Luo, Rudy, 1991

Model Status

This model has been curated and unit checked and is known to replicate the published results in PCEnv and COR. A PCEnv session is also available for this model.

Model Structure

In 1991, Ching-hsing Luo and Yoram Rudy published a mathematical model of the ventricular cardiac action potential. This original model is the first of the two Luo-Rudy models, and it has subsequently come to be known as the Luo-Rudy I model. It is a significant update of the Beeler-Reuter mammalian ventricular model (1977) (see the figure below), and like the the Beeler-Reuter model, the Luo-Rudy I model uses Hodgkin-Huxley type equations to calculate ionic currents.

The complete original paper reference is cited below:

A Model of the Ventricular Cardiac Action Potential - Depolarisation, Repolarisation and Their Interaction, Ching-hsing Luo and Yoram Rudy, 1991 Circulation Research , 68, 1501-1526. PubMed ID: 1709839

A schematic diagram describing the current flows across the cell membrane that are captured in the LR-I model.

The network defined in the CellML description of the Luo-Rudy I model. A key describing the significance of the shapes of the components and the colours of the connections between them is in the notation guide.

The membrane physically contains the currents, as indicated by the blue arrows in . The currents act independently and are not connected to each other. Four of the channels encapsulate and contain further components which represent activation and inactivation gates. The addition of an encapsulation relationship informs modellers and processing software that the gates are important parts of the current model. It also prevents any other components that aren't also encapsulated by the parent component from connecting to its gates, effectively hiding them from the rest of the model.

The breakdown of the model into components and the definition of encapsulation and containment relationships between them is somewhat arbitrary. When considering how a model should be broken into components, modellers are encouraged to consider which parts of a model might be re-used and how the physiological elements of the system being modelled are naturally bounded. Containment relationships should be used to provide simple rendering information for processing software (ideally, this will correspond to the layout of the physical system), and encapsulation should be used to group sets of components into sub-models.