- Author:
- Catherine Lloyd <c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz>
- Date:
- 2010-07-14 05:26:33+12:00
- Desc:
- Model changed to one which is at steady state.
- Permanent Source URI:
- http://models.cellml.org/workspace/luo_rudy_1991/rawfile/88c466ea509fa9d83741b89def0bdb4208c3fde7/luo_rudy_1991.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!--
This CellML file was generated on 06/11/2007 at 17:08:44 using:
COR (0.9.31.807)
Copyright 2002-2007 Dr Alan Garny
http://COR.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - COR@physiol.ox.ac.uk
CellML 1.0 was used to generate this cellular model
http://www.CellML.org/
-->
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<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Luo-Rudy Mammalian Ventricular Model I 1991</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This model has been curated and unit checked and is known to replicate the published results in OpenCell and COR.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
In 1991, Ching-hsing Luo and Yoram Rudy published a mathematical model of the ventricular cardiac action potential. This original model is the first of the two Luo-Rudy models, and it has subsequently come to be known as the Luo-Rudy I model. It is a significant update of the Beeler-Reuter mammalian ventricular model (1977) (see the figure below), and like the the Beeler-Reuter model, the Luo-Rudy I model uses Hodgkin-Huxley type equations to calculate ionic currents.
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
A Model of the Ventricular Cardiac Action Potential - Depolarisation, Repolarisation and Their Interaction, Ching-hsing Luo and Yoram Rudy, 1991 <emphasis>Circulation Research</emphasis>, 68, 1501-1526. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1709839&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 1709839</ulink>
</para>
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<caption>A schematic diagram describing the current flows across the cell membrane that are captured in the LR-I model.</caption>
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</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_inward_current_f_gate">
<variable name="f" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.999967936476325" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_f" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="beta_f" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="millisecond" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_f</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.012</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.008</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">28</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.15</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">28</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_f</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.0065</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.02</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_f</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_f</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="time_dependent_potassium_current">
<variable name="i_K" units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_K" units="milliS_per_cm2"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="PR_NaK" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.01833"/>
<variable name="time" units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="X" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Xi" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="milliS_per_cm2">0.282</cn>
<apply>
<root/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">5.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>PR_NaK</ci>
<ci>Nao</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ki</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>PR_NaK</ci>
<ci>Nai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K</ci>
<ci>X</ci>
<ci>Xi</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="time_dependent_potassium_current_X_gate">
<variable name="X" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.0417603108167287" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_X" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="beta_X" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="millisecond" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_X</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.0005</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.083</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.057</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_X</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.0013</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.06</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.04</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>X</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_X</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>X</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_X</ci>
<ci>X</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="time_dependent_potassium_current_Xi_gate">
<variable name="Xi" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="millisecond" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Xi</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">2.837</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.04</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">77</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">77</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.04</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">35</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">100</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="time_independent_potassium_current">
<variable name="i_K1" units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="E_K1" units="millivolt" public_interface="out" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_K1" units="milliS_per_cm2"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="K1_infinity" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_K1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="milliS_per_cm2">0.6047</cn>
<apply>
<root/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">5.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_K1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<ci>Ki</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K1</ci>
<ci>K1_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate">
<variable name="K1_infinity" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_K1" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="beta_K1" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E_K1" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_K1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond">1.02</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.2385</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K1</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">59.215</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_K1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.49124</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.08032</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.476</cn>
</apply>
<ci>E_K1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.06175</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>E_K1</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">594.31</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.5143</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K1</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">4.753</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K1_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>alpha_K1</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_K1</ci>
<ci>beta_K1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="plateau_potassium_current">
<variable name="i_Kp" units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="E_Kp" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="g_Kp" units="milliS_per_cm2" initial_value="0.0183"/>
<variable name="Kp" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E_K1" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_Kp</ci>
<ci>E_K1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Kp</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7.488</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.98</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kp</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kp</ci>
<ci>Kp</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Kp</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="background_current">
<variable name="i_b" units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="E_b" units="millivolt" initial_value="-59.87"/>
<variable name="g_b" units="milliS_per_cm2" initial_value="0.03921"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_b</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_b</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_b</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ionic_concentrations">
<variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" initial_value="140" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" initial_value="18" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" initial_value="145" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" initial_value="5.4" public_interface="out"/>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_calcium_concentration">
<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.00017948816388306" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="time" units="millisecond" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_si" units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_1000_centimetre">0.0001</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="coulomb_per_mole">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>i_si</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.07</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.0001</cn>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="membrane">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_inward_current">
<component_ref component="slow_inward_current_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="slow_inward_current_f_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_dependent_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="time_dependent_potassium_current_X_gate"/>
<component_ref component="time_dependent_potassium_current_Xi_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="plateau_potassium_current"/>
<component_ref component="background_current"/>
<component_ref component="ionic_concentrations"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_inward_current">
<component_ref component="slow_inward_current_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="slow_inward_current_f_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_dependent_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="time_dependent_potassium_current_X_gate"/>
<component_ref component="time_dependent_potassium_current_Xi_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="slow_inward_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_dependent_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_calcium_concentration" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Na" variable_2="i_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="slow_inward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_si" variable_2="i_si"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="time_dependent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K" variable_2="i_K"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K1" variable_2="i_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="plateau_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kp" variable_2="i_Kp"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_b" variable_2="i_b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="slow_inward_current" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_si" variable_2="i_si"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_dependent_potassium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ki" variable_2="Ki"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="plateau_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K1" variable_2="E_K1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ki" variable_2="Ki"/>
</connection>
<connection>
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