- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2007-04-02 00:57:28+12:00
- Desc:
- committing version03 of earm_noble_1990
- Permanent Source URI:
- http://models.cellml.org/workspace/earm_noble_1990/rawfile/953fb8cb39542fc5c4086baddcb295fd1c3e89a3/earm_noble_1990.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" cmeta:id="earm_noble_1990_version01" name="earm_noble_1990_version01">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
Version 02 was created from Version 01 by James Lawson (03/07) to allow the model to run in PCEnv.
Version 03 was created from Version 02 by James Lawson (03/07) by adding a stimulus protocol to allow the model to output a train of action potentials. For optimal results, the maximum step size should be 0.001 or less, and the number of points per graph should be 10,000 or greater.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
This model is based on the paper:
A model of the single atrial cell: relation between calcium current and calcium release by Earm Y, Noble D, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, Vol. 240, No. 1297. (May 22, 1990), pp. 83-96.
</para>
<para>
ABSTRACT: The hypothesis that calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle is induced by rises in free cytosolic calcium (Fabiato 1983, Am. J. Physiol 245) allows the possibility that the release could be at least partly regenerative. There would then be a non-linear relation between calcium current and calcium release. We have investigated this possibility in a single-cell version of the rabbit-atrial model developed by Hilgemann & Noble (1987, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 230). The model predicts different voltage ranges of activation for calcium-dependent processes (like the sodium-calcium exchange current, contraction or Fura-2 signals) and the calcium current, in agreement with the experimental results obtained by Earm et al. (1990, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 240) on exchange current tails, Cannell et al. (1987, Science, Wash. 238) by using Fura-2 signals, and Fedida et al. (1987, J. Physiol., Lond. 385) and Talo et al. (1988, Biology of isolated adult cardiac myocytes) by using contraction. However, when the Fura-2 concentration is sufficiently high (greater than 200 microM) the activation ranges become very similar as the buffering properties of Fura-2 are sufficient to remove the regenerative effect. It is therefore important to allow for the buffering properties of calcium indicators when investigating the correlation between calcium current and calcium release.
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>schematic diagram of a human atrial myocyte</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="earm_1990.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A schematic representation of the Earm and Noble 1990 model.</caption>
</informalfigure>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/49496?seq=1">A model of the single atrial cell: relation between calcium current and calcium release</ulink>, Y. E. Earm and D. Noble, 1990, <ulink url="http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/journals/00804649.html">
<emphasis>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</emphasis>
</ulink>, 240, 83-96. (A <ulink url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/49496.pdf">PDF version</ulink> of the article is available to subscribers on the journal website.) <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1972993">PubMed ID: 1972993</ulink>
</para>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<units name="millisecond">
<unit units="second" prefix="milli"/>
</units>
<units name="per_second">
<unit units="second" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millivolt">
<unit units="volt" prefix="milli"/>
</units>
<units name="per_millivolt">
<unit units="volt" prefix="milli" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="per_millivolt_second">
<unit units="millivolt" exponent="-1"/>
<unit units="second" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="milliS_per_cm2">
<unit units="siemens" prefix="milli"/>
<unit units="metre" prefix="centi" exponent="-2"/>
</units>
<units name="microF_per_cm2">
<unit units="farad" prefix="micro"/>
<unit units="metre" prefix="centi" exponent="-2"/>
</units>
<units name="nanoA">
<unit units="ampere" prefix="nano"/>
</units>
<units name="concentration_units">
<unit units="mole" prefix="milli"/>
<unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="concentration_units_per_millisecond">
<unit units="concentration_units"/>
<unit units="second" prefix="milli" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar">
<unit units="mole" prefix="milli"/>
<unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="micromolar">
<unit units="mole" prefix="micro"/>
<unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar_per_second">
<unit units="millimolar"/>
<unit units="second" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="micrometre">
<unit units="metre" prefix="micro"/>
</units>
<units name="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin">
<unit units="joule" prefix="milli"/>
<unit units="mole" exponent="-1"/>
<unit units="kelvin" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="coulomb_per_mole">
<unit units="coulomb" exponent="-1"/>
<unit units="mole"/>
</units>
<units name="microlitre">
<unit units="litre" prefix="micro"/>
</units>
<component name="environment">
<variable units="second" public_interface="out" name="time"/>
</component>
<component name="stimulus_protocol">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="Istim"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="IstimStart" initial_value="10"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="IstimEnd" initial_value="1000"/>
<variable units="nanoA" name="IstimAmplitude" initial_value="1.3"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="IstimPeriod" initial_value="200"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="IstimPulseDuration" initial_value="1"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="Stimulus_Current_Equation">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Istim</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<ci>IstimAmplitude</ci>
<apply>
<and/>
<apply>
<geq/>
<ci>time</ci>
<ci>IstimStart</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<leq/>
<ci>time</ci>
<ci>IstimEnd</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<leq/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>time</ci>
<ci>IstimStart</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<floor/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>time</ci>
<ci>IstimStart</ci>
</apply>
<ci>IstimPeriod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>IstimPeriod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>IstimPulseDuration</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="nanoA">0</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
</math>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
</component>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="stimulus_protocol" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Istim" variable_1="Istim"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="stimulus_protocol" component_1="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<component name="membrane">
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="V" initial_value="-91.6"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="out" name="R" initial_value="8314.472"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="out" name="T" initial_value="310"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="out" name="F" initial_value="96485.3415"/>
<variable units="microF_per_cm2" name="C_m" initial_value="4e-5"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_b_K"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_to"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_b_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_b_Ca"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L"/>
<variable units="nanoA" name="i_Stim"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>C_m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>i_Stim</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_b_K</ci>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<ci>i_to</ci>
<ci>i_b_Na</ci>
<ci>i_b_Ca</ci>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Stim</ci>
<ci>Istim</ci>
</apply>
</math>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="Istim"/>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_cm2" name="g_Na" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E_mh"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_c"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="m"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="h"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_mh</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.12</cn>
<ci>K_c</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.12</cn>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Na</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>m</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>h</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_mh</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_m_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="m" initial_value="0.076"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_m"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_m"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="delta_m" initial_value="1e-5"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E0_m"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">41</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">2000</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
</apply>
<ci>delta_m</ci>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">200</cn>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">8000</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.056</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">66</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_h_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="h" initial_value="0.015"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_h"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_h"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">20</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.125</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">2000</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">320</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_to"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_cm2" name="g_to" initial_value="0.01"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="g_to_s" initial_value="0"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_c"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_c</ci>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_to</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_to</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>g_to_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>g_to_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>r</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current_r_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r" initial_value="0"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">333</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current_s_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s" initial_value="1"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_s"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_s"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">0.033</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">17</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_s</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">33</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.125</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_s</ci>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_potassium_pump">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="nanoA" name="i_NaK_max" initial_value="0.14"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mK" initial_value="1"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mNa" initial_value="40"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_c"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK_max</ci>
<ci>K_c</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mK</ci>
<ci>K_c</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mNa</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_background_current">
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_b_Na"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_cm2" name="g_b_Na" initial_value="0.00012"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_b_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_b_Na</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_background_current">
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_Ca"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_b_Ca"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_cm2" name="g_b_Ca" initial_value="5e-5"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5</cn>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_b_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_b_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Na_Ca_exchanger">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="k_NaCa" initial_value="0.0001"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="n_NaCa" initial_value="3"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="d_NaCa" initial_value="0.0001"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.0069</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="potassium_background_current">
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_b_K"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_cm2" name="g_b_K" initial_value="0.0017"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_c"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_b_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_b_K</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="time_independent_potassium_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_cm2" name="g_K1" initial_value="0.017"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_m_K1" initial_value="10"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_c"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K1</ci>
<ci>K_c</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_c</ci>
<ci>K_m_K1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_calcium_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_L"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_L_Ca"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_L_K"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_L_Na"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_Ca_L" initial_value="0.05"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_c"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="d"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f_Ca"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="CaChon"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>CaChon</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">100</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.002</cn>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>CaChon</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_c</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.01</cn>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>CaChon</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_calcium_current_d_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="d" initial_value="0.0011"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_d"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_d"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E0_d"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">19</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_d</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">120</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">0.0001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">30</cn>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_d</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">120</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">0.0001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">12</cn>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_d</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_d</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_calcium_current_f_Ca_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f_Ca" initial_value="0.785"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_f_Ca"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_f_Ca"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="CaChoff"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="CaChon"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E0_f"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">34</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_f_Ca</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">25</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">0.0001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">6.25</cn>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_f_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">12</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">120</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<ci>CaChoff</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>CaChoff</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>beta_f_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_f_Ca</ci>
<ci>f_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>CaChoff</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.001</cn>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>CaChon</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>CaChoff</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="i_up"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="K_1"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="K_2"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_cyca" initial_value="0.0003"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_xcs" initial_value="0.4"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="K_srca" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_up" initial_value="3"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_up" initial_value="0.23"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_up"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K_1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_cyca</ci>
<ci>K_xcs</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_srca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K_2</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
<ci>K_1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_cyca</ci>
<ci>K_xcs</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_cyca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_up</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>K_2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>alpha_up</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
<ci>K_1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>beta_up</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_release">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="i_rel"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="VoltDep"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="RegBindSite"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="ActRate"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="InactRate"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="K_leak_rate" initial_value="0"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="K_m_rel" initial_value="250"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="PrecFrac"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="ActFrac" initial_value="0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="ProdFrac" initial_value="0"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_rel"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>PrecFrac</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
</apply>
<ci>ProdFrac</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>VoltDep</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.08</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>RegBindSite</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.0005</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ActRate</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">600</cn>
<ci>VoltDep</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
<ci>RegBindSite</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>InactRate</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">60</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
<ci>RegBindSite</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>PrecFrac</ci>
<ci>ActRate</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<ci>InactRate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ProdFrac</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<ci>InactRate</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">0.6</cn>
<ci>ProdFrac</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>K_m_rel</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_leak_rate</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_translocation">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="i_trans"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_rel"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_up"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_tr" initial_value="50"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_trans</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
<ci>alpha_tr</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="extracellular_sodium_concentration">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_o" initial_value="140"/>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_sodium_concentration">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_i" initial_value="6.48"/>
<variable units="microlitre" public_interface="in" name="V_i"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_b_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
<ci>i_b_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="extracellular_calcium_concentration">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_o" initial_value="2"/>
</component>
<component name="extracellular_potassium_concentration">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_c" initial_value="4"/>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_potassium_concentration">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_i" initial_value="140"/>
<variable units="microlitre" public_interface="in" name="V_i"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L_K"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_to"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_b_K"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K</ci>
<ci>i_to</ci>
<ci>i_b_K</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_calcium_concentration">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_i" initial_value="1e-5"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_up" initial_value="0.3"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_rel" initial_value="0.3"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ca_Calmod" initial_value="0.0005"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ca_Trop" initial_value="0.0015"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Calmod" initial_value="0.02"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Trop" initial_value="0.15"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_Calmod" initial_value="100000"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_Calmod" initial_value="50"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_Trop" initial_value="100000"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_Trop" initial_value="200"/>
<variable units="micrometre" name="radius" initial_value="10"/>
<variable units="micrometre" name="length" initial_value="80"/>
<variable units="microlitre" public_interface="out" name="V_i"/>
<variable units="microlitre" name="V_Cell"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="V_i_ratio"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="V_rel_ratio" initial_value="0.1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="V_e_ratio" initial_value="0.4"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="V_up_ratio" initial_value="0.01"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="i_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="i_trans"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="i_rel"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L_Ca"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_b_Ca"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_Cell</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3.141592654</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>radius</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1000</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>length</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1000</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V_e_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_up_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_rel_ratio</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_Cell</ci>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca</ci>
<ci>i_b_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
<ci>V_rel_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>dCa_Calmod_dtime</ci>
</apply>
<ci>dCa_Trop_dtime</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_up</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
<ci>V_up_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_up</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_trans</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>V_up_ratio</ci>
<ci>V_rel_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_trans</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>dCa_Calmod_dtime</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>dCa_Trop_dtime</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="dCa_Calmod_dtime"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="dCa_Trop_dtime"/>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="membrane">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
<component_ref component="potassium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_s_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_r_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_calcium_current">
<component_ref component="L_type_calcium_current_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_calcium_current_f_Ca_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_release"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_translocation"/>
<component_ref component="extracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="extracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="extracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_r_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_s_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_calcium_current">
<component_ref component="L_type_calcium_current_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_calcium_current_f_Ca_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration" component_1="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration" component_1="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration" component_1="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="potassium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="transient_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="L_type_calcium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="calcium_release"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="calcium_translocation"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="transient_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_to" variable_1="i_to"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_b_Na" variable_1="i_b_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_b_Ca" variable_1="i_b_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="potassium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_b_K" variable_1="i_b_K"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="L_type_calcium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L" variable_1="i_Ca_L"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="calcium_release"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="extracellular_sodium_concentration" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="extracellular_potassium_concentration" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_c" variable_1="K_c"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="extracellular_potassium_concentration" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_c" variable_1="K_c"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Na_Ca_exchanger" component_1="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Na_Ca_exchanger" component_1="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Na_Ca_exchanger" component_1="extracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Na_Ca_exchanger" component_1="extracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_o" variable_1="Ca_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration" component_1="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_b_Na" variable_1="i_b_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="extracellular_sodium_concentration" component_1="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration" component_1="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_b_Ca" variable_1="i_b_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="extracellular_calcium_concentration" component_1="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_o" variable_1="Ca_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration" component_1="potassium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_b_K" variable_1="i_b_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="extracellular_potassium_concentration" component_1="potassium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_c" variable_1="K_c"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="extracellular_potassium_concentration" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_c" variable_1="K_c"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration" component_1="L_type_calcium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L_Na" variable_1="i_Ca_L_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="extracellular_sodium_concentration" component_1="L_type_calcium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration" component_1="L_type_calcium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L_Ca" variable_1="i_Ca_L_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="extracellular_calcium_concentration" component_1="L_type_calcium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_o" variable_1="Ca_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="extracellular_potassium_concentration" component_1="L_type_calcium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_c" variable_1="K_c"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration" component_1="L_type_calcium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L_K" variable_1="i_Ca_L_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="extracellular_potassium_concentration" component_1="transient_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_c" variable_1="K_c"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration" component_1="transient_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_to" variable_1="i_to"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="potassium_background_current" component_1="transient_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="time_independent_potassium_current" component_1="transient_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration" component_1="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_up" variable_1="i_up"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_up" variable_1="Ca_up"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration" component_1="calcium_release"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_rel" variable_1="Ca_rel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_rel" variable_1="i_rel"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration" component_1="calcium_translocation"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_up" variable_1="Ca_up"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_rel" variable_1="Ca_rel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_trans" variable_1="i_trans"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration" component_1="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V_i" variable_1="V_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration" component_1="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V_i" variable_1="V_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_m_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="m" variable_1="m"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_h_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="h" variable_1="h"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_calcium_current_d_gate" component_1="L_type_calcium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="d" variable_1="d"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_calcium_current_f_Ca_gate" component_1="L_type_calcium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="f_Ca" variable_1="f_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CaChon" variable_1="CaChon"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_current_r_gate" component_1="transient_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="r" variable_1="r"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_current_s_gate" component_1="transient_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="s" variable_1="s"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#citationAuthorsSeq"/>
<rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#f373f68b-d157-4abf-9620-77762e07d121">
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#c871bcb2-c5c2-40e3-8a61-5b6c746fb513"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#f2b8ffab-f9fe-482e-939d-302c3a7b46eb"/>
</rdf:Seq>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#73085523-53b0-47f0-8b85-eb4aa5f8993a">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2006-02-28</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#34186b2a-5fc1-419f-b648-f63a2e527518">
<vCard:Given>Penny</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Noble</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a9e22d41-22a0-4560-ac59-5afce2fdf4ee">
<dc:title>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</dc:title>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c871bcb2-c5c2-40e3-8a61-5b6c746fb513">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#58b9557b-0135-4a22-8150-62540053ef54"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$0kWzg1">
<ns7:endingValue>1</ns7:endingValue>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#0e1dbabb-3876-4f83-b894-5db60ea02b74">
<vCard:Given>Peter</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Villiger</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>J</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ac2d2d1a-b3ff-4a69-858c-79846b9b4056">
<vCard:FN/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f2b8ffab-f9fe-482e-939d-302c3a7b46eb">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#a02bed34-7a4a-4988-8f2f-59feb13e8d6c"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#earm_noble_1990_version01">
<ns7:simulation rdf:resource="rdf:#$FsoXk1"/>
<bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#2cd800cb-d7cc-4660-ac19-375318be5d7f"/>
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#f85be32f-2746-4bba-8218-be5bbc4aa8df"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author2VcardN">
<vCard:Given>D</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Noble</vCard:Family>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#dec6d4b7-3f39-4ea2-a7eb-5eb606e02308">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#f373f68b-d157-4abf-9620-77762e07d121"/>
<dc:title>A Model of the Single Atrial Cell: Relation between Calcium Current and Calcium Release</dc:title>
<bqs:volume>240</bqs:volume>
<bqs:first_page>83</bqs:first_page>
<bqs:Journal rdf:resource="rdf:#a9e22d41-22a0-4560-ac59-5afce2fdf4ee"/>
<dcterms:issued rdf:resource="rdf:#a34a583a-6e89-4923-8225-c596bc298427"/>
<bqs:last_page>96</bqs:last_page>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author1Vcard">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#author1VcardN"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$HsoXk1">
<ns7:endingValue>1</ns7:endingValue>
<ns7:maximumStepSize>0.001</ns7:maximumStepSize>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#58b9557b-0135-4a22-8150-62540053ef54">
<vCard:Given>Y</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Earm</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>E</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author2Vcard">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#author2VcardN"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a02bed34-7a4a-4988-8f2f-59feb13e8d6c">
<vCard:Given>D</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Noble</vCard:Family>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c2b6cccb-166c-4217-8fc5-b585e73c961c">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#644afe77-3b29-4722-8ea5-f3942e1396d3"/>
<rdf:value/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2c610b80-bd3e-465c-90a0-7a803bd27be9">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2006-03-31</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$FsoXk1">
<ns7:boundIntervals rdf:resource="rdf:#$GsoXk1"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4f5b0c60-fcfa-4c2a-bd74-d5ec39dadc83">
<vCard:Orgname>Oxford University</vCard:Orgname>
<vCard:Orgunit/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#644afe77-3b29-4722-8ea5-f3942e1396d3">
<vCard:FN/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f85be32f-2746-4bba-8218-be5bbc4aa8df">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#ac2d2d1a-b3ff-4a69-858c-79846b9b4056"/>
<rdf:value/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#earm_noble_1990_version02">
<ns7:simulation rdf:resource="rdf:#$.jWzg1"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$+jWzg1">
<rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
<rdf:first rdf:resource="rdf:#$0kWzg1"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$GsoXk1">
<rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
<rdf:first rdf:resource="rdf:#$HsoXk1"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="">
<dc:publisher/>
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#c2b6cccb-166c-4217-8fc5-b585e73c961c"/>
<dcterms:created rdf:resource="rdf:#73085523-53b0-47f0-8b85-eb4aa5f8993a"/>
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#a8f2ca20-df23-4b8a-a977-27ffda314a9b"/>
<cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#5a91d7bf-e646-4312-8d32-7291f63016d6"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$.jWzg1">
<ns7:boundIntervals rdf:resource="rdf:#$+jWzg1"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author1VcardN">
<vCard:Given>Y</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Earm</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>E</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f250db01-78f1-4b4e-9c0d-eb8bd5bca273">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/>
<rdf:value>penny.noble@physiol.ox.ac.uk</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a34a583a-6e89-4923-8225-c596bc298427">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>1990-01-01</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#356050df-36c5-43d8-a8e5-74e4146c75f5">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#0e1dbabb-3876-4f83-b894-5db60ea02b74"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5a91d7bf-e646-4312-8d32-7291f63016d6">
<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#2c610b80-bd3e-465c-90a0-7a803bd27be9"/>
<rdf:value>added metadata</rdf:value>
<cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#356050df-36c5-43d8-a8e5-74e4146c75f5"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2cd800cb-d7cc-4660-ac19-375318be5d7f">
<bqs:Pubmed_id>1972993</bqs:Pubmed_id>
<bqs:JournalArticle rdf:resource="rdf:#dec6d4b7-3f39-4ea2-a7eb-5eb606e02308"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a8f2ca20-df23-4b8a-a977-27ffda314a9b">
<vCard:ORG rdf:resource="rdf:#4f5b0c60-fcfa-4c2a-bd74-d5ec39dadc83"/>
<vCard:EMAIL rdf:resource="rdf:#f250db01-78f1-4b4e-9c0d-eb8bd5bca273"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#34186b2a-5fc1-419f-b648-f63a2e527518"/>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</model>
