- Author:
- Shelley Fong <s.fong@auckland.ac.nz>
- Date:
- 2022-04-29 14:34:37+12:00
- Desc:
- rename file
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.cellml.org/workspace/848/rawfile/29b1189d7eba93d761945bbdcaea4c919484c764/bhalla_kinetic.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!-- FILE : bi_PLC_beta_pathway_1999.xml-->
<model cmeta:id="bhalla_model_1999" name="bhalla_model_1999" xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#">
<units name="micromolar">
<unit prefix="micro" units="mole"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="litre"/>
</units>
<units name="flux">
<unit units="micromolar"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="second"/>
</units>
<units name="first_order_rate_constant_units">
<unit exponent="-1" units="second"/>
</units>
<units name="second_order_rate_constant_units">
<unit exponent="-1" units="micromolar"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="second"/>
</units>
<component name="global_variables">
<variable name="time" public_interface="out" units="second"/>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="DAG" name="DAG">
<variable initial_value="0" name="DAG" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_DAG_rxn2" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_DAG_rxn3" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_DAG_rxn0" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>DAG</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>delta_DAG_rxn2</ci>
<ci>delta_DAG_rxn3</ci>
<ci>delta_DAG_rxn0</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="PC">
<variable initial_value="0" name="PC" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_PC_rxn0" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>PC</ci>
</apply>
<ci>delta_PC_rxn0</ci>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="IP3" name="IP3">
<variable initial_value="0" name="IP3" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_IP3_rxn2" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_IP3_rxn3" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_IP3_rxn1" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>IP3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>delta_IP3_rxn2</ci>
<ci>delta_IP3_rxn3</ci>
<ci>delta_IP3_rxn1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Inositol">
<variable initial_value="0" name="Inositol" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_Inositol_rxn1" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Inositol</ci>
</apply>
<ci>delta_Inositol_rxn1</ci>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="PLC" name="PLC">
<variable initial_value="0.8" name="PLC" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_PLC_rxn4" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_PLC_rxn5" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>PLC</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>delta_PLC_rxn4</ci>
<ci>delta_PLC_rxn5</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="Ca" name="Ca">
<variable initial_value="1.0" name="Ca" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_Ca_rxn4" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca</ci>
</apply>
<ci>delta_Ca_rxn4</ci>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_PLC">
<variable initial_value="0" name="Ca_PLC" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_Ca_PLC_rxn4" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Ca_PLC_rxn8" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Ca_PLC_rxn7" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_PLC</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>delta_Ca_PLC_rxn4</ci>
<ci>delta_Ca_PLC_rxn8</ci>
<ci>delta_Ca_PLC_rxn7</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="PIP2" name="PIP2">
<variable initial_value="10.0" name="PIP2" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_PIP2_rxn2" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_PIP2_rxn3" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>PIP2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>delta_PIP2_rxn2</ci>
<ci>delta_PIP2_rxn3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="Gq" name="Gq">
<variable initial_value="1.0" name="Gq" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_Gq_rxn8" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Gq_rxn5" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Gq_rxn6" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Gq_rxn7" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Gq</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>delta_Gq_rxn8</ci>
<ci>delta_Gq_rxn5</ci>
<ci>delta_Gq_rxn6</ci>
<ci>delta_Gq_rxn7</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Gq_PLC">
<variable initial_value="0" name="Gq_PLC" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_Gq_PLC_rxn5" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Gq_PLC_rxn6" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Gq_PLC</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>delta_Gq_PLC_rxn5</ci>
<ci>delta_Gq_PLC_rxn6</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_Gq_PLC">
<variable initial_value="1.0" name="Ca_Gq_PLC" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_Ca_Gq_PLC_rxn6" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Ca_Gq_PLC_rxn7" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Ca_Gq_PLC_rxn8" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_Gq_PLC</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>delta_Ca_Gq_PLC_rxn6</ci>
<ci>delta_Ca_Gq_PLC_rxn7</ci>
<ci>delta_Ca_Gq_PLC_rxn8</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="reaction0">
<variable name="DAG" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="PC" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_DAG_rxn0" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_PC_rxn0" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="0.15" name="k0" units="first_order_rate_constant_units"/>
<variable name="rate" units="flux"/>
<!-- <reaction reversible="no">-->
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k0</ci>
<ci>DAG</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_DAG_rxn0</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_PC_rxn0</ci>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="reaction1">
<variable name="IP3" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Inositol" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_IP3_rxn1" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Inositol_rxn1" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="2.5" name="k1" units="first_order_rate_constant_units"/>
<variable name="rate" units="flux"/>
<!-- <reaction reversible="no"> -->
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k1</ci>
<ci>IP3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_IP3_rxn1</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_Inositol_rxn1</ci>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="reaction2">
<variable name="PIP2" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="DAG" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="IP3" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_PLC" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_PIP2_rxn2" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_DAG_rxn2" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_IP3_rxn2" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="5.0" name="km2" units="micromolar"/>
<variable initial_value="48.0" name="vmax2" units="first_order_rate_constant_units"/>
<variable name="rate" units="flux"/>
<!-- <reaction reversible="no"> -->
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>PIP2</ci>
<ci>vmax2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>km2</ci>
<ci>PIP2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_PIP2_rxn2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_IP3_rxn2</ci>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_DAG_rxn2</ci>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</math>
<!-- Ca_PLC = rate - rate; // catalyst-->
</component>
<component name="reaction3">
<variable name="PIP2" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="DAG" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="IP3" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_Gq_PLC" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_PIP2_rxn3" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_DAG_rxn3" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_IP3_rxn3" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="19.84166667" name="km3" units="micromolar"/>
<variable initial_value="10.0" name="vmax3" units="first_order_rate_constant_units"/>
<variable name="rate" units="flux"/>
<!-- <reaction reversible="no">-->
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>PIP2</ci>
<ci>vmax3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>km3</ci>
<ci>PIP2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_PIP2_rxn3</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_DAG_rxn3</ci>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_IP3_rxn3</ci>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</math>
<!-- Ca_Gq_PLC = rate - rate; // catalyst-->
</component>
<component name="reaction4">
<variable name="PLC" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Ca" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_PLC" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_PLC_rxn4" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Ca_rxn4" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Ca_PLC_rxn4" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="0.000005" name="k4p" units="second_order_rate_constant_units"/>
<variable initial_value="1.0" name="k4m" units="first_order_rate_constant_units"/>
<variable name="rate" units="flux"/>
<!-- <reaction reversible="yes">-->
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k4p</ci>
<ci>PLC</ci>
<ci>Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k4m</ci>
<ci>Ca_PLC</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_PLC_rxn4</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_Ca_rxn4</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_Ca_PLC_rxn4</ci>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="reaction5">
<variable name="PLC" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Gq" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Gq_PLC" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_PLC_rxn5" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Gq_rxn5" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Gq_PLC_rxn5" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0000042" name="k5p" units="second_order_rate_constant_units"/>
<variable initial_value="1.0" name="k5m" units="first_order_rate_constant_units"/>
<variable name="rate" units="flux"/>
<!-- <reaction reversible="yes">-->
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k5p</ci>
<ci>PLC</ci>
<ci>Gq</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k5m</ci>
<ci>Gq_PLC</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_PLC_rxn5</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_Gq_rxn5</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_Gq_PLC_rxn5</ci>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="reaction6">
<variable name="Gq" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Gq_PLC" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_Gq_PLC" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_Gq_rxn6" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Gq_PLC_rxn6" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Ca_Gq_PLC_rxn6" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="0.00005" name="k6p" units="second_order_rate_constant_units"/>
<variable initial_value="1.0" name="k6m" units="first_order_rate_constant_units"/>
<variable name="rate" units="flux"/>
<!-- <reaction reversible="yes">-->
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k6p</ci>
<ci>Gq</ci>
<ci>Gq_PLC</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k6m</ci>
<ci>Ca_Gq_PLC</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_Gq_rxn6</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_Gq_PLC_rxn6</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_Ca_Gq_PLC_rxn6</ci>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="reaction7">
<variable name="Ca_PLC" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Gq" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_Gq_PLC" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_Ca_PLC_rxn7" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Gq_rxn7" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Ca_Gq_PLC_rxn7" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="0.000042" name="k7p" units="second_order_rate_constant_units"/>
<variable initial_value="1.0" name="k7m" units="first_order_rate_constant_units"/>
<variable name="rate" units="flux"/>
<!-- <reaction reversible="yes">-->
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k7p</ci>
<ci>Ca_PLC</ci>
<ci>Gq</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k7m</ci>
<ci>Ca_Gq_PLC</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_Ca_PLC_rxn7</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_Gq_rxn7</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_Ca_Gq_PLC_rxn7</ci>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="reaction8">
<variable name="Ca_Gq_PLC" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_PLC" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Gq" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="delta_Ca_Gq_PLC_rxn8" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Ca_PLC_rxn8" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="delta_Gq_rxn8" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0133" name="k8" units="first_order_rate_constant_units"/>
<variable name="rate" units="flux"/>
<!-- <reaction reversible="no">-->
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k8</ci>
<ci>Ca_Gq_PLC</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_Ca_Gq_PLC_rxn8</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_Ca_PLC_rxn8</ci>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>delta_Gq_rxn8</ci>
<ci>rate</ci>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="DAG" component_2="reaction2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="DAG" variable_2="DAG"/>
<map_variables variable_1="delta_DAG_rxn2" variable_2="delta_DAG_rxn2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="DAG" component_2="reaction3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="DAG" variable_2="DAG"/>
<map_variables variable_1="delta_DAG_rxn3" variable_2="delta_DAG_rxn3"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="DAG" component_2="reaction0"/>
<map_variables variable_1="DAG" variable_2="DAG"/>
<map_variables variable_1="delta_DAG_rxn0" variable_2="delta_DAG_rxn0"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="PC" component_2="reaction0"/>
<map_variables variable_1="PC" variable_2="PC"/>
<map_variables variable_1="delta_PC_rxn0" variable_2="delta_PC_rxn0"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="IP3" component_2="reaction2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="IP3" variable_2="IP3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="delta_IP3_rxn2" variable_2="delta_IP3_rxn2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="IP3" component_2="reaction3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="IP3" variable_2="IP3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="delta_IP3_rxn3" variable_2="delta_IP3_rxn3"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="IP3" component_2="reaction1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="IP3" variable_2="IP3"/>
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<title xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">The Phospholipase C (PLC) (beta) Pathway Model from Bhalla and Iyengar</title>
<author xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<firstname xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">Catherine</firstname>
<surname xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">Lloyd</surname>
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<shortaffil xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland</shortaffil>
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<title xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">Model Status</title>
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This version of the CellML model describes the PLC (beta) pathway component of the Bhalla-Iyengar model. This model is able to be solved but does not give the correct results as it is not connected to the other modules of the pathway. ValidateCellML verifies this model as valid CellML but detects unit inconsistencies.
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<title xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">Model Structure</title>
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ABSTRACT: Many distinct signaling pathways allow the cell to receive, process, and respond to information. Often, components of different pathways interact, resulting in signaling networks. Biochemical signaling networks were constructed with experimentally obtained constants and analyzed by computational methods to understand their role in complex biological processes. These networks exhibit emergent properties such as integration of signals across multiple time scales, generation of distinct outputs depending on input strength and duration, and self-sustaining feedback loops. Feedback can result in bistable behavior with discrete steady-state activities, well-defined input thresholds for transition between states and prolonged signal output, and signal modulation in response to transient stimuli. These properties of signaling networks raise the possibility that information for "learned behavior" of biological systems may be stored within intracellular biochemical reactions that comprise signaling pathways.
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The original paper reference is cited below:
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Emergent properties of networks of biological signaling pathways. Bhalla US, Iyengar R.
<emphasis xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">Science</emphasis> 1999 Jan 15; 283(5400); 381-7. <ulink xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation" url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9888852&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 9888852</ulink>
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<title xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">model diagram</title>
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<caption xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">A rendering of the PLC (beta) pathway component of the Bhalla-Iyengar model.</caption>
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The University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute
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Emergent Properties of Networks of Biological Signaling Pathways
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<bqs:volume xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#">283</bqs:volume>
<bqs:first_page xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#">381</bqs:first_page>
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<bqs:last_page xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#">387</bqs:last_page>
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<dcterms:alternative xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">phospholipase C</dcterms:alternative>
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