Rendering of the source text

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				<title>Calcium and Glycolysis Mediate Multiple Bursting Modes in Pancreatic Islets</title>
				<author>
					<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
					<surname>Lloyd</surname>
					<affiliation>
						<shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
					</affiliation>
				</author>
			</articleinfo>
			<section id="sec_status">
				<title>Model Status</title>
				<para>
This model has been rebuilt and coded by translating the authors original XPPAUT.ode file, which can be found at http://www.math.fsu.edu/~bertram/software/islet/BJ_04a.ode. This file runs in PCEnv and COR and produces the expected output.  This model has been parameterised for the 'glycolytic bursting' model. Some equations have inconsistent magnitudes due to the fact that time is defined in milliseconds, yet flux is defined in micromolar per second.
</para>
				
			</section>
			<sect1 id="sec_structure">
				<title>Model Structure</title>
				<para>
ABSTRACT: Pancreatic islets of Langerhans produce bursts of electrical activity when exposed to stimulatory glucose levels. These bursts often have a regular repeating pattern, with a period of 10-60 s. In some cases, however, the bursts are episodic, clustered into bursts of bursts, which we call compound bursting. Consistent with this are recordings of free Ca2+ concentration, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential, and intraislet glucose levels that exhibit very slow oscillations, with faster oscillations superimposed. We describe a new mathematical model of the pancreatic beta-cell that can account for these multimodal patterns. The model includes the feedback of cytosolic Ca2+ onto ion channels that can account for bursting, and a metabolic subsystem that is capable of producing slow oscillations driven by oscillations in glycolysis. This slow rhythm is responsible for the slow mode of compound bursting in the model. We also show that it is possible for glycolytic oscillations alone to drive a very slow form of bursting, which we call "glycolytic bursting." Finally, the model predicts that there is bistability between stationary and oscillatory glycolysis for a range of parameter values. We provide experimental support for this model prediction. Overall, the model can account for a diversity of islet behaviors described in the literature over the past 20 years.
</para>
				<para>
Calcium and Glycolysis Mediate Multiple Bursting Modes in Pancreatic Islets, Richard Bertram, Leslie Satin, Min Zhang, Paul Smolen, and Arthur Sherman, 2004,
            <emphasis>Biophysical Journal</emphasis>, 87, 3074-3087. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=15347584&amp;dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 15347584</ulink>
				</para>
				<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
					<mediaobject>
						<imageobject>
							<objectinfo>
								<title>cell diagram</title>
							</objectinfo>
							<imagedata fileref="bertram_2004.png"/>
						</imageobject>
					</mediaobject>
					<caption>A schematic diagram of the ionic currents and fluxes across the ER and the cell surface membranes which are described by the mathematical model.</caption>
				</informalfigure>
			</sect1>
		</article>
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                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>k3</ci>
                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">1</cn>
                              </apply>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>topa3</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>topa2</ci>
                              <ci>weight3</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>bottom3</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>bottom2</ci>
                              <ci>weight3</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="0011">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>weight4</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                    <power/>
                                    <apply>
                                          <times/>
                                          <ci>f6p</ci>
                                          <ci>atp</ci>
                                    </apply>
                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>fatp</ci>
                                    <ci>k3</ci>
                                    <ci>k4</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                          <power/>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">1</cn>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    </apply>
                              </apply>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>topa4</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>topa3</ci>
                              <ci>weight4</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>bottom4</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>bottom3</ci>
                              <ci>weight4</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="0100">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>weight5</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <ci>fbp</ci>
                              <ci>k2</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>topa5</ci>
                        <ci>topa4</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>bottom5</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>bottom4</ci>
                              <ci>weight5</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="0101">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>weight6</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>fbp</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                          <power/>
                                          <ci>atp</ci>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>k2</ci>
                                    <ci>k4</ci>
                                    <ci>fbt</ci>
                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">1</cn>
                              </apply>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>topa6</ci>
                        <ci>topa5</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>bottom6</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>bottom5</ci>
                              <ci>weight6</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="0110">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>weight7</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>fbp</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                          <power/>
                                          <ci>f6p</ci>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>k2</ci>
                                    <ci>k3</ci>
                                    <ci>ffbp</ci>
                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">1</cn>
                              </apply>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>topa7</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>topa6</ci>
                              <ci>weight7</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>bottom7</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>bottom6</ci>
                              <ci>weight7</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="0111">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>weight8</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>fbp</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                          <power/>
                                          <ci>f6p</ci>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                    <apply>
                                          <power/>
                                          <ci>atp</ci>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>k2</ci>
                                    <ci>k3</ci>
                                    <ci>k4</ci>
                                    <ci>ffbp</ci>
                                    <ci>fbt</ci>
                                    <ci>fatp</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                          <power/>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">1</cn>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    </apply>
                              </apply>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>topa8</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>topa7</ci>
                              <ci>weight8</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>bottom8</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>bottom7</ci>
                              <ci>weight8</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="1000">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>weight9</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <ci>amp</ci>
                              <ci>k1</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>topa9</ci>
                        <ci>topa8</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>bottom9</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>bottom8</ci>
                              <ci>weight9</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="1001">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>weight10</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>amp</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                          <power/>
                                          <ci>atp</ci>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>k1</ci>
                                    <ci>k4</ci>
                                    <ci>fmt</ci>
                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">1</cn>
                              </apply>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>topa10</ci>
                        <ci>topa9</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>bottom10</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>bottom9</ci>
                              <ci>weight10</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="1010">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>weight11</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>amp</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                          <power/>
                                          <ci>f6p</ci>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>k1</ci>
                                    <ci>k3</ci>
                                    <ci>famp</ci>
                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">1</cn>
                              </apply>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>topa11</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>topa10</ci>
                              <ci>weight11</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>bottom11</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>bottom10</ci>
                              <ci>weight11</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="1011">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>weight12</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>amp</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                          <power/>
                                          <ci>f6p</ci>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                    <apply>
                                          <power/>
                                          <ci>atp</ci>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>k1</ci>
                                    <ci>k3</ci>
                                    <ci>k4</ci>
                                    <ci>famp</ci>
                                    <ci>fmt</ci>
                                    <ci>fatp</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                          <power/>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">1</cn>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    </apply>
                              </apply>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>topa12</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>topa11</ci>
                              <ci>weight12</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>bottom12</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>bottom11</ci>
                              <ci>weight12</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="1100">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>weight13</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>amp</ci>
                                    <ci>fbp</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>k1</ci>
                                    <ci>k2</ci>
                              </apply>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>topa13</ci>
                        <ci>topa12</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>bottom13</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>bottom12</ci>
                              <ci>weight13</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="1101">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>weight14</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>amp</ci>
                                    <ci>fbp</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                          <power/>
                                          <ci>atp</ci>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>k1</ci>
                                    <ci>k2</ci>
                                    <ci>k4</ci>
                                    <ci>fbt</ci>
                                    <ci>fmt</ci>
                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">1</cn>
                              </apply>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>topa14</ci>
                        <ci>topa13</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>bottom14</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>bottom13</ci>
                              <ci>weight14</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="1110">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>weight15</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>amp</ci>
                                    <ci>fbp</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                          <power/>
                                          <ci>f6p</ci>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>k1</ci>
                                    <ci>k2</ci>
                                    <ci>k3</ci>
                                    <ci>ffbp</ci>
                                    <ci>famp</ci>
                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">1</cn>
                              </apply>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>topa15</ci>
                        <ci>topa14</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>bottom15</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>bottom14</ci>
                              <ci>weight15</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>topb</ci>
                        <ci>weight15</ci>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="1111">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>weight16</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>amp</ci>
                                    <ci>fbp</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                          <power/>
                                          <ci>f6p</ci>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                    <apply>
                                          <power/>
                                          <ci>atp</ci>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>k1</ci>
                                    <ci>k2</ci>
                                    <ci>k3</ci>
                                    <ci>k4</ci>
                                    <ci>ffbp</ci>
                                    <ci>famp</ci>
                                    <ci>fbt</ci>
                                    <ci>fmt</ci>
                                    <ci>fatp</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                          <power/>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">1</cn>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    </apply>
                              </apply>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>topa16</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>topa15</ci>
                              <ci>weight16</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>bottom16</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>bottom15</ci>
                              <ci>weight16</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <variable name="topb" units="dimensionless"/>
            <variable name="fbp" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
            <variable name="amp" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
      </component>
      <component name="KATP">
            <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
            <variable cmeta:id="KATP_mgadp" name="mgadp" units="micromolar"/>
            <variable cmeta:id="KATP_adp3m" name="adp3m" units="micromolar"/>
            <variable cmeta:id="KATP_atp4m" name="atp4m" units="micromolar"/>
            <variable name="topo" units="dimensionless"/>
            <variable name="bottomo" units="dimensionless"/>
            <variable name="katpo" units="dimensionless"/>
            <variable cmeta:id="KATP_IKATP" name="IKATP" public_interface="out" units="femtoA"/>
            <variable initial_value="-75" name="VK" public_interface="out" units="millivolt"/>
            <variable initial_value="27000" name="gkatpbar" units="picoS"/>
            <variable name="atp" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
            <variable name="adp" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
            <variable initial_value="17" name="kdd" units="dimensionless"/>
            <variable initial_value="26" name="ktd" units="dimensionless"/>
            <variable initial_value="1" name="ktt" units="dimensionless"/>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="mgadp">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>mgadp</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.165</cn>
                              <ci>adp</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="adp3m">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>adp3m</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.135</cn>
                              <ci>adp</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="atp4m">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>atp4m</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.05</cn>
                              <ci>atp</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="topo">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>topo</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.08</cn>
                                    <apply>
                                          <plus/>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                                          <apply>
                                                <divide/>
                                                <apply>
                                                      <times/>
                                                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                                      <ci>mgadp</ci>
                                                </apply>
                                                <apply>
                                                      <times/>
                                                      <ci>kdd</ci>
                                                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">1</cn>
                                                </apply>
                                          </apply>
                                    </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.89</cn>
                                    <apply>
                                          <power/>
                                          <apply>
                                                <divide/>
                                                <ci>mgadp</ci>
                                                <apply>
                                                      <times/>
                                                      <ci>kdd</ci>
                                                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">1</cn>
                                                </apply>
                                          </apply>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    </apply>
                              </apply>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="bottomo">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>bottomo</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                    <power/>
                                    <apply>
                                          <plus/>
                                          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                                          <apply>
                                                <divide/>
                                                <ci>mgadp</ci>
                                                <apply>
                                                      <times/>
                                                      <ci>kdd</ci>
                                                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">1</cn>
                                                </apply>
                                          </apply>
                                    </apply>
                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                    <plus/>
                                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                                    <apply>
                                          <divide/>
                                          <ci>adp3m</ci>
                                          <apply>
                                                <times/>
                                                <ci>ktd</ci>
                                                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">1</cn>
                                          </apply>
                                    </apply>
                                    <apply>
                                          <divide/>
                                          <ci>atp4m</ci>
                                          <apply>
                                                <times/>
                                                <ci>ktt</ci>
                                                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micromolar">1</cn>
                                          </apply>
                                    </apply>
                              </apply>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="katpo">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>katpo</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <ci>topo</ci>
                              <ci>bottomo</ci>
                        </apply>
                  </apply>
            </math>
            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="ikatp">
                  <apply>
                        <eq/>
                        <ci>IKATP</ci>
                        <apply>
                              <times/>
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                  <rdf:value>This model has been rebuilt and coded by translating the authors original XPPAUT .ode file, which can be found at http://www.math.fsu.edu/~bertram/software/islet/BJ_04a.ode . This file runs in PCEnv and produces the output expected, however PCEnv is only able to produce one cycle of bursting. This is a pending issue.</rdf:value>
            </rdf:Description>
            <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#14dadf03-865e-4d67-b899-ae96ea46b7f2">
                  <vCard:Given xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Arthur</vCard:Given>
                  <vCard:Family xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Sherman</vCard:Family>
            </rdf:Description>
            <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#12e153ad-1990-4f94-ade8-e8c10de52b42">
                  <vCard:FN xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">James Lawson</vCard:FN>
            </rdf:Description>
            <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f456757a-25b7-4e82-afc9-6b23d3a46d54">
                  <vCard:Given xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Catherine</vCard:Given>
                  <vCard:Family xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Lloyd</vCard:Family>
                  <vCard:Other xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">May</vCard:Other>
            </rdf:Description>
            <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#0305ce0e-935d-4bb0-897d-9b62c9ba0a78">
                  <vCard:FN xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
            </rdf:Description>
      </rdf:RDF>
</model>