BG_cAMP

About this model

This is a bond-graph model of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and adenylyl cyclase (AC) metabolism in the cardiac cell.

INPUTS:
  • ATP stimulus
OUTPUTS:
  • Change in molar amounts of AC, cAMP
REACTIONS:
  • Re1: Conversion of ATP into cAMP via AC
  • Re2: Conversion of ATP into cAMP via the activated alpha unit of the Gs protein bound by AC (GsαGTP:AC)
  • Re3: Conversion of ATP into cAMP via the forskolin-AC complex (FSK:AC)
  • Re4: Cleavage of cAMP into 5'AMP via a phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  • Re5: Inhibition of PDE by IBMX
  • Re6: Binding of GsαGTP to AC
  • Re7: Binding of FSK to AC
  • Re8: Inhibition of AC by the activated alpha unit of the Gi protein (GiαGTP)

Model status

The current CellML implementation runs in OpenCOR.

Model overview

This model is made from an existing kinetic model, where the mathematics are translated into the bond-graph formalism. This describes the model in energetic terms and forces adherence to the laws of thermodynamics.

Most reactions follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics, where an intermediate complex is made before the final product is created (e.g. Re:1a and Re:1b). All other reactions (Re5-8) follow classical mass-action kinetics.

For the following figure, all enzymes of a given reaction are shown in maroon.

BG cAMP

Fig. 1. Bond-graph formulation of the cAMP network


For the above bond-graphs, a '0' node refers to a junction where all chemical potentials are the same. A '1' node refers to all fluxes being the same going in and out of the junction.

List of abbreviations
Abbreviation Name
AC Adenylyl cyclase
ACinh Inactivated variant of adenylyl cyclase
ATP Adenosine triphosphate
cAMP cyclic AMP
FSK forskolin
Giα alpha subunit of the Gi protein
Gsα alpha subunit of the Gs protein
IBMX 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
PDE phosphodiesterase
PDEinh Inactivated variant of phosphodiesterase
PPi pyrophosphate

Parameter finding

A description of the process to find bond-graph parameters is shown in the folder parameter_finder, which relies on the:

  1. stoichiometry of system
  2. kinetic constants for forward/reverse reactions
  • If not already, all reactions are made reversible by assigning a small value to the reverse direction.
  1. linear algebra script.

Here, this solve process is performed in Python.

Original kinetic model

This bond-graph network is largely based on cAMP metabolism of Saucerman et al: Modeling beta-adrenergic control of cardiac myocyte contractility in silico.

Source
Derived from workspace BG_cAMP at changeset 2c9e21d94212.
Collaboration
To begin collaborating on this work, please use your git client and issue this command: