- Author:
- Tessa Paris <tpar054@aucklanduni.ac.nz>
- Date:
- 2009-11-25 12:32:22+13:00
- Desc:
- Fixed equations and dimensions and added fast, slow and medium bursting models
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.cellml.org/workspace/2e0/rawfile/54be3996f711871d6a9c0f9fd81013d4caf355a7/bertram_previte_sherman_kinard_satin_2000_fast.cellml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" name="bertram_previte_sherman_kinard_satin_2000_version01" cmeta:id="bertram_previte_sherman_kinard_satin_2000_version01">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>The Phantom Burster Model For Pancreatic Beta-Cells</title>
<author>
<firstname>James</firstname>
<surname>Lawson</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para> This model has been rebuilt according to the author's original XPPAUT code, which can be found <ulink url="http://www.math.fsu.edu/~bertram/software/islet/BJ_04a.ode">here</ulink>. This version of the CellML model represents the fast bursting model where gs1=20. The model replicates figure 2 in the published paper. The model runs in both PCEnv and COR and the units are consistent. </para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
Pancreatic beta-cells have been the subject of both experimental and theoretical studies for several decades. One reason for this interest has been the essential role beta-cells play in glucose homeostasis - they are the only source of insulin that most cells require in order to take up and metabolise glucose, and impairment of beta-cell function contributes to diabetes. A major focus of theoretical work has been beta-cell dynamics, especially in the form of bursting electrical activity. The bursts consist of active phases of Ca<superscript>2+</superscript>
-carrying action potentials alternating with silent phases of repolarisation and are accompanied by oscillations in cytosolic Ca<superscript>2+</superscript>
, which drive pulses of insulin secretion.</para>
<para>
Experimentally, electrical activity in beta-cells is studied in two distinct preparations: islets of Langerhans, which are microorgans containing thousands of endocrine cells, and isolated cells. Pancreatic beta-cells exhibit bursting oscillations with a wide range of periods. Whereas periods in isolated cells are generally either a few seconds or a few minutes, in intact islets of Langerhans they are intermediate (10-60 seconds). In their 2000 publication, Richard Bertram, Joseph Previte, Arthur Sherman, Tracie A. Kinard and Leslie S. Satin develop a mathematical model for beta-cell electrical activity capable of generating this wide range of bursting oscillations. Unlike previously published models, bursting is driven by the interaction of two slow processes (I<subscript>s1</subscript>
and I<subscript>s2</subscript>
in <xref linkend="fig_cell_diagram"/>
below), one with a relatively small time constant (1-5 seconds) and the other with a much larger time constant (1-2 minutes). Bursting on the intermediate time scale is generated without the need for a slow process having an intermediate time constant, hence phantom bursting. This mathematical model has been translated into a CellML description which can be downloaded in various formats as described in <xref linkend="sec_download_this_model"/>
.</para>
<para>The complete original paper reference is cited below:</para>
<para>
The Phantom Burster Model for Pancreatic beta-Cells, Richard Bertram, Joseph Previte, Arthur Sherman, Tracie A. Kinard and Leslie S. Satin, 2000,
<emphasis>Biophysical Journal</emphasis>, 79, 2880-2892. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11106596&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 11106596</ulink>
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>cell schematic for the model</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="bertram_2000.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>Schematic diagram of the pancreatic beta-cell plasma membrane showing the ionic currents captured by the phantom burster model.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<units name="minute">
<unit multiplier="60" units="second"/>
</units>
<units name="femtoA">
<unit prefix="femto" units="ampere"/>
</units>
<units name="femtoF">
<unit prefix="femto" units="farad"/>
</units>
<units name="millivolt">
<unit prefix="milli" units="volt"/>
</units>
<units name="picoS">
<unit prefix="pico" units="siemens"/>
</units>
<units name="millisecond">
<unit prefix="milli" units="second"/>
</units>
<component name="environment">
<variable name="time" public_interface="out" units="millisecond"/>
</component>
<component name="membrane">
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable initial_value="4524" name="Cm" units="femtoF"/>
<variable initial_value="-43" name="V" public_interface="out" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="ICa" public_interface="in" units="femtoA"/>
<variable name="IK" public_interface="in" units="femtoA"/>
<variable name="Il" public_interface="in" units="femtoA"/>
<variable name="Is1" public_interface="in" units="femtoA"/>
<variable name="Is2" public_interface="in" units="femtoA"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>ICa</ci>
<ci>IK</ci>
<ci>Il</ci>
<ci>Is1</ci>
<ci>Is2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Cm</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_current">
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="-22" name="Vm" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="100" name="VCa" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="280" name="gCa" units="picoS"/>
<variable name="minf" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="7.5" name="sm" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="ICa" public_interface="out" units="femtoA"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>minf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm</ci>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<ci>sm</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ICa</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gCa</ci>
<ci>minf</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>VCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="rapid_K_current">
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="IK" public_interface="out" units="femtoA"/>
<variable initial_value="-80" name="VK" public_interface="out" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="1300" name="gK" units="picoS"/>
<variable initial_value="0.03" name="n" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="1.1" name="lambda" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="9.09" name="tnbar" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="-9" name="Vn" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="sn" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="taun" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="ninf" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>IK</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gK</ci>
<ci>n</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>VK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>n</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>lambda</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>ninf</ci>
<ci>n</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>taun</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ninf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vn</ci>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<ci>sn</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>taun</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>tnbar</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>Vn</ci>
</apply>
<ci>sn</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_K_current">
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="Is1" public_interface="out" units="femtoA"/>
<variable initial_value="20" name="gs1" units="picoS"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="s1" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="VK" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="s1inf" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="-40" name="Vs1" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="ss1" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="1000" name="taus1" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Is1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gs1</ci>
<ci>s1</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>VK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s1inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vs1</ci>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<ci>ss1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>s1inf</ci>
<ci>s1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>taus1</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="very_slow_K_current">
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="VK" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="-42" name="Vs2" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="0.434" name="s2" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="s2inf" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.4" name="ss2" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="32" name="gs2" units="picoS"/>
<variable initial_value="120000" name="taus2" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="Is2" public_interface="out" units="femtoA"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Is2</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gs2</ci>
<ci>s2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>VK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s2inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vs2</ci>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<ci>ss2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>s2inf</ci>
<ci>s2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>taus2</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="leak_current">
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="Il" public_interface="out" units="femtoA"/>
<variable initial_value="25" name="gl" units="picoS"/>
<variable initial_value="-40" name="Vl" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Il</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gl</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>Vl</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Ca_current" component_2="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_1="ICa" variable_2="ICa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_K_current" component_2="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_1="IK" variable_2="IK"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="slow_K_current" component_2="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Is1" variable_2="Is1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="very_slow_K_current" component_2="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Is2" variable_2="Is2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="leak_current" component_2="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Il" variable_2="Il"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="Ca_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="rapid_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="slow_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_K_current" component_2="slow_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="VK" variable_2="VK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="very_slow_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_K_current" component_2="very_slow_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="VK" variable_2="VK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="leak_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#10cb6c74-d091-4c4a-934b-d778319a7205">
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#dd61c4b2-b30a-4fdb-b1e3-a459f03f9720"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#3311698a-64a9-4c17-bf09-d283363c94cc"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#de3c3d0e-c2f2-43c8-92fb-014322951a1b"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#7a675be1-22ba-4bc3-bf0d-5e7929af3885"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#7f7852c9-fbc3-4aba-99d7-c45bb885a612"/>
</rdf:Seq>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2f233643-d042-419a-9deb-cf9f3caf402e">
<vCard:Given>Joseph</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Previte</vCard:Family>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#557b0161-366d-4c04-a1ea-7098cefd4828">
<vCard:Given>James</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Lawson</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>Richard</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f4225862-d951-4cdf-bd9c-ca17d407fd11">
<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#41b0cfc0-f5f9-41d4-aff4-90d30c1c2c8f"/>
<rdf:value>
Added more metadata.
</rdf:value>
<cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#3ca11ded-a806-4f6e-872c-99fbf0f58600"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a049c1f5-2c5a-4be0-96b8-d394a9fd496a">
<vCard:Given>Autumn</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Cuellar</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>A</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#de3c3d0e-c2f2-43c8-92fb-014322951a1b">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#5b2b067b-1cbb-4e76-ad81-4c3a2af72ebf"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b87a5c2c-f4ed-42ee-ac1a-a3c32faa4d6d">
<vCard:Given>James</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Lawson</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>Richard</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#41b0cfc0-f5f9-41d4-aff4-90d30c1c2c8f">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2002-07-18</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3311698a-64a9-4c17-bf09-d283363c94cc">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#2f233643-d042-419a-9deb-cf9f3caf402e"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#537ed962-a674-4cf9-a64a-215046b2a8ca">
<rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
<rdf:first rdf:resource="rdf:#3a8531b7-1d36-4572-af25-9b5a111283ad"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7f7852c9-fbc3-4aba-99d7-c45bb885a612">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#9c50959c-5ea6-43e5-a0d6-d0752f5c79ea"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#890ef4c5-560c-4a44-be85-9c1a4a1f4a59">
<vCard:ORG rdf:resource="rdf:#35952d28-2ec7-4dfd-a0c5-c2f98650cc4c"/>
<vCard:EMAIL rdf:resource="rdf:#62c568a8-cb4c-4b49-a375-ffe0c1d8db58"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#b87a5c2c-f4ed-42ee-ac1a-a3c32faa4d6d"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#bd449466-f5f3-4e6a-b360-7ad3f275634f">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2009-05-15T16:10:00+12:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#eda135be-a804-4400-a0e2-a1f173f2440b">
<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#bd449466-f5f3-4e6a-b360-7ad3f275634f"/>
<rdf:value>Fixed errors detected by ValidateCellML, including connection duplication and namespace mixing.</rdf:value>
<cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#272f4426-48f3-4189-b069-ee72500e813d"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#PeAxnu1!T2\">
<ns7:simulation rdf:resource="rdf:#$rx2Kt"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#bertram_previte_sherman_kinard_satin_2000_version01">
<ns7:simulation rdf:resource="rdf:#f95e14d0-fc94-49d8-a61b-f27c1d9aabda"/>
<dc:title>
The Bertram et al 2000 phantom burster model for pancreatic beta-cells.
</dc:title>
<cmeta:bio_entity>pancreatic beta-cell</cmeta:bio_entity>
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#ec6738e2-de8a-4d0e-8385-e803c1a34a79"/>
<bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#8297facc-27d3-427d-94fc-4570ce277a0e"/>
<bqs:reference rdf:parseType="Resource">
<dc:subject rdf:parseType="Resource">
<bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type>
<rdf:value>
<rdf:Bag>
<rdf:li>calcium dynamics</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>electrophysiology</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>beta cell</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>pancreas</rdf:li>
</rdf:Bag>
</rdf:value>
</dc:subject>
</bqs:reference>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#866a151e-844d-41d6-b865-4c9108c277c0">
<ns7:endingValue>1000</ns7:endingValue>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#32838f11-2e32-44cb-9ed3-1dd8e655492e">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2000-12</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#82c6de5a-bdcb-49f0-8fe4-bf536af0bd8e">
<vCard:Given>Tracie</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Kinard</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>A</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="">
<dc:publisher>The University of Auckland, Bioengineering Institute</dc:publisher>
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#02f410bc-2f5e-4b35-bd14-c72502505ade"/>
<dcterms:created rdf:resource="rdf:#daf3676d-99a8-40d9-9bae-70a8ba718909"/>
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#890ef4c5-560c-4a44-be85-9c1a4a1f4a59"/>
<cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#eda135be-a804-4400-a0e2-a1f173f2440b"/>
<cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#73e9e190-ac5b-463c-be82-ffc62ca74630"/>
<cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#f4225862-d951-4cdf-bd9c-ca17d407fd11"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8297facc-27d3-427d-94fc-4570ce277a0e">
<bqs:Pubmed_id>11106596</bqs:Pubmed_id>
<bqs:JournalArticle rdf:resource="rdf:#e5bf1ac1-e996-4b58-bf0c-0c80afc4d07a"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$sx2Kt">
<rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
<rdf:first rdf:resource="rdf:#$tx2Kt"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$r4dx31">
<ns7:boundIntervals rdf:resource="rdf:#$s4dx31"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#207a8f98-7b44-41b3-b0e2-a7c9525d1967">
<vCard:FN>James Lawson</vCard:FN>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ec6738e2-de8a-4d0e-8385-e803c1a34a79">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#02623e16-e5eb-4549-9712-5f6c0043eb75"/>
<rdf:value>This is the CellML description of Bertram et al's 2000 phantom burster model for pancreatic beta-cells.</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$tx2Kt">
<ns7:endingValue>100</ns7:endingValue>
<ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>10000</ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>
<ns7:maximumStepSize>0.001</ns7:maximumStepSize>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#272f4426-48f3-4189-b069-ee72500e813d">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#557b0161-366d-4c04-a1ea-7098cefd4828"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#79357532-a807-4680-8afa-78fdee11adbb">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2003-04-09</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5b2b067b-1cbb-4e76-ad81-4c3a2af72ebf">
<vCard:Given>Arthur</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Sherman</vCard:Family>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9e045141-9618-42b0-ad6c-de2bdc4c9de9">
<dc:title>Biophysical Journal</dc:title>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#35952d28-2ec7-4dfd-a0c5-c2f98650cc4c">
<vCard:Orgname>The University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
<vCard:Orgunit>The Bioengineering Institute</vCard:Orgunit>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#62c568a8-cb4c-4b49-a375-ffe0c1d8db58">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/>
<rdf:value>j.lawson@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#fc9fcbc7-0263-4820-a21d-6cb0aab30ea1">
<vCard:Given>Richard</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Bertram</vCard:Family>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#02623e16-e5eb-4549-9712-5f6c0043eb75">
<vCard:FN>Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#73e9e190-ac5b-463c-be82-ffc62ca74630">
<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#79357532-a807-4680-8afa-78fdee11adbb"/>
<rdf:value>
Added publication date information.
</rdf:value>
<cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#c5b60d22-7baf-4cf2-ad2b-686bea8501f1"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$t4dx31">
<ns7:endingValue>5000</ns7:endingValue>
<ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>100000</ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>
<ns7:maximumStepSize>0.001</ns7:maximumStepSize>
<ns7:nonstandard-algorithm>bdf15</ns7:nonstandard-algorithm>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3ca11ded-a806-4f6e-872c-99fbf0f58600">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#e2fb2f91-4080-49f7-90fd-cc74abe5ca2d"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#PeAxnu1!T2\">
<ns7:simulation rdf:resource="rdf:#$r4dx31"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$s4dx31">
<rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
<rdf:first rdf:resource="rdf:#$t4dx31"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7a675be1-22ba-4bc3-bf0d-5e7929af3885">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#82c6de5a-bdcb-49f0-8fe4-bf536af0bd8e"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#daf3676d-99a8-40d9-9bae-70a8ba718909">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-08-08T00:00:00+00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#02f410bc-2f5e-4b35-bd14-c72502505ade">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#207a8f98-7b44-41b3-b0e2-a7c9525d1967"/>
<rdf:value>This model has been rebuilt according to the author's original XPPAUT code, which can be found at http://www.math.fsu.edu/~bertram/software/islet/BJ_04a.ode . Unfortunately the model is still unable to produce the correct output. This file is known to run in PCEnv.</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a83e4bca-65e9-41b4-97e7-677a3ca94ff7">
<ns7:boundIntervals rdf:resource="rdf:#a80fc084-91f0-459b-8f51-e76994c228c7"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#dd61c4b2-b30a-4fdb-b1e3-a459f03f9720">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#fc9fcbc7-0263-4820-a21d-6cb0aab30ea1"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e2fb2f91-4080-49f7-90fd-cc74abe5ca2d">
<vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e5bf1ac1-e996-4b58-bf0c-0c80afc4d07a">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#10cb6c74-d091-4c4a-934b-d778319a7205"/>
<dc:title>The Phantom Burster Model for Pancreatic Beta Cells</dc:title>
<bqs:volume>79</bqs:volume>
<bqs:first_page>2880</bqs:first_page>
<bqs:Journal rdf:resource="rdf:#9e045141-9618-42b0-ad6c-de2bdc4c9de9"/>
<dcterms:issued rdf:resource="rdf:#32838f11-2e32-44cb-9ed3-1dd8e655492e"/>
<bqs:last_page>2892</bqs:last_page>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c5b60d22-7baf-4cf2-ad2b-686bea8501f1">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#a049c1f5-2c5a-4be0-96b8-d394a9fd496a"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9c50959c-5ea6-43e5-a0d6-d0752f5c79ea">
<vCard:Given>Leslie</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Satin</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>S</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$rx2Kt">
<ns7:boundIntervals rdf:resource="rdf:#$sx2Kt"/>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</model>
