- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2007-09-01 04:50:47+12:00
- Desc:
- committing version02 of cartwright_husain_1986
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.cellml.org/workspace/368/rawfile/9b958462160f7118899b3ec779bf43a136dfb0f1/cartwright_husain_1986.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!-- FILE : cartwright_model_1986.xml
CREATED : 18th July 2007
LAST MODIFIED : 18th July 2007
AUTHOR : Catherine Lloyd
Bioengineering Institute
The University of Auckland
MODEL STATUS : This model conforms to the CellML 1.1 Specification.
DESCRIPTION : This file contains a CellML description of Cartwright and Husain's mathematical model for the control of testosterone secretion.
CHANGES:
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<title>A model for the control of testosterone secretion</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
Blood testosterone levels in human males fluctuate over 2-3 hour periods. Testosterone secretion from the testes is stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) and the production of LH is, in turn, stimulated by the hypothalamic hormone luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). Interestingly, the observed fluctuations in the blood levels of testosterone can be traced back to the pulsatile release of LHRH. Several mathematical models have been proposed to describe the pulsatile release of these three hormones. These models can be divided into two different classes:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Those which assume the existence of a <emphasis>neural clock</emphasis>; a pulse-generator which forces the hypothalamic secretion of LHRH.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>And those which assume there is no external pulse input, but explain the hormone pulsatility through interactions between the components of the system which produce <emphasis>feedback oscillations</emphasis>.</para>
</listitem>
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<para>
In the paper described here, Cartwright and Husain propose mathematical model incorporating time delays and negative feedback loops to describe the kinetics of the hormone cascade in the secretion of testosterone. Their model falls into the second category of models described above. The model has three components; the hypothalamus, pituitary and testes, and the rate of LH release from the pituitary depends on the the LHRH concentration, and the rate of testosterone synthesis in the testes depends on the LH concentration (as summarised in the figure below).
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_reaction_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
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<title>model diagram</title>
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<imagedata fileref="cartwright_1986.png"/>
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<caption>Schematic diagram of the mathematical model representing the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone system. The model has three main components: the hypothalamus which secretes LHRH, the pituitary which responds to LHRH by secreting LH, and the testes which, in responds to LH, secrete testosterone. Finally, LH and testosterone feedback on the hypothalamus to regulate LHRH secretion.</caption>
</informalfigure>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WMD-4KDGR70-B&_user=140507&_coverDate=11%2F21%2F1986&_rdoc=10&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236932%231986%23998769997%23627884%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6932&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=10&_acct=C000011498&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=140507&md5=591b6cf2fabcc4281c7933e283a2cd04">A model for the control of testosterone secretion</ulink>, Mark Cartwright and Masud Husain, 1986, <ulink url="http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622904/description#description">
<emphasis>Journal of Theoretical Biology</emphasis>
</ulink>, 123, 239-250. (A PDF version of the article is available to journal subscribers on the <emphasis>Journal of Theoretical Biology</emphasis> website.) <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=3306160&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum">PubMed ID: 3306160</ulink>
</para>
<para>
It should be noted that in its current form, the CellML description of the this model is unable to perfectly capture the simulation results of the published model, this is due to the time delays which are difficult to describe in the CellML code.
</para>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
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Cartwright and Husain's mathematical model for the control of testosterone secretion.
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