Rendering of the source text

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!--  FILE :  puglisi_bers_model_2001.xml

CREATED :  31st January 2002

LAST MODIFIED : 5th June 2003

AUTHOR :  Catherine Lloyd
          Department of Engineering Science
          The University of Auckland
          
MODEL STATUS :  This model conforms to the CellML 1.0 Specification released on
10th August 2001, and the CellML Metadata 1.0 Specification released on 16th
January, 2002.

DESCRIPTION :  This file contains a CellML description of rabbit ventricular  myocyte ion channels based on the Puglisi and Bers model, 2001.  This model
is a development of the LR-II model. 

CHANGES: 
  25/02/2002 - CML - Corrected several equations.
  27/02/2002 - CML - Corrected initial values and units.
  17/06/2002 - AAC - Changed equation 'i_leak_calcualtion' to
                     'i_leak_calculation'.
  18/07/2002 - CML - Added more metadata. 
  09/04/2003 - AAC - Added publication date information.  
  05/06/2003 - CML - Corrected alpha_j_calculation equation in 
                     fast_sodium_current_j_gate component and removed 
                     I_S_calculation from L_type_Ca_channel component.
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" cmeta:id="puglisi_bers_2001_version01" name="puglisi_bers_2001_version01">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
  <articleinfo>
  <title>An Interactive Computer Model Of Rabbit Ventricular Myocyte Ion Channels and Ca Transport, 2001</title>
  <author>
    <firstname>Catherine</firstname>
          <surname>Lloyd</surname>
    <affiliation>
      <shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
    </affiliation>
  </author>
</articleinfo>
  <section id="sec_status">
    <title>Model Status</title>
    <para>
            This is the original unchecked version of the model imported from the previous
            CellML model repository, 24-Jan-2006.
          </para>
  </section>
  <sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>

<para>
In 2001 Jose Puglisi and Donald Bers published an interactive computer model of rabbit ventricular myocyte ion channels and Ca transport (see the figure below).  An interactive computer program, LabHEART, was developed to simulate the action potential, ionic currents and Ca handling mechanisms in a rabbit ventricular myocyte.  <ulink url="http://www.meddean.luc.edu/templates/ssom/depts/physio/labheart.cfm/">Please click here to download the latest version of LabHeart.</ulink>
</para>

<para>
Since Hodgkin and Huxley published their mathematical model of the squid axon in 1952 several groups have extended this modelling to cardiac ionic currents and action potentials.  Ca also plays an essential role in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling, and the dynamic interplay between the action potential and Ca regulation mechanisms has come to be included in cardiac cell models.
</para>

<para>
Of the many electrophysiological models, Luo and Rudy's dynamic model (1994) has perhaps become the standard, updated with modifications based on experimental data generated by other research groups (for example Zeng, Laurita, Rosenbaum and Rudy (1995), Shaw and Rudy (1997), Viswanathan, Shaw and Rudy (1999) and Faber and Rudy (2000)).  Jose Puglisi and Donald Bers adapted the equations from Luo and Rudy to rabbit ventricular myocytes using values obtained from the literature and from their own laboratory.  The main differences between this model and Luo-Rudy II is the inclusion of a transient outward K current (i_to) and Ca-activated Cl current (i_Cl_Ca), as well as altering the kinetics of the T-type Ca channel (i_Ca_T), the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K current (i_Kr) and the rescaling of several conductances to match results in the rabbit ventricle.
</para>

<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>

<para>
LabHEART: an interactive computer model of rabbit ventricular myocyte ion channels and Ca transport, Jose L. Puglisi and Donald M. Bers, 2001, <ulink url="http://ajpcell.physiology.org/">
            <emphasis>American Journal of Physiology</emphasis>
          </ulink>, 281, C2049-C2060.  <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=11698264&amp;dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 11698264</ulink>
</para>

<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
  <imageobject>
    <objectinfo>
      <title>cell diagram of the Puglisi-Bers ventricular myocyte model showing ionic currents, pumps and exchangers within the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum</title>
    </objectinfo>
    <imagedata fileref="puglisi_bers_2001.png"/>
  </imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A schematic diagram describing the current flows across the cell membrane that are captured in the Puglisi-Bers rabbit ventricular myocyte model.</caption>
</informalfigure>

<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cellml_rendering">
<mediaobject>
  <imageobject>
    <objectinfo>
      <title>the cellml rendering of the Puglisi-Bers model</title>
    </objectinfo>
    <imagedata fileref="cellml_rendering.gif"/>
  </imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>The network defined in the CellML description of the Puglisi-Bers model. A key describing the significance of the shapes of the components and the colours of the connections between them is in the <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_GRAPHICAL_NOTATION}">notation guide</ulink>.  For simplicity, not all the variables are shown.</caption>
</informalfigure>

</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
  
  
  <!--
    Below, we define some additional units for association with variables and
    constants within the model. The identifiers are fairly self-explanatory.
  -->
  <units name="millisecond">
    <unit units="second" prefix="milli"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="per_millisecond">
    <unit units="second" prefix="milli" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>

  <units name="millivolt">
    <unit units="volt" prefix="milli"/>
  </units>

  <units name="per_millivolt">
    <unit units="volt" prefix="milli" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="per_millivolt_millisecond">
    <unit units="millivolt" exponent="-1"/>
    <unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="milliS_per_microF">
    <unit units="siemens" prefix="milli"/>
    <unit units="farad" prefix="micro" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="microF">
    <unit units="farad" prefix="micro"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="microA_per_microF">
    <unit units="ampere" prefix="micro"/>
    <unit units="farad" prefix="micro" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="millimolar_per_millisecond">
    <unit units="mole" prefix="milli"/>
    <unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
    <unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="millimolar">
    <unit units="mole" prefix="milli"/>
    <unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="micromolar">
    <unit units="mole" prefix="micro"/>
    <unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin">
    <unit units="joule" prefix="milli"/>
    <unit units="mole" exponent="-1"/>
    <unit units="kelvin" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="coulomb_per_mole">
    <unit units="coulomb"/>
    <unit units="mole" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="cm_per_second">
    <unit units="metre" prefix="centi"/>
    <unit units="second" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="mm2">
    <unit units="metre" prefix="milli" exponent="2"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="micro_litre">
    <unit units="litre" prefix="micro"/>
  </units>
  
  <!--
    The "environment" component is used to declare variables that are used by
    all or most of the other components, in this case just "time".
  -->
  <component name="environment">
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="out" name="time"/>
  </component>


  <!--
    The "membrane" component is really the `root' node of our model.
    It defines the action potential variable "V" among other things.
  -->
  <component name="membrane">
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="V" initial_value="-84.09"/>
    <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="out" name="R" initial_value="8314.0"/>
    <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="out" name="T" initial_value="310.0"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="out" name="F" initial_value="96845.0"/>
    
    <variable units="microF" name="C" initial_value="1.0"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" name="I_stim" initial_value="-100.0"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_T"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Kr"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ks"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Kp"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_p_Ca"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Na_b"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_b"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_to"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Cl_Ca"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="membrane_voltage_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> V </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> I_stim </ci>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> i_Na </ci>
              <ci> i_Ca_L </ci>
              <ci> i_Ca_T </ci>
              <ci> i_Kr </ci>
              <ci> i_Ks </ci>
              <ci> i_NaCa </ci>
              <ci> i_K1 </ci>
              <ci> i_Kp </ci>
              <ci> i_p_Ca </ci>
              <ci> i_Na_b </ci>
              <ci> i_Ca_b </ci>
              <ci> i_NaK </ci>
              <ci> i_to </ci>
              <ci> i_Cl_Ca </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <ci> C </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  
  <component name="fast_sodium_current">
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Na"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_Na" initial_value="70.54"/>
    
    <variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Na" initial_value="8.0"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="m"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="h"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="j"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
       <apply id="i_Na_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Na </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Na </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <ci> m </ci>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <ci> h </ci>
          <ci> j </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_Na </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
     
  <component name="fast_sodium_current_m_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="m"/>
        
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_m"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_m"/>

    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="alpha_m_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_m </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.32 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 47.13 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.1 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 47.13 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="beta_m_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_m </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.08 </cn>
          <apply>
            <exp/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <ci> V </ci>
              </apply>
              <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 11.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="dm_dt">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> m </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> alpha_m </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <ci> m </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> beta_m </ci>
            <ci> m </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="fast_sodium_current_h_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="h"/>
        
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_h"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_h"/>

     <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="alpha_h_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_h </ci>
        <piecewise>
          <piece>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.135 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 80.0 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -6.8 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <lt/>
              <ci> V </ci> 
              <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -40.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </piece>
          <otherwise>
            <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.0 </cn>
          </otherwise>
        </piecewise>
      </apply>
        
      <apply id="beta_h_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_h </ci>
        <piecewise>
          <piece>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 3.56 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 0.079 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 310000.0 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.35 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <lt/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -40.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </piece>
          <otherwise>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 0.13 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                  <apply>
                    <exp/>
                    <apply>
                      <divide/>
                      <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <apply>
                          <plus/>
                          <ci> V </ci>
                          <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.66 </cn>
                        </apply>
                      </apply>
                      <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 11.1 </cn>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </otherwise>
        </piecewise>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="dh_dt">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> h </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> alpha_h </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <ci> h </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> beta_h </ci>
            <ci> h </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="fast_sodium_current_j_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="j"/>
        
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_j"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_j"/>
    
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="alpha_j_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_j </ci>
        <piecewise>
          <piece>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> -127140.0
</cn>
                  <apply>
                    <exp/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/> 
                      <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.2444 </cn>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.00003474 </cn>
                  <apply>
                    <exp/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.04391 </cn>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 37.78 </cn>
                </apply>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                  <apply>
                    <exp/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.311 </cn>
                      <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci> V </ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 79.23 </cn>
                      </apply>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <lt/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -40.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </piece>
          <otherwise>
            <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.0 </cn>
          </otherwise>
        </piecewise>
      </apply>
       
      <apply id="beta_j_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_j </ci>
        <piecewise>
          <piece>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.1212 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.01052 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.1378 </cn>
                    <apply>
                      <plus/>       
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 40.14 </cn>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <lt/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -40.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </piece>
          <otherwise>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.3 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.0000002535 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>                                                
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.1 </cn>
                    <apply>
                      <plus/>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 32.0 </cn>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>                                                            
          </otherwise> 
        </piecewise>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="dj_dt">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> j </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> alpha_j </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <ci> j </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> beta_j </ci>
            <ci> j </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="L_type_Ca_channel">
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_L"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_CaCa"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_CaK"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_CaNa"/>
    
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" name="I_CaCa"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" name="I_CaK"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" name="I_CaNa"/>
    <variable units="cm_per_second" name="P_Ca" initial_value="0.00054"/>
    <variable units="cm_per_second" name="P_Na" initial_value="0.000000675"/>
    <variable units="cm_per_second" name="P_K" initial_value="0.000000193"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma_Cai" initial_value="1.0"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma_Cao" initial_value="0.34"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma_Nai" initial_value="0.75"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma_Nao" initial_value="0.75"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma_Ki" initial_value="0.75"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma_Ko" initial_value="0.75"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Cai"/>
    <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
    <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cao"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nao"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nai"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ki"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="d"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f_Ca"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">    
     <apply id="i_CaCa_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_CaCa </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> d </ci>
          <ci> f </ci>
          <ci> f_Ca </ci>
          <ci> I_CaCa </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="i_CaNa_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_CaNa </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> d </ci>
          <ci> f </ci>
          <ci> f_Ca </ci>
          <ci> I_CaNa </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="i_CaK_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_CaK </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> d </ci>
          <ci> f </ci>
          <ci> f_Ca </ci>
          <ci> I_CaK </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="I_CaCa_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> I_CaCa </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> P_Ca </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> F </ci>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> gamma_Cai </ci>
                <ci> Cai </ci>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <ci> F </ci>
                    </apply>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci> 
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> gamma_Cao </ci>
                <ci> Cao </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <ci> F </ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <ci> R </ci>
                    <ci> T </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="I_CaNa_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> I_CaNa </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> P_Na </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> F </ci>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> gamma_Nai </ci>
                <ci> Nai </ci>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <ci> F </ci>
                    </apply>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci> 
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> gamma_Nao </ci>
                <ci> Nao </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <ci> F </ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <ci> R </ci>
                    <ci> T </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="I_CaK_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> I_CaK </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> P_K </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> F </ci>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> gamma_Ki </ci>
                <ci> Ki </ci>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <ci> F </ci>
                    </apply>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci> 
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> gamma_Ko </ci>
                <ci> Ko </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <ci> F </ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <ci> R </ci>
                    <ci> T </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
          
      <apply id="i_Ca_L_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Ca_L </ci>
        <apply> <plus/>
          <ci> i_CaCa </ci>
          <ci> i_CaK </ci>
          <ci> i_CaNa </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="d"/> 

    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_d"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_d"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="d_infinity"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_d"/>
    
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="alpha_d_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_d </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci> d_infinity </ci>
          <ci> tau_d </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="d_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> d_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 6.24 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="tau_d_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_d </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> d_infinity </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <plus/>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
                    </apply>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 6.24 </cn>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.035 </cn>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <ci> V </ci>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply> 
      
      <apply id="beta_d_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_d </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <ci> d_infinity </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_d </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="dd_dt">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> d </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> alpha_d </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <ci> d </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> beta_d </ci>
            <ci> d </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f"/> 

    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_f"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_f"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="f_infinity"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_f"/>
    
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
     <apply id="alpha_f_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_f </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci> f_infinity </ci>
          <ci> tau_f </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="f_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> f_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <plus/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 35.06 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 8.6 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.6 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 50.0 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 20.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="tau_f_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_f </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0197 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                    <power/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.0337 </cn>
                      <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci> V </ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
                      </apply>
                    </apply>
                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.02 </cn>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
        
      <apply id="beta_f_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_f </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <ci> f_infinity </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_f </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="df_dt">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> f </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> alpha_f </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <ci> f </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> beta_f </ci>
            <ci> f </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f_Ca"/> 

    <variable units="micromolar" name="Km_Ca" initial_value="0.6"/>
    
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="f_Ca_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> f_Ca </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <power/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <ci> Cai </ci>
                <ci> Km_Ca </ci>
              </apply>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="T_type_Ca_channel" name="T_type_Ca_channel">
    
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_T"/>
    
    <variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Ca_T" initial_value="0.05"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ca"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cao"/>
    <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
    <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
  
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="b"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="g"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">    
      <apply id="i_Ca_T_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Ca_T </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Ca_T </ci>
          <ci> b </ci>
          <ci> g </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_Ca </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="E_Ca_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> E_Ca </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
              <ci> F </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <ln/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Cao </ci>
              <ci> Cai </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="T_type_Ca_channel_b_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="b"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="b_infinity"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_b"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="b_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> b </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> b_infinity </ci>
            <ci> b </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_b </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="b_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> b_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 48.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 6.1 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
       
      <apply id="tau_b_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_b </ci>
        <apply>
          <plus/>
          <cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 0.1 </cn>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 5.4 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 100.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 33.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="T_type_Ca_channel_g_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="g"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="g_infinity"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_g"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="g_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> g </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> g_infinity </ci>
            <ci> g </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_g </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="g_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> g_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 66.0 </cn>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 6.6 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
  
      <apply id="tau_g_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_g </ci>
        <apply>
          <plus/>
          <cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 8.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 32.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 65.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>     
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current">
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Kr"/>
    
    <variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Kr" initial_value="0.035"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" name="E_Kr"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ki"/>
    <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
    <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="Xr"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="Rr"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="g_Kr_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> g_Kr </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn cellml:units="milliS_per_microF"> 0.02612 </cn>
          <apply>
            <root/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Ko </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="micromolar"> 5.4 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>                                                              
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="E_Kr_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> E_Kr </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
            <ci> F </ci>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <ln/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Ko </ci>
              <ci> Ki </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="i_Kr_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Kr </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Kr </ci>
          <ci> Xr </ci>
          <ci> Rr </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_Kr </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current_Xr_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Xr"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="Xr_infinity"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_Xr"/>
   
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="Xr_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Xr </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> Xr_infinity </ci>
            <ci> Xr </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_Xr </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="Xr_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> Xr_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 50.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.5 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
                    
      <apply id="tau_Xr_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_Xr </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.00138 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.123 </cn>
                    <apply>
                      <plus/>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.0 </cn>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.00061 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.145 </cn>
                      <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci> V </ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
                      </apply>
                    </apply>
                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.145 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
            
  <component name="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current_Rr_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Rr"/>

    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="Rr_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> Rr </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 33.0 </cn>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 22.4 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
 
  <component name="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current">
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Ks"/>
    
    <variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Ks"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ks"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="p_Ca" initial_value="0.01833"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="P_NaK" initial_value="0.01833"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ki"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nao"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nai"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
    <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
    <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="Xs"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="g_Ks_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> g_Ks </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.057 </cn>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.19 </cn>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="micromolar"> -7.2 </cn>
                  <ci> p_Ca </ci>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.6 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    
      <apply id="p_Ca_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> p_Ca </ci> 
        <apply>
          <plus/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <apply>
              <log/>
              <ci> Cai </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="E_Ks_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> E_Ks </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
            <ci> F </ci>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <ln/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <ci> Ko </ci>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci> P_NaK </ci>
                  <ci> Nao </ci>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <ci> Ki </ci>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci> P_NaK </ci>
                  <ci> Nai </ci>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>

      <apply id="i_Ks_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Ks </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Ks </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <ci> Xs </ci>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_Ks </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current_Xs_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Xs"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_Xs"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="Xs_infinity"/>
    
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="Xs_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Xs </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> Xs_infinity </ci>
            <ci> Xs </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_Xs </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="Xs_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> Xs_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -1.5 </cn>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 16.7 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="tau_Xs_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_Xs </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0000719 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 30.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.148 </cn>
                    <apply>
                      <plus/>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 30.0 </cn>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.000131 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 30.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0687 </cn>
                    <apply>
                      <plus/>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 30.0 </cn>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="Na_Ca_exchanger">
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_NaCa"/>
    
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" name="K_NaCa" initial_value="2600.0"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" name="K_mNa" initial_value="87.5"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="K_sat" initial_value="0.1"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="eta" initial_value="0.35"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
    <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nai"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nao"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cao"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_mCa"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="Na_Ca_exchanger">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_NaCa </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/> 
          <ci> K_NaCa </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> K_mNa </ci>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> Nao </ci>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> K_mCa </ci>
              <ci> Cao </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> K_sat </ci>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <apply>
                      <minus/>
                      <ci> eta </ci>
                      <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                    </apply>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <apply>
                      <divide/>
                      <ci> F </ci>
                      <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci> R </ci>
                        <ci> T </ci>
                      </apply>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci> eta </ci>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <ci> F </ci>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci>
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> Nai </ci>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
              </apply>
              <ci> Cao </ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <ci> eta </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <ci> F </ci>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci>
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> Nao </ci>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
              </apply>
              <ci> Cai </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
 
  <component name="time_independent_potassium_current">
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_K1"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" private_interface="out" name="E_K1"/>
    
    <variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_K1" initial_value="0.540"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
    <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ki"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="K1_infinity"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="g_K1_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> g_K1 </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn cellml:units="milliS_per_microF"> 0.75 </cn>
          <apply>
            <root/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Ko </ci>
              <cn cellml:units="micromolar"> 5.4 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="E_K1_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> E_K1 </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
            <ci> F </ci>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <ln/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Ko </ci>
              <ci> Ki </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="i_K1_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_K1 </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_K1 </ci>
          <ci> K1_infinity </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>     
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_K1 </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
 
  <component name="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="K1_infinity"/> 
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_K1"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_K1"/>
    
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K1"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="alpha_K1_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_K1 </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 1.02 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.2385 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <ci> E_K1 </ci>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 59.215 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
          
      <apply id="beta_K1_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_K1 </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.49124 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <apply>
                      <plus/>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.476 </cn>
                    </apply>
                    <ci> E_K1 </ci>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 12.45 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> E_K1 </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 594.31 </cn>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 16.2 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.5143 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> E_K1 </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 4.753 </cn>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
          
      <apply id="K1_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> K1_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci> alpha_K1 </ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> alpha_K1 </ci>
            <ci> beta_K1 </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component> 
  
  <component name="plateau_potassium_current">
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Kp"/>
    
    <variable units="millivolt" name="E_Kp"/>
    <variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Kp" initial_value="0.008"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="Kp"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K1"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="E_Kp_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> E_Kp </ci>
        <ci> E_K1 </ci>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="Kp_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> Kp </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.488 </cn>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.98 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply> 
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
              
      <apply id="i_Kp_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Kp </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Kp </ci>
          <ci> Kp </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_Kp </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump">
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_p_Ca"/>
    
    <variable units="micromolar" name="K_mpCa" initial_value="0.5"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" name="I_pCa" initial_value="1.15"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>   
 
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_p_Ca_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_p_Ca </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> I_pCa </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> Cai </ci>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> K_mpCa </ci>
              <ci> Cai </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="sodium_background_current">
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Na_b"/>
    
    <variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Nab" initial_value="0.00141"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" name="E_NaN"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/> 
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> 
      <apply id="E_NaN_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> E_NaN </ci>
        <ci> E_Na </ci>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="i_Na_b_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Na_b </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Nab </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_NaN </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="calcium_background_current">
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_b"/>
    
    <variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Cab" initial_value="0.003016"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" name="E_CaN"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
    <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cao"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="E_CaN_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> E_CaN </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
              <ci> F </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <ln/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Cao </ci>
              <ci> Cai </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="i_Ca_b_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Ca_b </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Cab </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_CaN </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="sodium_potassium_pump">
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_NaK"/>
    
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" name="I_NaK"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="f_NaK"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" name="K_mNai" initial_value="10.0"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" name="K_mKo" initial_value="1.5"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="sigma"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
    <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>  
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nai"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nao"/>   
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="f_NaK_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> f_NaK </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.1245 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.1 </cn>
                    <apply>
                      <divide/>
                      <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci> V </ci>
                        <ci> F </ci>
                      </apply>
                      <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci> R </ci>
                        <ci> T </ci>
                      </apply>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0365 </cn>
              <ci> sigma </ci>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <ci> F </ci>
                    </apply>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci>
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="sigma_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> sigma </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 7.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <ci> Nao </ci>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 67.3 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="i_NaK_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_NaK </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> I_NaK </ci>
          <ci> f_NaK </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <root/>
                <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <ci> K_mNai </ci>
                    <ci> Nai </ci>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> Ko </ci>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> Ko </ci>
              <ci> K_mKo </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="calcium_activated_current" name="calcium_activated_current">
    
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Cl_Ca"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" public_interface="out" name="K_mCa" initial_value="0.10"/>
   
    <variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Cl" initial_value="10.0"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" name="E_Cl"/>
    
    <variable units="micromolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_Cl_Ca_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Cl_Ca </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Cl </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <ci> E_Cl </ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <ci> K_mCa </ci>
                <ci> Cai </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="transient_outward_potassium_current" name="transient_outward_potassium_current">
    
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_to"/>
   
    <variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_to" initial_value="0.060"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" name="E_K"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
    
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="X_to"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="Y_to"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="i_to_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_to </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_to </ci>
          <ci> X_to </ci>
          <ci> Y_to </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_K </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="transient_outward_potassium_current_X_to_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="X_to" initial_value="0.00003742"/>
        
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_X_to"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_X_to"/>

    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="alpha_X_to_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_X_to </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.04561 </cn>
          <apply>
            <exp/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.03577 </cn>       
              <ci> V </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="beta_X_to_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_X_to </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.0989 </cn>
          <apply>
            <exp/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.06237 </cn>       
              <ci> V </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="transient_outward_potassium_current_Y_to_gate">
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Y_to" initial_value="1.0"/>
        
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_Y_to"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_Y_to"/>

    <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="alpha_Y_to_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_Y_to </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.005415 </cn>
          <apply>
            <exp/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 33.5 </cn>       
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.051335 </cn>
                  <apply>
                    <exp/>
                    <apply>
                      <minus/>
                      <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                          <plus/>
                          <ci> V </ci>
                          <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 33.5 </cn>       
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.0 </cn>
                      </apply>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply> 
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="beta_Y_to_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_Y_to </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.005415 </cn>
          <apply>
            <exp/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 33.5 </cn>       
                </apply>
                <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.0 </cn>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.051335 </cn>
                  <apply>
                    <exp/>
                    <apply>
                      <divide/>
                      <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci> V </ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 33.5 </cn>       
                      </apply>
                      <cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.0 </cn>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply> 
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply> 
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="Ca_buffers_in_the_myoplasm">
    <variable units="micromolar" name="K_mTRPN" initial_value="0.5"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" name="K_mCMDN" initial_value="2.38"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" name="TRPN_max" initial_value="70.0"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" name="CMDN_max" initial_value="50.0"/>
    
    <variable units="micromolar" name="TRPN_buff"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" name="CMDN_buff"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="TRPN_buff_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> TRPN_buff </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> TRPN_max </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> Cai </ci>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> Cai </ci>
              <ci> K_mTRPN </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="CMDN_buff_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> CMDN_buff </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> CMDN_max </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> Cai </ci>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> Cai </ci>
              <ci> K_mCMDN </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="calcium_fluxes_in_the_SR">
    <variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="i_rel"/>
    <variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="i_up"/>
    <variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="i_leak"/>  
    <variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="i_tr"/>
                            
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="G_rel"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="G_rel_max"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_on" initial_value="2.0"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_off" initial_value="2.0"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="tau_tr" initial_value="180.0"/>
    <variable units="millisecond" name="t" initial_value="0.0"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" name="K_mrel" initial_value="0.8"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" name="delta_Ca_i2"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" name="delta_Ca_ith" initial_value="0.18"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" name="CSQN_buff"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" name="CSQN_max" initial_value="10.0"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" name="CSQN_th" initial_value="0.7"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCSQN" initial_value="0.8"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" name="K_mup" initial_value="0.92"/>
    <variable units="per_millisecond" name="K_leak"/>
    <variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" name="I_up" initial_value="0.005"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" name="Ca_NSR_max" initial_value="0.15"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/> 
    <variable units="micromolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_JSR"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_NSR"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">      
      <apply id="i_rel_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_rel </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> G_rel </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> Ca_JSR </ci>
            <ci> Cai </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="G_rel_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> G_rel </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> G_rel_max </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <ci> delta_Ca_i2 </ci>
              <ci> delta_Ca_ith </ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <ci> K_mrel </ci>
                <ci> delta_Ca_i2 </ci>
              </apply>
              <ci> delta_Ca_ith </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci> t </ci>
                  <ci> tau_on </ci>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <exp/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <ci> t </ci>
                <ci> tau_off </ci>
              </apply>     
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="G_rel_max_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> G_rel_max </ci>
        <piecewise>
          <piece>
            <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <lt/>
              <ci> delta_Ca_i2 </ci>
              <ci> delta_Ca_ith </ci>
            </apply>
          </piece>
          <otherwise>
            <cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 60.0 </cn>
          </otherwise>
        </piecewise>
      </apply>
      
      
      
      <apply id="CSQN_buff_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> CSQN_buff </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> CSQN_max </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> Ca_JSR </ci>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> Ca_JSR </ci>
              <ci> K_mCSQN </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="i_up_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_up </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> I_up </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> Cai </ci>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> Cai </ci>
              <ci> K_mup </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="i_leak_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_leak </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> K_leak </ci>
          <ci> Ca_NSR </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
            
      <apply id="K_leak_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> K_leak </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci> I_up </ci>
          <ci> Ca_NSR_max </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="i_tr_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_tr </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> Ca_NSR </ci>
            <ci> Ca_JSR </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_tr </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="ionic_concentrations">
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Nai" initial_value="10.0"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Nao" initial_value="140.0"/>
    <variable units="micromolar" public_interface="out" name="Cai" initial_value="0.12"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Cao" initial_value="1.8"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ki" initial_value="145.0"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ko" initial_value="5.4"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_JSR"/>
    <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_NSR" initial_value="15.0"/>
   
    <variable units="micromolar" name="Ca_foot"/>
    <variable units="mm2" name="A_cap" initial_value="0.000153"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="R_A_V"/>
    <variable units="micro_litre" name="V_myo"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="delta_Ca"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" name="delta_Ca_JSR"/>
    <variable units="micro_litre" name="V_cleft"/>
    <variable units="micro_litre" name="V_JSR"/>
    <variable units="micro_litre" name="V_NSR"/>
    
    <variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>       
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_CaNa"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Na_b"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_CaCa"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_T"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_CaK"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_p_Ca"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_b"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Kr"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ks"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Kp"/>
    <variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_to"/>       
    <variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="i_tr"/>
    <variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="i_rel"/>
    <variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="i_leak"/>   
    <variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="i_up"/>
              
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="sodium_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Nai </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> i_Na </ci>
              <ci> i_CaNa </ci>
              <ci> i_Na_b </ci>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> i_NaCa </ci>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> i_NaK </ci>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> A_cap </ci>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> V_myo </ci>
              <ci> F </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="calcium_internal_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Cai </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <plus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <ci> i_CaCa </ci>
                <ci> i_p_Ca </ci>
                <ci> i_Ca_b </ci>
                <ci> i_Ca_T </ci>
              </apply>
              <ci> i_NaCa </ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> A_cap </ci>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                <ci> V_myo </ci>
                <ci> F </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> i_rel </ci>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> V_JSR </ci>
              <ci> V_myo </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <ci> i_leak </ci>
              <ci> i_up </ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> V_NSR </ci>
              <ci> V_myo </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
          
      <apply id="potassium_internal_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Ki </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> i_CaK </ci>
              <ci> i_Kr </ci>
              <ci> i_Ks </ci>
              <ci> i_K1 </ci>
              <ci> i_Kp </ci>
              <ci> i_to </ci>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci> i_NaK </ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> A_cap </ci>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> V_myo </ci>
              <ci> F </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>        
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="potassium_external_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Ko </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> i_CaK </ci>
            <ci> i_Kr </ci>
            <ci> i_Ks </ci>
            <ci> i_K1 </ci>
            <ci> i_Kp </ci>
            <ci> i_to </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> i_NaK </ci>
                <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> A_cap </ci>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> V_cleft </ci>
              <ci> F </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>        
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="calcium_JSR_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Ca_JSR </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> i_rel </ci>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> i_tr </ci>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <ci> V_NSR </ci>
                <ci> V_JSR </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      
      <apply id="calcium_NSR_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Ca_NSR </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> i_leak </ci>
              <ci> i_tr </ci>
            </apply>
            <ci> i_up </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    
      <apply id="calcium_foot_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Ca_foot </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> i_CaCa </ci>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> A_cap </ci>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
              <ci> V_myo </ci>
              <ci> F </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <ci> R_A_V </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>

  <group>
    <relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
    <component_ref component="membrane">
      <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
        <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
        <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
        <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
        <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
        <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
        <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel">
        <component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel_b_gate"/>
        <component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel_g_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current">
        <component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current_X_to_gate"/>
        <component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current_Y_to_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current">
        <component_ref component="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current_Xr_gate"/>
        <component_ref component="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current_Rr_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current">
        <component_ref component="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current_Xs_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
      <component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current">
        <component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
      </component_ref>  
      <component_ref component="plateau_potassium_current"/>
      <component_ref component="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump"/>
      <component_ref component="sodium_background_current"/>
      <component_ref component="calcium_background_current"/>
      <component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
      <component_ref component="calcium_activated_current"/>
      <component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current"/>
      <component_ref component="ionic_concentrations"/>
      <component_ref component="Ca_buffers_in_the_myoplasm"/>
      <component_ref component="calcium_fluxes_in_the_SR"/>
    </component_ref>
  </group>
  
  <group>
    <relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
    <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
      <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
    <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
      <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
    <component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel">
      <component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel_b_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel_g_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
    <component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current">
      <component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current_X_to_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current_Y_to_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
    <component_ref component="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current">
      <component_ref component="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current_Xr_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current_Rr_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
    <component_ref component="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current">
      <component_ref component="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current_Xs_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
    <component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current">
      <component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
  </group>
  
  <!--
    "Time" is passed from the "environment" component into the
    "membrane" and current components.
  -->
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>


  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>


  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="T_type_Ca_channel"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>


  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
   

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="plateau_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_background_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="calcium_background_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="calcium_activated_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="transient_outward_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="ionic_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_buffers_in_the_myoplasm"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="calcium_fluxes_in_the_SR"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <!--
    Several variables are passed between the "membrane" and its sub-components.
  -->
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
  </connection>


  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L" variable_1="i_Ca_L"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="T_type_Ca_channel" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_T" variable_1="i_Ca_T"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
  </connection>


  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Kr" variable_1="i_Kr"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Ks" variable_1="i_Ks"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Na_Ca_exchanger" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
  </connection>
 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="time_independent_potassium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="plateau_potassium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
     <map_variables variable_2="i_Kp" variable_1="i_Kp"/>
  </connection>


  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_p_Ca" variable_1="i_p_Ca"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="sodium_background_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
     <map_variables variable_2="i_Na_b" variable_1="i_Na_b"/>
  </connection>


  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="calcium_background_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_b" variable_1="i_Ca_b"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="sodium_potassium_pump" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="calcium_activated_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Cl_Ca" variable_1="i_Cl_Ca"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="transient_outward_potassium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_to" variable_1="i_to"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ionic_concentrations" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
  </connection>
    
  <!--  Several variables are passed between the sibling components. -->
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ionic_concentrations" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="sodium_background_current" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ionic_concentrations" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Cao" variable_1="Cao"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Nai" variable_1="Nai"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Nao" variable_1="Nao"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ki" variable_1="Ki"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ko" variable_1="Ko"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_CaCa" variable_1="i_CaCa"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_CaNa" variable_1="i_CaNa"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_CaK" variable_1="i_CaK"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ionic_concentrations" component_1="T_type_Ca_channel"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Cao" variable_1="Cao"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_T" variable_1="i_Ca_T"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ionic_concentrations" component_1="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ki" variable_1="Ki"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ko" variable_1="Ko"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Kr" variable_1="i_Kr"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ionic_concentrations" component_1="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ki" variable_1="Ki"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ko" variable_1="Ko"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Nai" variable_1="Nai"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Nao" variable_1="Nao"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Ks" variable_1="i_Ks"/>
  </connection>
 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ionic_concentrations" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Nai" variable_1="Nai"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Cao" variable_1="Cao"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Nao" variable_1="Nao"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="calcium_activated_current" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="K_mCa" variable_1="K_mCa"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ionic_concentrations" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ki" variable_1="Ki"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ko" variable_1="Ko"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="time_independent_potassium_current" component_1="plateau_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="E_K1" variable_1="E_K1"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ionic_concentrations" component_1="plateau_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Kp" variable_1="i_Kp"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ionic_concentrations" component_1="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_p_Ca" variable_1="i_p_Ca"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ionic_concentrations" component_1="sodium_background_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Na_b" variable_1="i_Na_b"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ionic_concentrations" component_1="calcium_background_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Cao" variable_1="Cao"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_b" variable_1="i_Ca_b"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ionic_concentrations" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Nai" variable_1="Nai"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Nao" variable_1="Nao"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ko" variable_1="Ko"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ionic_concentrations" component_1="calcium_activated_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ionic_concentrations" component_1="transient_outward_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_to" variable_1="i_to"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ionic_concentrations" component_1="Ca_buffers_in_the_myoplasm"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="ionic_concentrations" component_1="calcium_fluxes_in_the_SR"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_rel" variable_1="i_rel"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_tr" variable_1="i_tr"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_leak" variable_1="i_leak"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="i_up" variable_1="i_up"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ca_JSR" variable_1="Ca_JSR"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ca_NSR" variable_1="Ca_NSR"/>
  </connection>
 
 <!--  
    Various variables are passed between parent components and their            
    encapsulated gates.
  -->
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_m_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="m" variable_1="m"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>


  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_h_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="h" variable_1="h"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_j_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="j" variable_1="j"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="d" variable_1="d"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="f" variable_1="f"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="f_Ca" variable_1="f_Ca"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="T_type_Ca_channel_b_gate" component_1="T_type_Ca_channel"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="b" variable_1="b"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="T_type_Ca_channel_g_gate" component_1="T_type_Ca_channel"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="g" variable_1="g"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current_Xr_gate" component_1="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Xr" variable_1="Xr"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current_Rr_gate" component_1="rapid_time_dependent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Rr" variable_1="Rr"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current_Xs_gate" component_1="slow_time_dependent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Xs" variable_1="Xs"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="E_K1" variable_1="E_K1"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="K1_infinity" variable_1="K1_infinity"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="transient_outward_potassium_current_X_to_gate" component_1="transient_outward_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="X_to" variable_1="X_to"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="transient_outward_potassium_current_Y_to_gate" component_1="transient_outward_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Y_to" variable_1="Y_to"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
  </connection>
  





<rdf:RDF>
  <rdf:Bag rdf:about="rdf:#b2963e20-8f5a-4a59-93d8-f01aee13400b">
    <rdf:li>ventricular myocyte</rdf:li>
    <rdf:li>calcium dynamics</rdf:li>
    <rdf:li>Ventricular Myocyte</rdf:li>
    <rdf:li>electrophysiology</rdf:li>
    <rdf:li>rabbit</rdf:li>
    <rdf:li>cardiac</rdf:li>
  </rdf:Bag>
  <rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#citationAuthorsSeq">
    <rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#author1Vcard"/>
    <rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#author2Vcard"/>
  </rdf:Seq>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#96601129-ec29-41d3-84b5-dc856623e10b">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2001-12-01</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#96d731d9-06d3-4d59-8174-6d6ab861162d">
    <rdf:value>
            Although i_Ca_T is not generally detectable in rabbit ventricular
            myocytes, Puglisi and Bers include it in the mathematical model to
            make it more complete.  The equation kinetics here are slightly
            different from those in the modified Luo-Rudy II model (based on 
            Zeng et al's model, 1995), but they reproduce more accurately the 
            current-voltage relationship for i_Ca_T.
          </rdf:value>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author1VcardN">
    <vCard:Given>Jose</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Puglisi</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>L</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c8b53d3e-b8a1-4d05-b537-0f07818bd299">
    <vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#17fb670f-9901-4c78-89ac-ca7e14074deb">
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#c8b53d3e-b8a1-4d05-b537-0f07818bd299"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#464ad765-f9c6-405c-a338-47d4479d0fea">
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#266820a4-9e62-4148-ac63-480981d52ac0"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#757cc959-9e8d-4787-a384-6d081d05398b">
    <dc:title>American Journal of Cellular Physiology</dc:title>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#40c30288-9d49-4c4b-9d55-f22239af8295">
    <vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="#T_type_Ca_channel">
    <cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#96d731d9-06d3-4d59-8174-6d6ab861162d"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8f7e78ff-bd67-4ea4-ad93-3b4b352c5ed4">
    <rdf:value>
            A transient outward potassium current has been reported in rabbit 
            ventricular myocytes.  It can contribute to ventricular 
            repolarisation.  This is not part of the Luo-Rudy II model.  The 
            equations below are taken from Winslow et al (1999).
          </rdf:value>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author1Vcard">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#author1VcardN"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b2b9f8e1-1762-42c2-a441-80e5aadc6f4e">
    <vCard:Orgname>The University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
    <vCard:Orgunit>The Bioengineering Institute</vCard:Orgunit>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#38479abd-f4b7-4a57-b0ed-dddb935ccc5f">
    <dc:subject rdf:resource="rdf:#f46ae06c-4ada-453d-9778-7519e3a2b7b2"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#051df45a-c849-4402-8a0f-3ee0fc3d20ac">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/>
    <rdf:value>c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author2VcardN">
    <vCard:Given>Donald</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Bers</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>M</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c341c3ea-c60c-4f7a-aaea-66d9a0165f08">
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#fb8d89e5-b98b-4786-b5b5-59eb74da9f22"/>
    <rdf:value>This is the CellML description of Puglisi and Bers' mathematical model of rabbit ventricular myocyte ion channels and Ca transport. It is a development of the Luo-Rudy II ventricular model (1994).</rdf:value>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#039ca5fe-8396-4f87-8239-1e04c9d2acd6">
    <vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#999d7d4b-74de-4415-b861-1f048a9ff529">
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#82d14a37-85aa-421c-8815-a2a8066ce7eb"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f4759d5a-c439-4050-875d-db70df3bb622">
    <dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#5b61fe1d-7ce5-46bc-8b09-a10128267eaa"/>
    <rdf:value>
          Corrected alpha_j_calculation equation in fast_sodium_current_j_gate 
          component and removed I_S_calculation from L_type_Ca_channel 
          component.
        </rdf:value>
    <cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#464ad765-f9c6-405c-a338-47d4479d0fea"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author2Vcard">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#author2VcardN"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="#calcium_activated_current">
    <cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#25cc9ab7-7f7d-4493-a7fb-02415f9b7146"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#87d25fb2-1f37-4f17-afbd-07a49c67fdc2">
    <dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#9b72d7d1-f7c8-4893-a64b-b731504ec2ba"/>
    <rdf:value>
          Corrected units and initial values.
        </rdf:value>
    <cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#8aa9976f-5c46-4ead-9ef3-591c55d2d789"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="">
    <dc:publisher>
        The University of Auckland, Bioengineering Institute
      </dc:publisher>
    <cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#66ef89ac-d217-457d-9a19-2f4642ef60c5"/>
    <cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#87d25fb2-1f37-4f17-afbd-07a49c67fdc2"/>
    <cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#cba842fa-560d-4d5f-98ca-3b134cb51588"/>
    <cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#f4759d5a-c439-4050-875d-db70df3bb622"/>
    <dcterms:created rdf:resource="rdf:#dc0e9ced-e8a6-4b81-a63a-20913c751710"/>
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#0da679af-ddfa-4788-9a78-8ce005446720"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#65915353-adfe-45f1-beb2-d34f6b97325e">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2002-02-25</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#cba842fa-560d-4d5f-98ca-3b134cb51588">
    <dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#65915353-adfe-45f1-beb2-d34f6b97325e"/>
    <rdf:value>
          Corrected several equations.
        </rdf:value>
    <cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#17fb670f-9901-4c78-89ac-ca7e14074deb"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#66ef89ac-d217-457d-9a19-2f4642ef60c5">
    <dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#175d8ba0-4fc0-4209-a8f0-df19c08a932f"/>
    <rdf:value>
          Changed equation 'i_leak_calcualtion' to 'i_leak_calculation'.
        </rdf:value>
    <cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#999d7d4b-74de-4415-b861-1f048a9ff529"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#297b268b-9905-4f21-bb0a-da6bfee0b6ea">
    <rdf:value>
              &lt;apply xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cmeta:id="calcium_overload"&gt;&lt;eq/&gt;
                &lt;ci&gt; G_rel &lt;/ci&gt;
                &lt;apply&gt;&lt;times/&gt;
                  &lt;ci&gt; G_rel_max &lt;/ci&gt;
                  &lt;apply&gt;&lt;minus/&gt;
                    &lt;cn cellml:units="dimensionless"&gt; 1.0 &lt;/cn&gt;
                    &lt;apply&gt;&lt;exp/&gt;
                      &lt;apply&gt;&lt;minus/&gt;
                        &lt;apply&gt;&lt;divide/&gt;
                          &lt;ci&gt; t &lt;/ci&gt;
                          &lt;ci&gt; tau_on &lt;/ci&gt;
                        &lt;/apply&gt;
                      &lt;/apply&gt;
                    &lt;/apply&gt;
                  &lt;/apply&gt;
                  &lt;apply&gt;&lt;exp/&gt;
                    &lt;apply&gt;&lt;minus/&gt;
                      &lt;apply&gt;&lt;divide/&gt;
                        &lt;ci&gt; t &lt;/ci&gt;
                        &lt;ci&gt; tau_off &lt;/ci&gt;
                      &lt;/apply&gt;
                    &lt;/apply&gt;
                  &lt;/apply&gt;
                &lt;/apply&gt;
              &lt;/apply&gt;

              &lt;apply xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#"&gt;&lt;eq/&gt;
                &lt;ci&gt; G_rel_max &lt;/ci&gt;
                &lt;piecewise&gt;
                  &lt;piece&gt;
                    &lt;cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"&gt; 0.0 &lt;/cn&gt;
                    &lt;apply&gt;&lt;lt/&gt;
                      &lt;ci&gt; CSQN_buff &lt;/ci&gt;
                      &lt;ci&gt; CSQN_th &lt;/ci&gt;
                    &lt;/apply&gt;
                  &lt;/piece&gt;
                  &lt;otherwise&gt;
                    &lt;cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"&gt; 4.0 &lt;/cn&gt;
                  &lt;/otherwise&gt;
                &lt;/piecewise&gt;
              &lt;/apply&gt;
            </rdf:value>
    <rdf:value>
              When the cell is under calcium-overload conditions, the equations 
              for G-rel and G-rel max are altered.  Rather than include these 
              equations as part of the CellML model itself, they are presented 
              below within the metadata.  This is because the calcium-overload 
              conditions are poorly defined and most modelers will be interested
              in a cell under normal calcium conditions.  
            </rdf:value>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#dc0e9ced-e8a6-4b81-a63a-20913c751710">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2002-01-31</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#82d14a37-85aa-421c-8815-a2a8066ce7eb">
    <vCard:Given>Autumn</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Cuellar</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>A</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5b61fe1d-7ce5-46bc-8b09-a10128267eaa">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2003-06-05</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#266820a4-9e62-4148-ac63-480981d52ac0">
    <vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#0da679af-ddfa-4788-9a78-8ce005446720">
    <vCard:ORG rdf:resource="rdf:#b2b9f8e1-1762-42c2-a441-80e5aadc6f4e"/>
    <vCard:EMAIL rdf:resource="rdf:#051df45a-c849-4402-8a0f-3ee0fc3d20ac"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#039ca5fe-8396-4f87-8239-1e04c9d2acd6"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f46ae06c-4ada-453d-9778-7519e3a2b7b2">
    <bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type>
    <rdf:value rdf:resource="rdf:#b2963e20-8f5a-4a59-93d8-f01aee13400b"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#25cc9ab7-7f7d-4493-a7fb-02415f9b7146">
    <rdf:value>
            A calcium-activated chloride current has been reported in rabbit 
            Purkinje cells and atrial and ventricular myocytes.  The current is 
            modelled by the equations below, with parameters that were chosen to             fit experimental results obtained by Puglisi et al (1999).
          </rdf:value>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9b72d7d1-f7c8-4893-a64b-b731504ec2ba">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2002-02-27</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#175d8ba0-4fc0-4209-a8f0-df19c08a932f">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2002-06-17</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#41ef999d-644c-42d2-b7c9-7bc3e30bb35e">
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#citationAuthorsSeq"/>
    <dc:title>LabHEART: an interactive computer model of rabbit ventricular myocyte ion channels and Ca transport</dc:title>
    <bqs:volume>281</bqs:volume>
    <bqs:first_page>C2049</bqs:first_page>
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    <vCard:FN>Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
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        The Puglisi-Bers Model of Rabbit Ventricular Myocyte Ion Channels and Ca
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