Location: Calcium Dynamics Annotations @ e5286c56f215 / topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000 / model / topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml

Author:
neilstephen2001 <npar276@aucklanduni.ac.nz>
Date:
2021-01-25 19:25:24+13:00
Desc:
adding OMEX archives to workspace
Permanent Source URI:
https://models.cellml.org/workspace/7f1/rawfile/e5286c56f215887763e6c18f35abf8043ea4110f/topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000/model/topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:semsim="http://www.bhi.washington.edu/SemSim#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" name="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000" cmeta:id="topp_2000">
  <documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
    <article>
      <articleinfo>
        <title>A Model of Beta-cell Mass, Insulin, and Glucose Kinetics</title>
        <author>
          <firstname>Catherine</firstname>
          <surname>Lloyd</surname>
          <affiliation>
            <shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland</shortaffil>
          </affiliation>
        </author>
      </articleinfo>
      <section id="sec_status">
        <title>Model Status</title>
        <para>This model runs in OpenCell and COR and the units are consistent throughout. The CellML equations are consistent with the published model, but the CellML model does not recreate the published results for unknown reasons.</para>
      </section>
      <sect1 id="sec_structure">
        <title>Model Structure</title>
        <para>ABSTRACT: Diabetes is a disease of the glucose regulatory system that is associated with increased morbidity and early mortality. The primary variables of this system are beta-cell mass, plasma insulin concentrations, and plasma glucose concentrations. Existing mathematical models of glucose regulation incorporate only glucose and/or insulin dynamics. Here we develop a novel model of beta-cell mass, insulin, and glucose dynamics, which consists of a system of three nonlinear ordinary differential equations, where glucose and insulin dynamics are fast relative to beta-cell mass dynamics. For normal parameter values, the model has two stable fixed points (representing physiological and pathological steady states), separated on a slow manifold by a saddle point. Mild hyperglycemia leads to the growth of the beta-cell mass (negative feedback) while extreme hyperglycemia leads to the reduction of the beta-cell mass (positive feedback). The model predicts that there are three pathways in prolonged hyperglycemia: (1) the physiological fixed point can be shifted to a hyperglycemic level (regulated hyperglycemia), (2) the physiological and saddle points can be eliminated (bifurcation), and (3) progressive defects in glucose and/or insulin dynamics can drive glucose levels up at a rate faster than the adaptation of the beta-cell mass which can drive glucose levels down (dynamical hyperglycemia).</para>
        <para>The original paper reference is cited below:</para>
        <para>
          A Model of Beta-cell Mass, Insulin, and Glucose Kinetics: Pathways to Diabetes, Brian Topp, Keith Promislow, Gerda de Vries, Robert M. Miura and Diane T. Finegood, 2000,
          <emphasis>Journal of Theoretical Biology</emphasis>
          , 206, 605-619.
          <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=11013117&amp;dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 11013117</ulink>
        </para>
        <informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <objectinfo>
                <title>Cell schematic for the model</title>
              </objectinfo>
              <imagedata fileref="topp_2000a.png" />
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
          <caption>Schematic diagram of the pancreatic beta-cells.  Glucose is taken up and produced in response to insulin secretion and clearance.  Beta-cell formation and loss represent the rates at which beta-cells replicate and die.</caption>
        </informalfigure>
      </sect1>
    </article>
  </documentation>
  <units name="dl2_per_mg2_per_day">
    <unit exponent="-2.0" prefix="milli" units="gram" />
    <unit exponent="-1.0" units="day" />
    <unit exponent="2.0" prefix="deci" units="litre" />
  </units>
  <units name="microU_per_ml_per_day">
    <unit exponent="-1.0" prefix="milli" units="litre" />
    <unit prefix="micro" units="U" />
    <unit exponent="-1.0" units="day" />
  </units>
  <units name="dl_per_mg_per_day">
    <unit prefix="deci" units="litre" />
    <unit exponent="-1.0" units="day" />
    <unit exponent="-1.0" prefix="milli" units="gram" />
  </units>
  <units name="mg_per_dl_per_day">
    <unit exponent="-1.0" prefix="deci" units="litre" />
    <unit exponent="-1.0" units="day" />
    <unit prefix="milli" units="gram" />
  </units>
  <units name="day">
    <unit multiplier="86400.0" units="second" />
  </units>
  <units name="mg_per_dl">
    <unit exponent="-1.0" prefix="deci" units="litre" />
    <unit prefix="milli" units="gram" />
  </units>
  <units name="mg2_per_dl2">
    <unit exponent="2.0" units="mg_per_dl" />
  </units>
  <units name="mg">
    <unit prefix="milli" units="gram" />
  </units>
  <units name="ml_per_microU_per_day">
    <unit exponent="-1.0" prefix="micro" units="U" />
    <unit exponent="-1.0" units="day" />
    <unit prefix="milli" units="litre" />
  </units>
  <units name="per_day">
    <unit exponent="-1.0" units="day" />
  </units>
  <units name="U">
    <unit multiplier="1.6605402E-24" units="gram" />
  </units>
  <units name="microU_per_ml">
    <unit exponent="-1.0" prefix="milli" units="liter" />
    <unit prefix="micro" units="U" />
  </units>
  <component name="environment">
    <variable cmeta:id="environment.time" name="time" public_interface="out" units="day" />
  </component>
  <component name="glucose_dynamics">
    <variable cmeta:id="glucose_dynamics.G" initial_value="600" name="G" public_interface="out" units="mg_per_dl" />
    <variable cmeta:id="glucose_dynamics.R0" initial_value="846" name="R0" units="mg_per_dl_per_day" />
    <variable cmeta:id="glucose_dynamics.SI" initial_value="0.72" name="SI" units="ml_per_microU_per_day" />
    <variable cmeta:id="glucose_dynamics.EG0" initial_value="1.44" name="EG0" units="per_day" />
    <variable cmeta:id="glucose_dynamics.time" name="time" public_interface="in" units="day" />
    <variable cmeta:id="glucose_dynamics.I" name="I" public_interface="in" units="microU_per_ml" />
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply>
        <eq />
        <apply>
          <diff />
          <bvar>
            <ci>time</ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci>G</ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus />
          <ci>R0</ci>
          <apply>
            <times />
            <apply>
              <plus />
              <ci>EG0</ci>
              <apply>
                <times />
                <ci>SI</ci>
                <ci>I</ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <ci>G</ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  <component name="insulin_dynamics">
    <variable cmeta:id="insulin_dynamics.I" initial_value="0" name="I" public_interface="out" units="microU_per_ml" />
    <variable cmeta:id="insulin_dynamics.alpha" initial_value="2000" name="alpha" units="mg2_per_dl2" />
    <variable cmeta:id="insulin_dynamics.sigma" initial_value="43.2" name="sigma" units="microU_per_ml_per_day" />
    <variable cmeta:id="insulin_dynamics.k" initial_value="432" name="k" units="per_day" />
    <variable cmeta:id="insulin_dynamics.time" name="time" public_interface="in" units="day" />
    <variable cmeta:id="insulin_dynamics.G" name="G" public_interface="in" units="mg_per_dl" />
    <variable cmeta:id="insulin_dynamics.beta" name="beta" public_interface="in" units="mg" />
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply>
        <eq />
        <apply>
          <diff />
          <bvar>
            <ci>time</ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci>I</ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus />
          <apply>
            <divide />
            <apply>
              <times />
              <apply>
                <divide />
                <ci>beta</ci>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mg">1</cn>
              </apply>
              <ci>sigma</ci>
              <apply>
                <power />
                <ci>G</ci>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <plus />
              <ci>alpha</ci>
              <apply>
                <power />
                <ci>G</ci>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times />
            <ci>k</ci>
            <ci>I</ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  <component name="beta_cell_dynamics">
    <variable cmeta:id="beta_cell_dynamics.beta" initial_value="0" name="beta" public_interface="out" units="mg" />
    <variable cmeta:id="beta_cell_dynamics.d0" initial_value="0.06" name="d0" units="per_day" />
    <variable cmeta:id="beta_cell_dynamics.r1" initial_value="0.84e-3" name="r1" units="dl_per_mg_per_day" />
    <variable cmeta:id="beta_cell_dynamics.r2" initial_value="0.24e-5" name="r2" units="dl2_per_mg2_per_day" />
    <variable cmeta:id="beta_cell_dynamics.time" name="time" public_interface="in" units="day" />
    <variable cmeta:id="beta_cell_dynamics.G" name="G" public_interface="in" units="mg_per_dl" />
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply>
        <eq />
        <apply>
          <diff />
          <bvar>
            <ci>time</ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci>beta</ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <times />
          <apply>
            <plus />
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>r1</ci>
              <ci>G</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <minus />
              <ci>d0</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times />
              <apply>
                <minus />
                <ci>r2</ci>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <power />
                <ci>G</ci>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <ci>beta</ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="glucose_dynamics" component_2="insulin_dynamics" />
    <map_variables variable_1="G" variable_2="G" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="glucose_dynamics" component_2="beta_cell_dynamics" />
    <map_variables variable_1="G" variable_2="G" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="environment" component_2="glucose_dynamics" />
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="environment" component_2="insulin_dynamics" />
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="beta_cell_dynamics" component_2="insulin_dynamics" />
    <map_variables variable_1="beta" variable_2="beta" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="environment" component_2="beta_cell_dynamics" />
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="insulin_dynamics" component_2="glucose_dynamics" />
    <map_variables variable_1="I" variable_2="I" />
  </connection>
  <rdf:RDF xmlns:bqmodel="http://biomodels.net/model-qualifiers/" xmlns:bqbiol="http://biomodels.net/biology-qualifiers/" xmlns:ro="http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/ro.owl#" xmlns:opb="http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#">
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#glucose_dynamics.I">
      <dcterms:description>concentration of insulin in the blood</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#glucose_dynamics.SI">
      <dcterms:description>total insulin sensitivity</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#topp_2000" bqmodel:isDescribedBy="11013117">
      <semsim:modelName>topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000</semsim:modelName>
      <semsim:modelName>topp_2000</semsim:modelName>
      <semsim:unknown>Topp et al.s 2000 model of beta-cell mass, insulin, and glucose dynamics.</semsim:unknown>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#insulin_dynamics.I">
      <dcterms:description>concentration of insulin in the blood</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#glucose_dynamics.G">
      <dcterms:description>concentration of glucose in the blood</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#glucose_dynamics.R0">
      <dcterms:description>net rate of insulin production at zero glucose</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#beta_cell_dynamics.r2">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296" />
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#insulin_dynamics.G">
      <dcterms:description>concentration of glucose in the blood</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#glucose_dynamics.R0">
      <dcterms:description>net rate of insulin production at zero glucose</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#beta_cell_dynamics.d0">
      <dcterms:description>death rate of beta cells at zero glucose</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#beta_cell_dynamics.d0">
      <dcterms:description>death rate of beta cells at zero glucose</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#beta_cell_dynamics.G">
      <dcterms:description>concentration of glucose in the blood</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#glucose_dynamics.I">
      <dcterms:description>concentration of insulin in the blood</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#beta_cell_dynamics.beta">
      <bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#entity_0">
          <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/fma/FMA:85704" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
      <dcterms:description>mass of pancreatic beta cells</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#insulin_dynamics.G">
      <dcterms:description>concentration of glucose in the blood</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#glucose_dynamics.G">
      <dcterms:description>concentration of glucose in the blood</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#beta_cell_dynamics.G">
      <dcterms:description>concentration of glucose in the blood</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#insulin_dynamics.I">
      <dcterms:description>concentration of insulin in the blood</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#insulin_dynamics.sigma">
      <dcterms:description>maximal insulin secretion rate of beta cells</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#beta_cell_dynamics.r2">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296" />
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#beta_cell_dynamics.time">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023" />
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#insulin_dynamics.sigma">
      <dcterms:description>maximal insulin secretion rate of beta cells</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#glucose_dynamics.EG0">
      <dcterms:description>total glucose effectiveness at zero insulin</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#beta_cell_dynamics.r1">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296" />
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#environment.time">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023" />
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#glucose_dynamics.EG0">
      <dcterms:description>total glucose effectiveness at zero insulin</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#insulin_dynamics.time">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023" />
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#insulin_dynamics.time">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023" />
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#insulin_dynamics.k">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296" />
      <dcterms:description>clearance constant for total insulin uptake</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#beta_cell_dynamics.time">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023" />
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#insulin_dynamics.beta">
      <bqbiol:isPropertyOf rdf:resource="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#entity_0" />
      <dcterms:description>mass of pancreatic beta cells</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#beta_cell_dynamics.beta">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_1">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf>
            <rdf:Description rdf:about="#entity_0">
              <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/fma/FMA:85704" />
            </rdf:Description>
          </semsim:physicalPropertyOf>
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01226" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>mass of pancreatic beta cells</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#insulin_dynamics.alpha">
      <dcterms:description>half maximal effective concentration of glucose</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#glucose_dynamics.SI">
      <dcterms:description>total insulin sensitivity</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#glucose_dynamics.time">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023" />
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#glucose_dynamics.time">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023" />
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#insulin_dynamics.k">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296" />
      <dcterms:description>clearance constant for total insulin uptake</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#insulin_dynamics.beta">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_0">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_0" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01226" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>mass of pancreatic beta cells</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#environment.time">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023" />
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#beta_cell_dynamics.r1">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296" />
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#insulin_dynamics.alpha">
      <dcterms:description>half maximal effective concentration of glucose</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegood_2000.cellml#topp_2000" bqmodel:isDescribedBy="11013117" />
  </rdf:RDF>
</model>