Rendering of the source text

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!--  FILE :  moss_model_2009.xml


--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" cmeta:id="moss_model_2009" name="moss_model_2009">

<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
    <article>
      <section id="sec_status">
        <title>Model Status</title>
        <para>
         This CellML model cannot be opened in COR and it cannot be run in PCEnv due to the use of vectors - something which may be included in the CellML 1.2 specification.  The way this model is written it is not ideally suited for expression in CellML.  However, we have attempted to describe the model in CellML with the hope that in the future it may be further validated and curated.
          </para>
      </section>
      <sect1 id="sec_structure">
        <title>Model Structure</title>
        <para>
ABSTRACT: In this paper, concepts from network automata are adapted and extended to model complex biological systems. Specifically, systems of nephrons, the operational units of the kidney, are modelled and the dynamics of such systems are explored. Nephron behaviour can fluctuate widely and, under certain conditions, become chaotic. However, the behaviour of the whole kidney remains remarkably stable and blood solute levels are maintained under a wide range of conditions even when many nephrons are damaged or lost. A network model is used to investigate the stability of systems of nephrons and interactions between nephrons. More sophisticated dynamics are explored including the observed oscillations in single nephron filtration rates and the development of stable ionic and osmotic gradients in the inner medulla which contribute to the countercurrent exchange mechanism. We have used the model to explore the effects of changes in input parameters including hydrostatic and osmotic pressures and concentrations of ions, such as sodium and chloride. The intrinsic nephron control, tubuloglomerular feedback, is included and the effects of coupling between nephrons are explored in two-, eight- and 72-nephron models.
</para>

<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
				
				<para>
A computational model for emergent dynamics in the kidney, Moss R, Kazmierczak E, Kirley M, and Harris P, 2009, <emphasis>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A</emphasis>, 367, 2125-40.  <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19414449">PubMed ID: 19414449</ulink>
				</para>

        <informalfigure float="0" id="fig_reaction_diagram">
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="moss_2009.png"/>
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
          <caption>Schematic diagram representing the model for the single-nephron tubule as a network automata, showing the edges that capture fluid flow, solute transport and tubulo-glomerular feedback.</caption>
        </informalfigure>
      </sect1>
    </article>
  </documentation>
  
  
  <units name="minute">
    <unit units="second" multiplier="60"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="mmHg">
    <unit units="pascal" multiplier="0.0075005"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="mmHg_minute_per_nanoL">
    <unit units="mmHg"/>
	<unit units="minute"/>
	<unit units="litre" prefix="nano" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="nanoL_per_minute_cm">
    <unit units="litre" prefix="nano"/>
	<unit units="minute" exponent="-1"/>
	<unit units="metre" prefix="centi" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="mmHg_L_per_gram">
    <unit units="mmHg"/>
	<unit units="litre"/>
	<unit units="gram" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="mmHg_L2_per_gram2">
    <unit units="mmHg"/>
	<unit units="litre" exponent="2"/>
	<unit units="gram" exponent="-2"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="nanoL_per_minute_mmHg">
    <unit units="litre" prefix="nano"/>
	<unit units="minute" exponent="-1"/>
	<unit units="mmHg" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="nanoL_per_minute">
    <unit units="litre" prefix="nano"/>
	<unit units="minute" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="g_per_L">
    <unit units="gram"/>
    <unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="radian_per_second">
    <unit units="radian"/>
    <unit units="second" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="millimolar">
    <unit units="mole" prefix="milli"/>
    <unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>

  
  <component name="environment">
    <variable units="minute" public_interface="out" name="time"/>
  </component>
  
  <component name="model_parameters">
    <variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="out" name="C_A" initial_value="57.0"/>
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="out" name="C_E" initial_value="5.8"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="out" name="t"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="out" name="delta_t"/>
	
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
  
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="0.1"> 
      <ci type="integer"> t </ci>
    </math>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="0.2"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>t</ci>
		<ci>time</ci>
	  </apply>
    </math>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="0.3"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>delta_t</ci>
		<cn cellml:units="minute"> 1.0 </cn>
	  </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <!-- update rule and filtration rate for the glomerulus node -->
  
  <component name="R_A" cmeta:id="R_A">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="R_A">
        <dc:title>R_A</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>Resistance of the afferent arteriole</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="mmHg_minute_per_nanoL" public_interface="out" name="R_A"/>
	
	<variable units="dimensionless" name="H_A" initial_value="0.5"/>
	<variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma" initial_value="3.3"/>
	
	<variable units="mmHg_minute_per_nanoL" public_interface="in" name="epsilon"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="t"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="delta_t"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="1"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <selector/>
          <ci type="vector">R_A</ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> t </ci>
			<ci> delta_t </ci>
		  </apply>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <selector/>
            <ci type="vector">epsilon</ci>
            <ci> t </ci>
		  </apply>
          <apply>
            <exp/>
		    <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> gamma </ci>
			  <ci> H_A </ci>
			</apply>
		  </apply>
		</apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="P_G" cmeta:id="P_G">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="P_G">
        <dc:title>P_G</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="mmHg" public_interface="out" name="P_G"/>
	
	<variable units="mmHg" name="P_A" initial_value="108.5"/>
	<variable units="mmHg" name="P_V" initial_value="5.0"/>
	<variable units="mmHg_minute_per_nanoL" name="R_E" initial_value="0.0298"/>

	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="C_A"/>
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="C_E"/>
	<variable units="mmHg_minute_per_nanoL" public_interface="in" name="R_A"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="t"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="delta_t"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="2"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <selector/>
          <ci type="vector">P_G</ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> t </ci>
			<ci> delta_t </ci>
		  </apply>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
		    <ci>P_V</ci>
		    <apply>
              <times/>
			  <ci>P_A</ci>
			  <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <selector/>
                  <ci type="vector">R_E</ci>
                  <ci> t </ci>
		        </apply>
			    <apply>
                  <selector/>
                  <ci type="vector">R_A</ci>
                  <ci> t </ci>
		        </apply>
			  </apply>
			  <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <selector/>
                  <ci type="vector">C_A</ci>
                  <ci> t </ci>
		        </apply>
			    <apply>
                  <selector/>
                  <ci type="vector">C_E</ci>
                  <ci> t </ci>
		        </apply>
			  </apply>
			</apply>
		  </apply>
		  <apply>
            <times/>
		    <apply>
              <plus/>
			  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
			  <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <selector/>
                  <ci type="vector">R_E</ci>
                  <ci> t </ci>
		        </apply>
			    <apply>
                  <selector/>
                  <ci type="vector">R_A</ci>
                  <ci> t </ci>
		        </apply>
			  </apply>
			</apply>
			<apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <selector/>
                <ci type="vector">C_A</ci>
                <ci> t </ci>
		      </apply>
			  <apply>
                <selector/>
                <ci type="vector">C_E</ci>
                <ci> t </ci>
		      </apply>
	        </apply>
		  </apply>
	    </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="phi" cmeta:id="phi">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="phi">
        <dc:title>phi</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>tubuloglomerular feedback signal</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="phi"/>
	
	<variable units="mmHg_minute_per_nanoL" name="epsilon_max" initial_value="0.057"/>
	<variable units="mmHg_minute_per_nanoL" name="psi" initial_value="0.02"/>
	<variable units="nanoL_per_minute_cm" name="kappa" initial_value="33.6"/>
	<variable units="minute" name="D_TGF" initial_value="0.1"/>
	<variable units="millimolar" name="Na_half" initial_value="44.0"/>
	
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_M"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="t"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="delta_t"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="3"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <selector/>
          <ci type="vector">phi</ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> t </ci>
			<ci> delta_t </ci>
		  </apply>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <ci> epsilon_max </ci>
		  <apply>
            <divide/>
		    <ci> psi </ci>
			<apply>
              <plus/>
			  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
			    <apply>
                  <minus/>
				  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <ci> kappa </ci>
		            <apply>
                      <selector/>
                      <ci type="vector">Na_M</ci>
                      <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci> t </ci>
			            <ci> D_TGF </ci>
		              </apply>
                    </apply>
				  </apply>
				  <ci> Na_half </ci>
	            </apply>
			  </apply>
			</apply>
		  </apply>
	    </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="epsilon" cmeta:id="epsilon">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="epsilon">
        <dc:title>epsilon</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>response of the afferent arteriole to the tubuloglomerular feedback signal</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="mmHg_minute_per_nanoL" public_interface="out" name="epsilon"/>
	
	<variable units="radian_per_second" name="omega" initial_value="0.2"/>
	<variable units="dimensionless" name="delta" initial_value="1"/>
	<variable units="dimensionless" name="zeta" initial_value="0.9"/>
	
	<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="phi"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="t"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="delta_t"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="4"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <selector/>
          <ci type="vector">epsilon</ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> t </ci>
			<ci> delta_t </ci>
		  </apply>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
		    <apply>
              <plus/>
		      <apply>
                <selector/>
                <ci type="vector">phi</ci>
                <ci> t </ci>
		      </apply>
			  <apply>
                <times/>
                <apply>
                  <selector/>
                  <ci type="vector"> epsilon </ci>
                  <ci> t </ci>
		        </apply>
				<apply>
                  <plus/>
			      <apply>
                    <divide/>
				    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
					  <ci> zeta </ci>
					</apply>
					<apply>
                      <times/>
					  <ci> omega </ci>
					  <ci> delta </ci>
					</apply>
				  </apply>
				  <apply>
                    <divide/>
				    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
					<apply>
                      <power/>
                      <apply>
                        <times/>
					    <ci> omega </ci>
					    <ci> delta </ci>
					  </apply>
					  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
					</apply>
				  </apply>
			    </apply>
		      </apply>
			</apply>
			<apply>
              <divide/>
		      <apply>
                <times/>
			    <apply>
                  <selector/>
                  <ci type="vector">epsilon</ci>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <ci> t </ci>
			        <ci> delta </ci>
		          </apply>
                </apply>
		      </apply>
			  <apply>
                <power/>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
				  <ci> omega </ci>
				  <ci> delta </ci>
			    </apply>
			    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
			  </apply>
			</apply>
		  </apply>
		  <apply>
            <plus/>
		    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
			<apply>
              <divide/>
			  <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
			    <ci> zeta </ci>
			  </apply>
			  <apply>
                <times/>
				<ci> omega </ci>
				<ci> delta </ci>
			  </apply>
			</apply>
			<apply>
              <divide/>
			  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
			  <apply>
                <power/>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
				  <ci> omega </ci>
				  <ci> delta </ci>
			    </apply>
			    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
			  </apply>
			</apply>
		  </apply>
	    </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="pi_G" cmeta:id="pi_G">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="pi_G">
        <dc:title>pi_G</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>oncotic pressure in the glomerulus</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="mmHg" public_interface="out" name="pi_G"/>
	
	<variable units="mmHg" public_interface="in" name="pi"/>
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="C_A"/>
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="C_E"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="5"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>pi_G</ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> pi </ci>
		  <apply>
            <divide/>
		    <apply>
              <plus/>
			  <ci> C_A </ci>
			  <ci> C_E </ci>
			</apply>
			<cn cellml:units="g_per_L"> 2.0 </cn>
	      </apply>
	    </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="pi" cmeta:id="pi">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="pi">
        <dc:title>pi</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>oncotic pressure</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="mmHg" public_interface="out" name="pi"/>
	
	<variable units="mmHg_L_per_gram" name="a" initial_value="0.1631"/>
	<variable units="mmHg_L2_per_gram2" name="b" initial_value="0.00294"/>
	<variable units="g_per_L" name="C" initial_value="58.0"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="6"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <selector/>
          <ci type="vector">pi</ci>
          <ci> C </ci>
		</apply>
        <apply>
          <plus/>
		  <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> a </ci>
			<ci> C </ci>
		  </apply>
		  <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> b </ci>
			<apply>
              <power/>
		      <ci> C </ci>
			  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
			</apply>
	      </apply>
	    </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="SNGFR" cmeta:id="SNGFR">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="SNGFR">
        <dc:title>SNGFR</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>filtration rate at the glomerulus</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="nanoL_per_minute" public_interface="out" name="SNGFR"/>
	
	<variable units="nanoL_per_minute_mmHg" name="Kf" initial_value="2.5"/>
	<variable units="mmHg" name="P_BC" initial_value="1.0"/>
	
	<variable units="mmHg" public_interface="in" name="P_G"/>
	<variable units="mmHg" public_interface="in" name="pi_G"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="7"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>SNGFR</ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> Kf </ci>
		  <apply>
            <minus/>
		    <ci> P_G </ci>
		    <apply>
              <plus/>
			  <ci> P_BC </ci>
			  <ci> pi_G </ci>
			</apply>
		  </apply>
		</apply>
	  </apply>
	</math>  
  </component>
  
  <!-- update rule for the proximal tube node -->
  
  <component name="Na_I" cmeta:id="Na_I">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="Na_I">
        <dc:title>Na_I</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>sodium filtrate</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="out" name="Na_I"/>
	
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_R"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="t"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="8"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <selector/>
          <ci type="vector">Na_I</ci>
          <ci> t </ci>
	    </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <selector/>
            <ci type="vector">Na_R</ci>
            <ci> t </ci>
	      </apply>
		  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.67 </cn>
		</apply>
	  </apply>
	</math>  
  </component>
  
  <component name="H2O_I" cmeta:id="H2O_I">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="H2O_I">
        <dc:title>H2O_I</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>water filtrate</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="H2O_I"/>
	
	<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="H2O_R"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="t"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="9"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <selector/>
          <ci type="vector">H2O_I</ci>
          <ci> t </ci>
	    </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
		  <apply>
            <selector/>
            <ci type="vector">H2O_R</ci>
            <ci> t </ci>
	      </apply>
		  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.67 </cn>
		</apply>
	  </apply>
	</math>  
  </component>
  
  <!-- update rules for the loop of Henle -->
  
  <component name="H2O_D_M" cmeta:id="H2O_D_M">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="H2O_D_M">
        <dc:title>H2O_D_M</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>water conservation</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="H2O_D_M"/>

	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="t"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="delta_t"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="10"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <selector/>
          <ci type="vector">H2O_D_M</ci>
          <ci> t </ci>
	    </apply>
        <apply>
          <selector/>
          <ci type="vector">H2O_D_M</ci>
		  <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> t </ci>
			<ci> delta_t </ci>
	      </apply>
		</apply>
	  </apply>
	</math>  
  </component>
  
  <component name="Na_D_M" cmeta:id="Na_D_M">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="Na_D_M">
        <dc:title>Na_D_M</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>sodium conservation</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="out" name="Na_D_M"/>

	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="t"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="delta_t"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="11"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <selector/>
          <ci type="vector">Na_D_M</ci>
          <ci> t </ci>
	    </apply>
        <apply>
          <selector/>
          <ci type="vector">Na_D_M</ci>
		  <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> t </ci>
			<ci> delta_t </ci>
	      </apply>
		</apply>
	  </apply>
	</math>  
  </component>
  
  <component name="Na_D" cmeta:id="Na_D">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="Na_D">
        <dc:title>Na_D</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>sodium concentration in the descending limb</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="out" name="Na_D"/>

	<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="H2O_D"/>
	<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="H2O_M"/>
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_M"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="t"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="delta_t"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="12"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <selector/>
          <ci type="vector">Na_D</ci>
          <ci> t </ci>
	    </apply>
        <apply>
          <times/>
		  <apply>
            <divide/>
		    <apply>
              <selector/>
              <ci type="vector">Na_M</ci>
		      <ci> t </ci>
	        </apply>
			<apply>
              <selector/>
              <ci type="vector">H2O_M</ci>
		      <apply>
                <plus/>
                <ci> t </ci>
			    <ci> delta_t </ci>
	          </apply>
		    </apply>
		  </apply>
		  <apply>
            <selector/>
            <ci type="vector">H2O_D</ci>
		    <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> t </ci>
			  <ci> delta_t </ci>
	        </apply>
		  </apply>
		</apply>
	  </apply>
	</math>  
  </component>
  
  <component name="Na_M" cmeta:id="Na_M">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="Na_M">
        <dc:title>Na_M</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>sodium concentration in the interstitial fluid</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="out" name="Na_M"/>

	<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="H2O_M"/>
	<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="H2O_A"/>
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_G"/>
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_A"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="t"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="delta_t"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="12a"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <selector/>
          <ci type="vector">Na_M</ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> t </ci>
			<ci> delta_t </ci>
	      </apply>
		</apply>
        <apply>
          <times/>
		  <apply>
            <selector/>
            <ci type="vector">H2O_M</ci>
		    <ci> t </ci>
	      </apply>
		  <apply>
            <plus/>
		    <apply>
              <divide/>
		      <apply>
                <selector/>
                <ci type="vector">Na_A</ci>
		        <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> t </ci>
			      <ci> delta_t </ci>
	            </apply>
	          </apply>
			  <apply>
                <selector/>
                <ci type="vector">H2O_A</ci>
		        <ci> t </ci>
			  </apply>
		    </apply>
			<ci> Na_G </ci>
		  </apply>
		</apply>
	  </apply>
	</math>  
  </component>
  
  <component name="H2O_D" cmeta:id="H2O_D">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="H2O_D">
        <dc:title>H2O_D</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>water in the descending limb</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="H2O_D"/>

	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_D"/>
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_D_M"/>
	<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="H2O_D_M"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="t"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="delta_t"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="13"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <selector/>
          <ci type="vector">H2O_D</ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> t </ci>
			<ci> delta_t </ci>
	      </apply>
	    </apply>
        <apply>
          <times/>
		  <apply>
            <divide/>
		    <apply>
              <selector/>
              <ci type="vector">Na_D</ci>
		      <ci> t </ci>
	        </apply>
			<apply>
              <selector/>
              <ci type="vector">Na_D_M</ci>
		      <ci> t </ci>
			</apply>
		  </apply>
		  <apply>
            <selector/>
            <ci type="vector">H2O_D_M</ci>
		    <ci> t </ci>
	      </apply>
		</apply>
	  </apply>
	</math>  
  </component>
  
  <component name="H2O_M" cmeta:id="H2O_M">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="H2O_M">
        <dc:title>H2O_M</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>water in the interstitial fluid</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="H2O_M"/>

	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_M"/>
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_D_M"/>
	<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="H2O_D_M"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="t"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="delta_t"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="14"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <selector/>
          <ci type="vector">H2O_M</ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> t </ci>
			<ci> delta_t </ci>
	      </apply>
	    </apply>
        <apply>
          <times/>
		  <apply>
            <divide/>
		    <apply>
              <selector/>
              <ci type="vector">Na_M</ci>
		      <ci> t </ci>
	        </apply>
			<apply>
              <selector/>
              <ci type="vector">Na_D_M</ci>
		      <ci> t </ci>
			</apply>
		  </apply>
		  <apply>
            <selector/>
            <ci type="vector">H2O_D_M</ci>
		    <ci> t </ci>
	      </apply>
		</apply>
	  </apply>
	</math>  
  </component>
  
  <component name="Na_A" cmeta:id="Na_A">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="Na_A">
        <dc:title>Na_A</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>sodium concentration in the ascending limb</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="out" name="Na_A"/>

	<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="H2O_A"/>
	<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="H2O_M"/>
	<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="H2O_M_A"/>
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_M_A"/>
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_G"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="t"/>
	<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="delta_t"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="15"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <selector/>
          <ci type="vector">Na_A</ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> t </ci>
			<ci> delta_t </ci>
	      </apply>
	    </apply>
        <apply>
          <times/>
		  <apply>
            <divide/>
		    <apply>
              <selector/>
              <ci type="vector">H2O_A</ci>
		      <ci> t </ci>
	        </apply>
			<apply>
              <selector/>
              <ci type="vector">H2O_M_A</ci>
		      <apply>
                <plus/>
                <ci> t </ci>
			    <ci> delta_t </ci>
	          </apply>
		    </apply>
		  </apply>
		  <apply>
            <minus/>
		    <apply>
              <selector/>
              <ci type="vector">Na_M_A</ci>
		      <ci> t </ci>
		    </apply>
			<apply>
              <times/>
			  <apply>
                <selector/>
                <ci type="vector">Na_G</ci>
		        <ci> t </ci>
		      </apply>
			  <apply>
                <selector/>
                <ci type="vector">H2O_M</ci>
		        <ci> t </ci>
	          </apply>
			</apply>
	      </apply>
		</apply>
	  </apply>
	</math>  
  </component>
  
  <component name="Na_G" cmeta:id="Na_G">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="Na_G">
        <dc:title>Na_G</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>sodium concentration gradient between the interstitial fluid and the ascending limb</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="out" name="Na_G"/>
	
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_M"/>
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_A"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="15a"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci> Na_G </ci>
		<apply>
          <minus/>
	      <ci> Na_M </ci>
		  <ci> Na_A </ci>
	    </apply>
	  </apply>
	</math>  
  </component>
  
  <component name="H2O_A" cmeta:id="H2O_A">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="H2O_A">
        <dc:title>H2O_A</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>water in the ascending limb</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="H2O_A" initial_value="100.0"/>
  </component>
  
  <component name="H2O_I_IF" cmeta:id="H2O_I_IF">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="H2O_I_IF">
        <dc:title>H2O_I_IF</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>water in ?</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="H2O_I_IF" initial_value="100.0"/>
  </component>
  
  <component name="Na_I_IF" cmeta:id="Na_I_IF">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="Na_I_IF">
        <dc:title>Na_I_IF</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>sodium in ?</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="out" name="Na_I_IF" initial_value="100.0"/>
  </component>
  
  <component name="Na_M_A" cmeta:id="Na_M_A">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="Na_M_A">
        <dc:title>Na_M_A</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>sodium concentration in the interstitial fluid and the ascending limb</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="out" name="Na_M_A"/>
	
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_M"/>
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_A"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="15b"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci> Na_M_A </ci>
		<apply>
          <plus/>
		  <ci> Na_M </ci>
		  <ci> Na_A </ci>
		</apply>
	  </apply>
	</math>  
  </component>
  
  <component name="H2O_M_A" cmeta:id="H2O_M_A">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="H2O_M_A">
        <dc:title>H2O_M_A</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>water concentration in the interstitial fluid and the ascending limb</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="H2O_M_A"/>
	
	<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="H2O_M"/>
	<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="H2O_A"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="15c"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci> H2O_M_A </ci>
		<apply>
          <plus/>
		  <ci> H2O_M </ci>
		  <ci> H2O_A </ci>
		</apply>
	  </apply>
	</math>  
  </component>
  
  <!-- update rules for the distal tube and the collecting ducts -->
  
  <component name="R_ADH" cmeta:id="R_ADH">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="R_ADH">
        <dc:title>R_ADH</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>antidiuretic hormone reabsorption</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="out" name="R_ADH"/>

	<variable units="g_per_L" name="ADH_I" initial_value="100.0"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="16"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>R_ADH</ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
		  <apply>
            <log/>
		    <apply>
              <times/>
			  <ci> ADH_I </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1e12 </cn>
			</apply>
		  </apply>
		  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
		</apply>
	  </apply>
	</math>  
  </component>
  
  <component name="R_ALD" cmeta:id="R_ALD">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="R_ALD">
        <dc:title>R_ALD</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>aldosterone reabsorption</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="out" name="R_ALD"/>

	<variable units="g_per_L" name="ALD_I" initial_value="100.0"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="17"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>R_ALD</ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
		  <apply>
            <log/>
		    <apply>
              <times/>
			  <ci> ALD_I </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1e11 </cn>
			</apply>
		  </apply>
		  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
		</apply>
	  </apply>
	</math>  
  </component>
  
  <component name="H2O_R" cmeta:id="H2O_R">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="H2O_R">
        <dc:title>H2O_R</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>water reabsorption</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="H2O_R"/>

	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="R_ADH"/>
	<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="H2O_I"/>
	<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="H2O_I_IF"/>
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_I"/>
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_I_IF"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="18"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>H2O_R</ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
		  <ci>R_ADH</ci>
		  <apply>
            <minus/>
		    <ci>H2O_I</ci>
		    <apply>
              <times/>
			  <ci> Na_I </ci>
			  <apply>
                <divide/>
			    <ci>H2O_I_IF</ci>
				<ci>Na_I_IF</ci>
              </apply>
			</apply>
		  </apply>
		</apply>
	  </apply>
	</math>  
  </component>
  
  <component name="Na_R" cmeta:id="Na_R">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="Na_R">
        <dc:title>Na_R</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>sodium reabsorption</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF>
    <variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="out" name="Na_R"/>

	<variable units="g_per_L" name="Na_max" initial_value="100.0"/>
	
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="R_ALD"/>
	<variable units="g_per_L" public_interface="in" name="Na_I"/>
	
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="19"> 
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci> Na_R </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
		  <ci> R_ALD </ci>
		  <ci> Na_max </ci>
		  <ci> Na_I </ci>
		</apply>
	  </apply>
	</math>  
  </component>
  
  <!-- connections -->
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="R_A" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="t" variable_1="t"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="delta_t" variable_1="delta_t"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="P_G" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="t" variable_1="t"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="delta_t" variable_1="delta_t"/>
	<map_variables variable_2="C_A" variable_1="C_A"/>
	<map_variables variable_2="C_E" variable_1="C_E"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="phi" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="t" variable_1="t"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="delta_t" variable_1="delta_t"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="epsilon" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="t" variable_1="t"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="delta_t" variable_1="delta_t"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="pi_G" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="C_A" variable_1="C_A"/>
	<map_variables variable_2="C_E" variable_1="C_E"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_I" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="t" variable_1="t"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="H2O_I" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="t" variable_1="t"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="H2O_D_M" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="t" variable_1="t"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="delta_t" variable_1="delta_t"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_D_M" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="t" variable_1="t"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="delta_t" variable_1="delta_t"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_D" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="t" variable_1="t"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="delta_t" variable_1="delta_t"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_M" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="t" variable_1="t"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="delta_t" variable_1="delta_t"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="H2O_D" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="t" variable_1="t"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="delta_t" variable_1="delta_t"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="H2O_M" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="t" variable_1="t"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="delta_t" variable_1="delta_t"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_A" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="t" variable_1="t"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="delta_t" variable_1="delta_t"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="R_A" component_1="epsilon"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="epsilon" variable_1="epsilon"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="P_G" component_1="R_A"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R_A" variable_1="R_A"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="phi" component_1="Na_M"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_M" variable_1="Na_M"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="epsilon" component_1="phi"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="phi" variable_1="phi"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="pi_G" component_1="pi"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="pi" variable_1="pi"/>
  </connection> 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="SNGFR" component_1="P_G"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="P_G" variable_1="P_G"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="SNGFR" component_1="pi_G"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="pi_G" variable_1="pi_G"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_R" component_1="Na_I"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_R" variable_1="Na_R"/>
	<map_variables variable_2="Na_I" variable_1="Na_I"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="H2O_R" component_1="H2O_I"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="H2O_I" variable_1="H2O_I"/>
	<map_variables variable_2="H2O_R" variable_1="H2O_R"/>
  </connection>   
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_M" component_1="H2O_A"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="H2O_A" variable_1="H2O_A"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_M" component_1="Na_G"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_M" variable_1="Na_M"/>
	<map_variables variable_2="Na_G" variable_1="Na_G"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_M" component_1="Na_A"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_A" variable_1="Na_A"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_M" component_1="H2O_M"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="H2O_M" variable_1="H2O_M"/>
	<map_variables variable_2="Na_M" variable_1="Na_M"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_D" component_1="H2O_D"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_D" variable_1="Na_D"/>
	<map_variables variable_2="H2O_D" variable_1="H2O_D"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_D" component_1="H2O_M"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="H2O_M" variable_1="H2O_M"/>
  </connection> 

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_D" component_1="Na_M"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_M" variable_1="Na_M"/>
  </connection>  

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_D_M" component_1="H2O_D"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_D_M" variable_1="Na_D_M"/>
  </connection>   
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="H2O_D_M" component_1="H2O_D"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="H2O_D_M" variable_1="H2O_D_M"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_D_M" component_1="H2O_M"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_D_M" variable_1="Na_D_M"/>
  </connection>  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="H2O_D_M" component_1="H2O_M"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="H2O_D_M" variable_1="H2O_D_M"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_A" component_1="H2O_A"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="H2O_A" variable_1="H2O_A"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_A" component_1="H2O_M"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="H2O_M" variable_1="H2O_M"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="H2O_M_A" component_1="H2O_M"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="H2O_M" variable_1="H2O_M"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="H2O_M_A" component_1="H2O_A"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="H2O_A" variable_1="H2O_A"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_A" component_1="H2O_M_A"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="H2O_M_A" variable_1="H2O_M_A"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_A" component_1="Na_M_A"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_M_A" variable_1="Na_M_A"/>
	<map_variables variable_2="Na_A" variable_1="Na_A"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_M" component_1="Na_M_A"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_M" variable_1="Na_M"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_A" component_1="Na_G"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_G" variable_1="Na_G"/>
	<map_variables variable_2="Na_A" variable_1="Na_A"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="H2O_R" component_1="R_ADH"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R_ADH" variable_1="R_ADH"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="H2O_R" component_1="H2O_I_IF"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="H2O_I_IF" variable_1="H2O_I_IF"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="H2O_R" component_1="Na_I"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_I" variable_1="Na_I"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="H2O_R" component_1="Na_I_IF"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Na_I_IF" variable_1="Na_I_IF"/>
  </connection>  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_R" component_1="R_ALD"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R_ALD" variable_1="R_ALD"/>
  </connection>



<rdf:RDF>
  <rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#f39ae88b-381b-461f-b4b9-9a858e537a6c">
    <rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#088cc5c6-a17c-4faa-8ec3-38d155643ee8"/>
    <rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#c1bc13ef-dbb6-4740-be50-6a61ba59abff"/>
    <rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#c7e9c3ca-3425-44d9-949b-5cb564724bfd"/>
    <rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#977d4100-3ccb-43bd-8c4b-f93b47c4b2d3"/>
  </rdf:Seq>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#af748bd5-85e5-4a5b-94da-8035040c01cb">
    <vCard:Given>Robert</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Moss</vCard:Family>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ab1a126e-20e9-4397-8d07-8418af363da2">
    <vCard:FN>Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="">
    <cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#7f7be77a-0252-41c9-9ed8-55b3d6d9a991"/>
    <dcterms:created rdf:resource="rdf:#d3edc00d-ccdc-4663-b70e-85544db2fb55"/>
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#785f734f-20b5-4244-8feb-441dcea77347"/>
    <cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#c315867e-9100-4fe1-be68-1afeaa51fe53"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#785f734f-20b5-4244-8feb-441dcea77347">
    <vCard:ORG rdf:resource="rdf:#713facf6-0096-47c1-a388-a0c2272b5d16"/>
    <vCard:EMAIL rdf:resource="rdf:#89acf136-438f-4145-b4c9-be1633de14dd"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#8153a0d8-af2a-47f7-bd2a-bde7c9f58648"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="#moss_model_2009">
    <bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#add1d44b-b0d9-46c7-b378-292eafc92c23"/>
<bqs:reference rdf:parseType="Resource">
  <dc:subject rdf:parseType="Resource">
    <bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type>
    <rdf:value>
      <rdf:Bag>
        <rdf:li>nephron</rdf:li>
		<rdf:li>ion_transport</rdf:li>
        <rdf:li>kidney</rdf:li>
      </rdf:Bag>
    </rdf:value>
  </dc:subject>
</bqs:reference>
    <cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#6a85b792-6a5d-4c7e-a810-9877e811b334"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#dc794ca8-e753-4592-b6ce-6ed0a7309a9a">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2009-05-05T10:11:51+12:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#088cc5c6-a17c-4faa-8ec3-38d155643ee8">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#af748bd5-85e5-4a5b-94da-8035040c01cb"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#add1d44b-b0d9-46c7-b378-292eafc92c23">
    <bqs:JournalArticle rdf:resource="rdf:#2c9ab590-163d-47fc-940e-08231630fceb"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c315867e-9100-4fe1-be68-1afeaa51fe53">
    <dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#dc794ca8-e753-4592-b6ce-6ed0a7309a9a"/>
    <rdf:value>NOTE: This is not a modification to the CellML file (as this is version 1), but I want to document how the CellML model varies from the published model, and make the curation notes for this model visible...&#13;
&#13;
This CellML model cannot be opened in COR and it cannot be run in PCEnv due to the use of vectors - something which may be included in the CellML 1.2 specification.  The way this model is written it is not ideally suited for expression in CellML.  However, we have attempted to describe the model in CellML with the hope that in the future it may be further validated and curated.&#13;
&#13;
Also, regardless of the use of vectors - there will be other errors in the model as we haven't been able to use the tools to properly validate the code.&#13;
&#13;
Finally, there are some issues that we are aware of.  In certain places the units don't balance.  Also the CellML model is underconstrained.  There are several parameters which need a constant value or a defining equation.  These include:&#13;
C_E, C_A, a, b, C, Na_half, D_TGF, delta, Pi, H2O_I_IF, Na_I_IF, H2O_A, ADH_I, ALD_I and Na_max.&#13;
&#13;
For the moment these have been assigned a temporary value (a complete guess in most cases!).&#13;
&#13;
We will continue to work with the original model author to try to get some of these values.</rdf:value>
    <cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#67ac6636-553d-4f0a-af5b-1096d271975b"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#89acf136-438f-4145-b4c9-be1633de14dd">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/>
    <rdf:value>c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c1bc13ef-dbb6-4740-be50-6a61ba59abff">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#b24332bf-3ece-49cf-8478-2dabbb1fc055"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c7e9c3ca-3425-44d9-949b-5cb564724bfd">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#cc8ec6b9-2449-47ad-8b60-c8f305e300be"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#fca58bbf-7c9c-4ec3-bd95-44ec399de94a">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2009-05-00 00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1bf340c9-69a6-4c8c-945b-196381a1f7a5">
    <dc:title>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A</dc:title>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#977d4100-3ccb-43bd-8c4b-f93b47c4b2d3">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#b5014546-68de-4c2f-a6d5-571768e3ba75"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8153a0d8-af2a-47f7-bd2a-bde7c9f58648">
    <vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7f7be77a-0252-41c9-9ed8-55b3d6d9a991">
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#ab1a126e-20e9-4397-8d07-8418af363da2"/>
    <rdf:value>This CellML model cannot be opened in COR and it cannot be run in PCEnv due to the use of vectors - something which may be included in the CellML 1.2 specification.  The way this model is written it is not ideally suited for expression in CellML.  However, we have attempted to describe the model in CellML with the hope that in the future it may be further validated and curated.&#13;
&#13;
Also, regardless of the use of vectors - there will be other errors in the model as we haven't been able to use the tools to properly validate the code.&#13;
&#13;
Finally, there are some issues that we are aware of.  In certain places the units don't balance.  Also the CellML model is underconstrained.  There are several parameters which need a constant value or a defining equation.  These include:&#13;
C_E, C_A, a, b, C, Na_half, D_TGF, delta, Pi, H2O_I_IF, Na_I_IF, H2O_A, ADH_I, ALD_I and Na_max.&#13;
&#13;
For the moment these have been assigned a temporary value (a complete guess in most cases!).&#13;
&#13;
We will continue to work with the original model author to try to get some of these values.</rdf:value>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6a85b792-6a5d-4c7e-a810-9877e811b334">
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#120081e3-3534-4abe-8f15-c896977dbd0f"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d3edc00d-ccdc-4663-b70e-85544db2fb55">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2009-05-05T00:00:00+00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b5014546-68de-4c2f-a6d5-571768e3ba75">
    <vCard:Given>Peter</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Harris</vCard:Family>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#cc8ec6b9-2449-47ad-8b60-c8f305e300be">
    <vCard:Given>Michael</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Kirley</vCard:Family>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#713facf6-0096-47c1-a388-a0c2272b5d16">
    <vCard:Orgname>The University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
    <vCard:Orgunit>Auckland Bioengineering Institute</vCard:Orgunit>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b24332bf-3ece-49cf-8478-2dabbb1fc055">
    <vCard:Given>Ed</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Kazmierczak</vCard:Family>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2c9ab590-163d-47fc-940e-08231630fceb">
    <dc:title>A computational model for emergent dynamics in the kidney</dc:title>
	<bqs:volume>13</bqs:volume>
	<bqs:first_page>2125</bqs:first_page>
	<bqs:last_page>2140</bqs:last_page>
	<dcterms:W3CDTF>2009-06</dcterms:W3CDTF>
	<bqs:Pubmed_id>19414449</bqs:Pubmed_id>
    <dcterms:issued rdf:resource="rdf:#fca58bbf-7c9c-4ec3-bd95-44ec399de94a"/>
    <bqs:Journal rdf:resource="rdf:#1bf340c9-69a6-4c8c-945b-196381a1f7a5"/>
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#f39ae88b-381b-461f-b4b9-9a858e537a6c"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#55662781-2cca-423d-9b98-d79596c51235">
    <vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#67ac6636-553d-4f0a-af5b-1096d271975b">
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#55662781-2cca-423d-9b98-d79596c51235"/>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</model>