS(:,48) = 1.2e-4; CONSTANTS(:,49) = 0.01; CONSTANTS(:,50) = 6.75e-6; CONSTANTS(:,51) = 85; CONSTANTS(:,52) = 327; CONSTANTS(:,53) = 5.99; STATES(:,3) = 0.0015723; STATES(:,4) = 6.75e-4; STATES(:,5) = 1.35e-3; STATES(:,6) = 0.0026657; STATES(:,7) = 0.0026046; STATES(:,8) = 0.0073343; STATES(:,9) = 0.0054765; STATES(:,10) = 0.14661; STATES(:,11) = 1.0229e-3; STATES(:,12) = 1.72e-4; STATES(:,13) = 0.0065339; STATES(:,14) = 0.0063812; STATES(:,15) = 6.5773e-5; STATES(:,16) = 4.8866e-5; STATES(:,17) = 2.8837e-7; STATES(:,18) = 1.72e-4; STATES(:,19) = 0.0010029; STATES(:,20) = 0.0081312; STATES(:,21) = 6.85e-5; STATES(:,22) = 3.0911e-7; STATES(:,23) = 0.0079786; STATES(:,24) = 5.1958e-5; STATES(:,25) = 8.7702e-3; STATES(:,26) = 0.001003; STATES(:,27) = 23.589e-3; CONSTANTS(:,54) = 0; CONSTANTS(:,55) = 1e-9; CONSTANTS(:,56) = 1e-6; CONSTANTS(:,57) = 1e-6; CONSTANTS(:,58) = 0; CONSTANTS(:,59) = CONSTANTS(:,18); CONSTANTS(:,60) = 1.00000.*power(10.0000, - CONSTANTS(:,24)); CONSTANTS(:,61) = CONSTANTS(:,25); CONSTANTS(:,62) = CONSTANTS(:,18)./CONSTANTS(:,17); CONSTANTS(:,63) = CONSTANTS(:,60); CONSTANTS(:,64) = CONSTANTS(:,17); CONSTANTS(:,65) = CONSTANTS(:,58); if (isempty(STATES)), warning('Initial values for states not set');, end end function [RATES, ALGEBRAIC] = computeRates(VOI, STATES, CONSTANTS) global algebraicVariableCount; statesSize = size(STATES); statesColumnCount = statesSize(2); if ( statesColumnCount == 1) STATES = STATES'; ALGEBRAIC = zeros(1, algebraicVariableCount); utilOnes = 1; else statesRowCount = statesSize(1); ALGEBRAIC = zeros(statesRowCount, algebraicVariableCount); RATES = zeros(statesRowCount, statesColumnCount); utilOnes = ones(statesRowCount, 1); end ALGEBRAIC(:,2) = STATES(:,20) - STATES(:,23); ALGEBRAIC(:,5) = CONSTANTS(:,47).*( ALGEBRAIC(:,2).*STATES(:,26) - CONSTANTS(:,10).*STATES(:,23)); RATES(:,23) = ALGEBRAIC(:,5)./CONSTANTS(:,14); ALGEBRAIC(:,3) = STATES(:,21) - STATES(:,24); ALGEBRAIC(:,6) = CONSTANTS(:,47).*( ALGEBRAIC(:,3).*STATES(:,26) - CONSTANTS(:,11).*STATES(:,24)); RATES(:,24) = ALGEBRAIC(:,6)./CONSTANTS(:,14); RATES(:,26) = ( - ALGEBRAIC(:,5) - ALGEBRAIC(:,5))./CONSTANTS(:,14); ALGEBRAIC(:,12) = STATES(:,6) - STATES(:,7); ALGEBRAIC(:,15) = CONSTANTS(:,47).*( ALGEBRAIC(:,12).*STATES(:,11) - CONSTANTS(:,10).*STATES(:,7)); RATES(:,7) = ALGEBRAIC(:,15)./CONSTANTS(:,15); ALGEBRAIC(:,13) = STATES(:,8) - STATES(:,9); ALGEBRAIC(:,17) = CONSTANTS(:,47).*( ALGEBRAIC(:,13).*STATES(:,11) - CONSTANTS(:,11).*STATES(:,9)); RATES(:,11) = ( - ALGEBRAIC(:,17) - ALGEBRAIC(:,15))./CONSTANTS(:,15); RATES(:,9) = ALGEBRAIC(:,17)./CONSTANTS(:,15); ALGEBRAIC(:,14) = STATES(:,13) - STATES(:,14); ALGEBRAIC(:,19) = CONSTANTS(:,47).*( ALGEBRAIC(:,14).*STATES(:,19) - CONSTANTS(:,10).*STATES(:,14)); RATES(:,14) = ALGEBRAIC(:,19)./CONSTANTS(:,16); ALGEBRAIC(:,16) = STATES(:,15) - STATES(:,16); ALGEBRAIC(:,21) = CONSTANTS(:,47).*( ALGEBRAIC(:,16).*STATES(:,19) - CONSTANTS(:,11).*STATES(:,16)); RATES(:,16) = ALGEBRAIC(:,21)./CONSTANTS(:,16); RATES(:,19) = ( - ALGEBRAIC(:,21) - ALGEBRAIC(:,19))./CONSTANTS(:,16); ALGEBRAIC(:,9) = CONSTANTS(:,23) - STATES(:,3); ALGEBRAIC(:,20) = ( CONSTANTS(:,34).*( CONSTANTS(:,33).*ALGEBRAIC(:,9) - STATES(:,3)).*(1.00000+STATES(:,12)./CONSTANTS(:,28)))./(1.00000+STATES(:,12)./CONSTANTS(:,29)); ALGEBRAIC(:,4) = CONSTANTS(:,3) - 1.00000.*CONSTANTS(:,1).*arbitrary_log( (STATES(:,1)./1.00000).*power(10.0000, 7.00000), 10); ALGEBRAIC(:,1) = CONSTANTS(:,2).*STATES(:,2)+ CONSTANTS(:,1).*arbitrary_log(CONSTANTS(:,63)./STATES(:,1), 10); ALGEBRAIC(:,10) = CONSTANTS(:,22) - STATES(:,4); ALGEBRAIC(:,22) = CONSTANTS(:,35).*( exp( - (ALGEBRAIC(:,4)+ 4.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,1))./CONSTANTS(:,1)).*STATES(:,3).*STATES(:,4) - ALGEBRAIC(:,9).*ALGEBRAIC(:,10)); RATES(:,3) = (ALGEBRAIC(:,20) - ALGEBRAIC(:,22))./CONSTANTS(:,15); ALGEBRAIC(:,7) = CONSTANTS(:,4)+ 2.00000.*CONSTANTS(:,1).*arbitrary_log( (STATES(:,1)./1.00000).*power(10.0000, 7.00000), 10); ALGEBRAIC(:,11) = CONSTANTS(:,20) - STATES(:,5); ALGEBRAIC(:,23) = (( CONSTANTS(:,36).*(1.00000+STATES(:,12)./CONSTANTS(:,30)))./(1.00000+STATES(:,12)./CONSTANTS(:,31))).*( exp( - ((ALGEBRAIC(:,7)+ 4.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,1)) - 2.00000.*CONSTANTS(:,2).*STATES(:,2))./( 2.00000.*CONSTANTS(:,1))).*STATES(:,5).*power(ALGEBRAIC(:,10), 1.0 ./ 2) - ALGEBRAIC(:,11).*power(STATES(:,4), 1.0 ./ 2)); RATES(:,4) = (ALGEBRAIC(:,22) - ALGEBRAIC(:,23))./CONSTANTS(:,15); ALGEBRAIC(:,8) = CONSTANTS(:,5) - 2.00000.*CONSTANTS(:,1).*arbitrary_log( (STATES(:,1)./1.00000).*power(10.0000, 7.00000), 10); ALGEBRAIC(:,24) = piecewise({CONSTANTS(:,54)<1.00000e-12, 0.00000 }, (( (( CONSTANTS(:,37).*CONSTANTS(:,54))./(CONSTANTS(:,54)+CONSTANTS(:,48))).*ALGEBRAIC(:,11))./CONSTANTS(:,20)).*( exp( - (ALGEBRAIC(:,8)+ 2.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,1))./( 2.00000.*CONSTANTS(:,1))).*ALGEBRAIC(:,11).*power(CONSTANTS(:,54), 0.250000) - STATES(:,5).*exp(( CONSTANTS(:,2).*STATES(:,2))./CONSTANTS(:,1)))); RATES(:,5) = ( 2.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,23) - 2.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,24))./CONSTANTS(:,15); ALGEBRAIC(:,25) = CONSTANTS(:,38).*( (( exp( - (CONSTANTS(:,6) - CONSTANTS(:,19).*ALGEBRAIC(:,1))./CONSTANTS(:,1)).*CONSTANTS(:,11))./CONSTANTS(:,10)).*STATES(:,9).*STATES(:,12) - STATES(:,7).*1.00000); ALGEBRAIC(:,26) = - 0.650000.*STATES(:,2); ALGEBRAIC(:,27) = 0.350000.*STATES(:,2); ALGEBRAIC(:,28) = piecewise({ALGEBRAIC(:,16)>CONSTANTS(:,55)&ALGEBRAIC(:,14)>CONSTANTS(:,55), ( CONSTANTS(:,39).*(ALGEBRAIC(:,16)./(ALGEBRAIC(:,16)+ ALGEBRAIC(:,14).*exp(( - CONSTANTS(:,2).*ALGEBRAIC(:,27))./CONSTANTS(:,1))) - ALGEBRAIC(:,13)./(ALGEBRAIC(:,13)+ ALGEBRAIC(:,12).*exp(( - CONSTANTS(:,2).*ALGEBRAIC(:,26))./CONSTANTS(:,1)))).*ALGEBRAIC(:,16))./(ALGEBRAIC(:,16)+CONSTANTS(:,44)) }, 0.00000); RATES(:,6) = (ALGEBRAIC(:,25) - ALGEBRAIC(:,28))./CONSTANTS(:,15); RATES(:,8) = ( - ALGEBRAIC(:,25)+ALGEBRAIC(:,28))./CONSTANTS(:,15); ALGEBRAIC(:,29) = ( STATES(:,18).*CONSTANTS(:,63))./(CONSTANTS(:,63)+CONSTANTS(:,7)); ALGEBRAIC(:,31) = ( STATES(:,12).*STATES(:,1))./(STATES(:,1)+CONSTANTS(:,7)); ALGEBRAIC(:,33) = ( CONSTANTS(:,40).*( CONSTANTS(:,63).*ALGEBRAIC(:,29) - STATES(:,1).*ALGEBRAIC(:,31)))./(ALGEBRAIC(:,29)+CONSTANTS(:,32)); RATES(:,12) = ( - ALGEBRAIC(:,25) - ALGEBRAIC(:,33))./CONSTANTS(:,15); ALGEBRAIC(:,34) = CONSTANTS(:,53).*CONSTANTS(:,51).*(STATES(:,20) - STATES(:,13)); ALGEBRAIC(:,36) = CONSTANTS(:,45).*( CONSTANTS(:,12).*STATES(:,15).*STATES(:,15) - STATES(:,17).*STATES(:,13)); RATES(:,13) = (ALGEBRAIC(:,34)+ALGEBRAIC(:,28)+ALGEBRAIC(:,36))./CONSTANTS(:,16); ALGEBRAIC(:,32) = CONSTANTS(:,53).*CONSTANTS(:,51).*(STATES(:,21) - STATES(:,15)); RATES(:,15) = ((ALGEBRAIC(:,32) - ALGEBRAIC(:,28)) - 2.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,36))./CONSTANTS(:,16); ALGEBRAIC(:,30) = CONSTANTS(:,53).*CONSTANTS(:,51).*(STATES(:,22) - STATES(:,17)); RATES(:,17) = (ALGEBRAIC(:,30)+ALGEBRAIC(:,36))./CONSTANTS(:,16); ALGEBRAIC(:,37) = CONSTANTS(:,53).*CONSTANTS(:,52).*(STATES(:,25) - STATES(:,18)); RATES(:,18) = ( - ALGEBRAIC(:,33)+ALGEBRAIC(:,37))./CONSTANTS(:,16); ALGEBRAIC(:,38) = CONSTANTS(:,45).*( CONSTANTS(:,12).*STATES(:,21).*STATES(:,21) - STATES(:,22).*STATES(:,20)); RATES(:,22) = ( - CONSTANTS(:,62).*ALGEBRAIC(:,30)+ALGEBRAIC(:,38))./CONSTANTS(:,14); RATES(:,25) = ( - ALGEBRAIC(:,37).*CONSTANTS(:,62)+CONSTANTS(:,65)./CONSTANTS(:,64))./CONSTANTS(:,14); ALGEBRAIC(:,39) = CONSTANTS(:,41).*( CONSTANTS(:,61).*STATES(:,1) - STATES(:,10).*CONSTANTS(:,63)); ALGEBRAIC(:,35) = piecewise({abs(STATES(:,2))>CONSTANTS(:,56), ( CONSTANTS(:,42).*STATES(:,2).*( CONSTANTS(:,63).*exp(( CONSTANTS(:,2).*STATES(:,2))./CONSTANTS(:,1)) - STATES(:,1)))./(exp(( CONSTANTS(:,2).*STATES(:,2))./CONSTANTS(:,1)) - 1.00000) }, ( CONSTANTS(:,42).*CONSTANTS(:,1).*(CONSTANTS(:,63) - STATES(:,1)))./CONSTANTS(:,2)); RATES(:,1) = ( (STATES(:,1)./CONSTANTS(:,49)).*((((((ALGEBRAIC(:,20) - 5.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,22)) - 2.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,23)) - 4.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,24))+ (CONSTANTS(:,19) - 1.00000).*ALGEBRAIC(:,25)+ 2.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,33)) - ALGEBRAIC(:,39))+ALGEBRAIC(:,35)))./CONSTANTS(:,15); ALGEBRAIC(:,18) = CONSTANTS(:,21) - STATES(:,27); ALGEBRAIC(:,40) = CONSTANTS(:,46).*( CONSTANTS(:,13).*STATES(:,21).*STATES(:,27).*CONSTANTS(:,60) - STATES(:,20).*ALGEBRAIC(:,18)); RATES(:,20) = ((( - CONSTANTS(:,62).*ALGEBRAIC(:,34)+ALGEBRAIC(:,38)) - CONSTANTS(:,65)./CONSTANTS(:,64))+ALGEBRAIC(:,40))./CONSTANTS(:,14); RATES(:,21) = ((( - CONSTANTS(:,62).*ALGEBRAIC(:,32) - 2.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,38))+CONSTANTS(:,65)./CONSTANTS(:,64)) - ALGEBRAIC(:,40))./CONSTANTS(:,14); RATES(:,27) = - ALGEBRAIC(:,40)./CONSTANTS(:,14); ALGEBRAIC(:,41) = piecewise({abs(STATES(:,2))>CONSTANTS(:,57), ( CONSTANTS(:,43).*STATES(:,2).*( CONSTANTS(:,61).*exp(( CONSTANTS(:,2).*STATES(:,2))./CONSTANTS(:,1)) - STATES(:,10)))./(exp(( CONSTANTS(:,2).*STATES(:,2))./CONSTANTS(:,1)) - 1.00000) }, ( CONSTANTS(:,43).*CONSTANTS(:,1).*(CONSTANTS(:,61) - STATES(:,10)))./CONSTANTS(:,2)); RATES(:,10) = (ALGEBRAIC(:,39)+ALGEBRAIC(:,41))./CONSTANTS(:,15); RATES(:,2) = ((((( 4.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,22)+ 2.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,23)+ 4.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,24)) - CONSTANTS(:,19).*ALGEBRAIC(:,25)) - ALGEBRAIC(:,28)) - ALGEBRAIC(:,35)) - ALGEBRAIC(:,41))./CONSTANTS(:,50); RATES = RATES'; end % Calculate algebraic variables function ALGEBRAIC = computeAlgebraic(ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS, STATES, VOI) statesSize = size(STATES); statesColumnCount = statesSize(2); if ( statesColumnCount == 1) STATES = STATES'; utilOnes = 1; else statesRowCount = statesSize(1); utilOnes = ones(statesRowCount, 1); end ALGEBRAIC(:,2) = STATES(:,20) - STATES(:,23); ALGEBRAIC(:,5) = CONSTANTS(:,47).*( ALGEBRAIC(:,2).*STATES(:,26) - CONSTANTS(:,10).*STATES(:,23)); ALGEBRAIC(:,3) = STATES(:,21) - STATES(:,24); ALGEBRAIC(:,6) = CONSTANTS(:,47).*( ALGEBRAIC(:,3).*STATES(:,26) - CONSTANTS(:,11).*STATES(:,24)); ALGEBRAIC(:,12) = STATES(:,6) - STATES(:,7); ALGEBRAIC(:,15) = CONSTANTS(:,47).*( ALGEBRAIC(:,12).*STATES(:,11) - CONSTANTS(:,10).*STATES(:,7)); ALGEBRAIC(:,13) = STATES(:,8) - STATES(:,9); ALGEBRAIC(:,17) = CONSTANTS(:,47).*( ALGEBRAIC(:,13).*STATES(:,11) - CONSTANTS(:,11).*STATES(:,9)); ALGEBRAIC(:,14) = STATES(:,13) - STATES(:,14); ALGEBRAIC(:,19) = CONSTANTS(:,47).*( ALGEBRAIC(:,14).*STATES(:,19) - CONSTANTS(:,10).*STATES(:,14)); ALGEBRAIC(:,16) = STATES(:,15) - STATES(:,16); ALGEBRAIC(:,21) = CONSTANTS(:,47).*( ALGEBRAIC(:,16).*STATES(:,19) - CONSTANTS(:,11).*STATES(:,16)); ALGEBRAIC(:,9) = CONSTANTS(:,23) - STATES(:,3); ALGEBRAIC(:,20) = ( CONSTANTS(:,34).*( CONSTANTS(:,33).*ALGEBRAIC(:,9) - STATES(:,3)).*(1.00000+STATES(:,12)./CONSTANTS(:,28)))./(1.00000+STATES(:,12)./CONSTANTS(:,29)); ALGEBRAIC(:,4) = CONSTANTS(:,3) - 1.00000.*CONSTANTS(:,1).*arbitrary_log( (STATES(:,1)./1.00000).*power(10.0000, 7.00000), 10); ALGEBRAIC(:,1) = CONSTANTS(:,2).*STATES(:,2)+ CONSTANTS(:,1).*arbitrary_log(CONSTANTS(:,63)./STATES(:,1), 10); ALGEBRAIC(:,10) = CONSTANTS(:,22) - STATES(:,4); ALGEBRAIC(:,22) = CONSTANTS(:,35).*( exp( - (ALGEBRAIC(:,4)+ 4.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,1))./CONSTANTS(:,1)).*STATES(:,3).*STATES(:,4) - ALGEBRAIC(:,9).*ALGEBRAIC(:,10)); ALGEBRAIC(:,7) = CONSTANTS(:,4)+ 2.00000.*CONSTANTS(:,1).*arbitrary_log( (STATES(:,1)./1.00000).*power(10.0000, 7.00000), 10); ALGEBRAIC(:,11) = CONSTANTS(:,20) - STATES(:,5); ALGEBRAIC(:,23) = (( CONSTANTS(:,36).*(1.00000+STATES(:,12)./CONSTANTS(:,30)))./(1.00000+STATES(:,12)./CONSTANTS(:,31))).*( exp( - ((ALGEBRAIC(:,7)+ 4.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,1)) - 2.00000.*CONSTANTS(:,2).*STATES(:,2))./( 2.00000.*CONSTANTS(:,1))).*STATES(:,5).*power(ALGEBRAIC(:,10), 1.0 ./ 2) - ALGEBRAIC(:,11).*power(STATES(:,4), 1.0 ./ 2)); ALGEBRAIC(:,8) = CONSTANTS(:,5) - 2.00000.*CONSTANTS(:,1).*arbitrary_log( (STATES(:,1)./1.00000).*power(10.0000, 7.00000), 10); ALGEBRAIC(:,24) = piecewise({CONSTANTS(:,54)<1.00000e-12, 0.00000 }, (( (( CONSTANTS(:,37).*CONSTANTS(:,54))./(CONSTANTS(:,54)+CONSTANTS(:,48))).*ALGEBRAIC(:,11))./CONSTANTS(:,20)).*( exp( - (ALGEBRAIC(:,8)+ 2.00000.*ALGEBRAIC(:,1))./( 2.00000.*CONSTANTS(:,1))).*ALGEBRAIC(:,11).*power(CONSTANTS(:,54), 0.250000) - STATES(:,5).*exp(( CONSTANTS(:,2).*STATES(:,2))./CONSTANTS(:,1)))); ALGEBRAIC(:,25) = CONSTANTS(:,38).*( (( exp( - (CONSTANTS(:,6) - CONSTANTS(:,19).*ALGEBRAIC(:,1))./CONSTANTS(:,1)).*CONSTANTS(:,11))./CONSTANTS(:,10)).*STATES(:,9).*STATES(:,12) - STATES(:,7).*1.00000); ALGEBRAIC(:,26) = - 0.650000.*STATES(:,2); ALGEBRAIC(:,27) = 0.350000.*STATES(:,2); ALGEBRAIC(:,28) = piecewise({ALGEBRAIC(:,16)>CONSTANTS(:,55)&ALGEBRAIC(:,14)>CONSTANTS(:,55), ( CONSTANTS(:,39).*(ALGEBRAIC(:,16)./(ALGEBRAIC(:,16)+ ALGEBRAIC(:,14).*exp(( - CONSTANTS(:,2).*ALGEBRAIC(:,27))./CONSTANTS(:,1))) - ALGEBRAIC(:,13)./(ALGEBRAIC(:,13)+ ALGEBRAIC(:,12).*exp(( - CONSTANTS(:,2).*ALGEBRAIC(:,26))./CONSTANTS(:,1)))).*ALGEBRAIC(:,16))./(ALGEBRAIC(:,16)+CONSTANTS(:,44)) }, 0.00000); ALGEBRAIC(:,29) = ( STATES(:,18).*CONSTANTS(:,63))./(CONSTANTS(:,63)+CONSTANTS(:,7)); ALGEBRAIC(:,31) = ( STATES(:,12).*STATES(:,1))./(STATES(:,1)+CONSTANTS(:,7)); ALGEBRAIC(:,33) = ( CONSTANTS(:,40).*( CONSTANTS(:,63).*ALGEBRAIC(:,29) - STATES(:,1).*ALGEBRAIC(:,31)))./(ALGEBRAIC(:,29)+CONSTANTS(:,32)); ALGEBRAIC(:,34) = CONSTANTS(:,53).*CONSTANTS(:,51).*(STATES(:,20) - STATES(:,13)); ALGEBRAIC(:,36) = CONSTANTS(:,45).*( CONSTANTS(:,12).*STATES(:,15).*STATES(:,15) - STATES(:,17).*STATES(:,13)); ALGEBRAIC(:,32) = CONSTANTS(:,53).*CONSTANTS(:,51).*(STATES(:,21) - STATES(:,15)); ALGEBRAIC(:,30) = CONSTANTS(:,53).*CONSTANTS(:,51).*(STATES(:,22) - STATES(:,17)); ALGEBRAIC(:,37) = CONSTANTS(:,53).*CONSTANTS(:,52).*(STATES(:,25) - STATES(:,18)); ALGEBRAIC(:,38) = CONSTANTS(:,45).*( CONSTANTS(:,12).*STATES(:,21).*STATES(:,21) - STATES(:,22).*STATES(:,20)); ALGEBRAIC(:,39) = CONSTANTS(:,41).*( CONSTANTS(:,61).*STATES(:,1) - STATES(:,10).*CONSTANTS(:,63)); ALGEBRAIC(:,35) = piecewise({abs(STATES(:,2))>CONSTANTS(:,56), ( CONSTANTS(:,42).*STATES(:,2).*( CONSTANTS(:,63).*exp(( CONSTANTS(:,2).*STATES(:,2))./CONSTANTS(:,1)) - STATES(:,1)))./(exp(( CONSTANTS(:,2).*STATES(:,2))./CONSTANTS(:,1)) - 1.00000) }, ( CONSTANTS(:,42).*CONSTANTS(:,1).*(CONSTANTS(:,63) - STATES(:,1)))./CONSTANTS(:,2)); ALGEBRAIC(:,18) = CONSTANTS(:,21) - STATES(:,27); ALGEBRAIC(:,40) = CONSTANTS(:,46).*( CONSTANTS(:,13).*STATES(:,21).*STATES(:,27).*CONSTANTS(:,60) - STATES(:,20).*ALGEBRAIC(:,18)); ALGEBRAIC(:,41) = piecewise({abs(STATES(:,2))>CONSTANTS(:,57), ( CONSTANTS(:,43).*STATES(:,2).*( CONSTANTS(:,61).*exp(( CONSTANTS(:,2).*STATES(:,2))./CONSTANTS(:,1)) - STATES(:,10)))./(exp(( CONSTANTS(:,2).*STATES(:,2))./CONSTANTS(:,1)) - 1.00000) }, ( CONSTANTS(:,43).*CONSTANTS(:,1).*(CONSTANTS(:,61) - STATES(:,10)))./CONSTANTS(:,2)); end % Compute result of a piecewise function function x = piecewise(cases, default) set = [0]; for i = 1:2:length(cases) if (length(cases{i+1}) == 1) x(cases{i} & ~set,:) = cases{i+1}; else x(cases{i} & ~set,:) = cases{i+1}(cases{i} & ~set); end set = set | cases{i}; if(set), break, end end if (length(default) == 1) x(~set,:) = default; else x(~set,:) = default(~set); end end % Compute a logarithm to any base" + function x = arbitrary_log(a, base) x = log(a) ./ log(base); end % Pad out or shorten strings to a set length function strout = strpad(strin) req_length = 160; insize = size(strin,2); if insize > req_length strout = strin(1:req_length); else strout = [strin, blanks(req_length - insize)]; end end