Location: Bindschadler, Sneyd, 2001 @ 88b58e8bd664 / bindschadler_sneyd_2001.cellml

Author:
Catherine Lloyd <c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz>
Date:
2010-08-23 23:32:06+12:00
Desc:
Annotated model, updated documentation and removed redundant old image from the workspace.
Permanent Source URI:
https://models.cellml.org/workspace/bindschadler_sneyd_2001/rawfile/88b58e8bd6649b8ca8b8c740fda8eef519cebc95/bindschadler_sneyd_2001.cellml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

<model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" name="bindschadler_sneyd_2001" cmeta:id="bindschadler_sneyd_2001">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
  <articleinfo>
  <title>A Bifurcation Analysis of Two Coupled Calcium Oscillators</title>
  <author>
    <firstname>Catherine</firstname>
          <surname>Lloyd</surname>
    <affiliation>
      <shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland</shortaffil>
    </affiliation>
  </author>
</articleinfo>
  <section id="sec_status">
    <title>Model Status</title>
    <para>
            This CellML model runs in both OpenCell and COR to produce an oscillating output similar to that from the original published model. The units have been checked and they are consistent.
          </para>
  </section>
  <sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>

<para>
ABSTRACT: In many cell types, asynchronous or synchronous oscillations in the concentration of intracellular free calcium occur in adjacent cells that are coupled by gap junctions. Such oscillations are believed to underlie oscillatory intercellular calcium waves in some cell types, and thus it is important to understand how they occur and are modified by intercellular coupling. Using a previous model of intracellular calcium oscillations in pancreatic acinar cells, this article explores the effects of coupling two cells with a simple linear diffusion term. Depending on the concentration of a signal molecule, inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate, coupling two identical cells by diffusion can give rise to synchronized in-phase oscillations, as well as different-amplitude in-phase oscillations and same-amplitude antiphase oscillations. Coupling two nonidentical cells leads to more complex behaviors such as cascades of period doubling and multiply periodic solutions. This study is a first step towards understanding the role and significance of the diffusion of calcium through gap junctions in the coordination of oscillatory calcium waves in a variety of cell types.
</para>

<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>

<para>
A bifurcation analysis of two coupled calcium oscillators, Michael Bindschadler and James Sneyd, 2001, <emphasis>CHAOS</emphasis>, 11, 237-246.  <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12779457">PubMed ID: 12779457</ulink>
</para>

<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <objectinfo>
                <title>cell diagram</title>
              </objectinfo>
              <imagedata fileref="bindschadler_2001.png"/>
            </imageobject>
            <caption>
Schematic diagram of the IP3 receptor model.  The receptor with its three possible states: X, Y, and Z; representing open, shut and inactive respectively, is embedded within a model of intracellular calcium dynamics.
</caption>
          </mediaobject>
        </informalfigure>

</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>

  <units name="per_second">
    <unit units="second" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  <units name="micro_molar">
    <unit units="mole" prefix="micro"/>
    <unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
  </units>
  <units name="micro_molar_per_second">
    <unit units="micro_molar"/>
    <unit units="per_second"/>
  </units>
  <units name="second_order_rate">
    <unit units="micro_molar" exponent="-1"/>
    <unit units="per_second"/>
  </units>
  
  <component name="environment">
    <variable units="second" public_interface="out" name="time"/>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="h1" name="h1">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" >
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="#h1">
        <dc:title>h1</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>receptor concentration in cell 1</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF> 
	<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="in" name="phi3_c1"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="h1" initial_value="0.8"/>
    <variable units="second_order_rate" public_interface="in" name="phi1_c1"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="in" name="phi2_c1"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="in" name="p"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="in" name="phi_1_c1"/>
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="d(h1)/d(time)">
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci>time</ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci>h1</ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci>phi3_c1</ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
              <ci>h1</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci>phi1_c1</ci>
              <ci>phi2_c1</ci>
              <ci>h1</ci>
              <ci>p</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci>phi1_c1</ci>
                <ci>p</ci>
              </apply>
              <ci>phi_1_c1</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="h2" name="h2">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" >
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="#h2">
        <dc:title>h2</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>receptor concentration in cell 2</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF> 
    <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="in" name="phi3_c2"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="h2" initial_value="0.1"/>
    <variable units="second_order_rate" public_interface="in" name="phi1_c2"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="in" name="phi2_c2"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="in" name="p"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="in" name="phi_1_c2"/>
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="d(h2)/d(time)">
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci>time</ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci>h2</ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci>phi3_c2</ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
              <ci>h2</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci>phi1_c2</ci>
              <ci>phi2_c2</ci>
              <ci>h2</ci>
              <ci>p</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci>phi1_c2</ci>
                <ci>p</ci>
              </apply>
              <ci>phi_1_c2</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="phi" name="phi">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" >
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="#phi">
        <dc:title>phi</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>rate functions</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF> 
    <variable units="second_order_rate" public_interface="out" name="phi1_c1"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="out" name="phi_1_c1"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="out" name="phi2_c1"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="out" name="phi3_c1"/>
    <variable units="second_order_rate" public_interface="out" name="phi1_c2"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="out" name="phi_1_c2"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="out" name="phi2_c2"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="out" name="phi3_c2"/>
	<variable units="second_order_rate" public_interface="in" name="r2"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="in" name="R1"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="k1"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="in" name="R3"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="k2"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="in" name="r4"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="k3"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="in" name="R5"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="in" name="c1"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="in" name="c2"/>
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>phi1_c1</ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci>r2</ci>
            <ci>c1</ci>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci>R1</ci>
            <ci>c1</ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>phi_1_c1</ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci>k1</ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci>R3</ci>
            <ci>c1</ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>phi2_c1</ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci>k2</ci>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci>r4</ci>
              <ci>c1</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci>R3</ci>
            <ci>c1</ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>phi3_c1</ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci>k3</ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci>R5</ci>
            <ci>c1</ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>phi1_c2</ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci>r2</ci>
            <ci>c2</ci>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci>R1</ci>
            <ci>c2</ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>phi_1_c2</ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci>k1</ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci>R3</ci>
            <ci>c2</ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>phi2_c2</ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci>k2</ci>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci>r4</ci>
              <ci>c2</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci>R3</ci>
            <ci>c2</ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>phi3_c2</ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci>k3</ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci>R5</ci>
            <ci>c2</ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="j_pump" name="j_pump">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" >
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="#j_pump">
        <dc:title>j_pump</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>Ca2+ ATPase pump</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF> 
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="Vp"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="in" name="c1"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="in" name="c2"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="in" name="Kp"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="j_pump_c1"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="j_pump_c2"/>
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="j_pump_c1">
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>j_pump_c1</ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci>Vp</ci>
            <apply>
              <power/>
              <ci>c1</ci>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <apply>
              <power/>
              <ci>Kp</ci>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <power/>
              <ci>c1</ci>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="j_pump_c2">
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>j_pump_c2</ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci>Vp</ci>
            <apply>
              <power/>
              <ci>c2</ci>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <apply>
              <power/>
              <ci>Kp</ci>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <power/>
              <ci>c2</ci>
              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="j_receptor" name="j_receptor">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" >
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="#j_receptor">
        <dc:title>j_receptor</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>IP3 receptor</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF> 
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="kf"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="in" name="p"/>
    <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="h1"/>
    <variable units="second_order_rate" public_interface="in" name="phi1_c1"/>
    <variable units="second_order_rate" public_interface="in" name="phi1_c2"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="in" name="phi_1_c1"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="in" name="phi_1_c2"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="j_receptor_c1"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="j_receptor_c2"/>
	<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="h2"/>
  
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="j_receptor_c1">
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>j_receptor_c1</ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci>kf</ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci>p</ci>
                <ci>h1</ci>
                <ci>phi1_c1</ci>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>phi1_c1</ci>
                  <ci>p</ci>
                </apply>
                <ci>phi_1_c1</ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="j_receptor_c2">
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>j_receptor_c2</ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci>kf</ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci>p</ci>
                <ci>h2</ci>
                <ci>phi1_c2</ci>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>phi1_c2</ci>
                  <ci>p</ci>
                </apply>
                <ci>phi_1_c2</ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="j_diffusion" name="j_diffusion">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" >
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="#j_diffusion">
        <dc:title>j_diffusion</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>calcium diffusion</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF> 
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="j_diffusion"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="in" name="D"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="in" name="c1"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="in" name="c2"/>
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="j_diffusion">
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>j_diffusion</ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci>D</ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci>c2</ci>
            <ci>c1</ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="c1" name="c1">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" >
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="#c1">
        <dc:title>c1</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>calcium concentration in cell 1</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF> 
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="out" name="c1" initial_value="0.3"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="j_receptor_c1"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="j_pump_c1"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="j_leak"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="j_diffusion"/>
	<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="d(c1)/d(time)">
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci>time</ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci>c1</ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <plus/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci>j_receptor_c1</ci>
            <ci>j_pump_c1</ci>
          </apply>
          <ci>j_leak</ci>
          <ci>j_diffusion</ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="c2" name="c2">
    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" >
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="#c2">
        <dc:title>c2</dc:title>
        <dcterms:alternative>calcium concentration in cell 2</dcterms:alternative>  
      </rdf:Description>
    </rdf:RDF> 
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="out" name="c2" initial_value="0.1"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="j_receptor_c2"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="j_pump_c2"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="j_leak"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="j_diffusion"/>
	<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="d(c2)/d(time)">
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci>time</ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci>c2</ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <plus/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci>j_receptor_c2</ci>
            <ci>j_pump_c2</ci>
          </apply>
          <ci>j_leak</ci>
          <ci>j_diffusion</ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component name="model_parameters">
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="kf" initial_value="28"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="Vp" initial_value="1.2"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="out" name="R5" initial_value="1.6"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="out" name="R3" initial_value="50"/>
    <variable units="second_order_rate" public_interface="out" name="r2" initial_value="100"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="out" name="R1" initial_value="6"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="j_leak" initial_value="0.2"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="out" name="Kp" initial_value="0.18"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="k2" initial_value="26.5"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="k1" initial_value="44"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="out" name="r4" initial_value="20"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="k3" initial_value="1.6"/>
    <variable units="micro_molar" public_interface="out" name="p" initial_value="0.2778"/>
    <variable units="per_second" public_interface="out" name="D" initial_value="0.01"/>
  </component>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="h1" component_1="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="h1" component_1="phi"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="phi1_c1" variable_1="phi1_c1"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="phi2_c1" variable_1="phi2_c1"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="phi3_c1" variable_1="phi3_c1"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="phi_1_c1" variable_1="phi_1_c1"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="h1" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="p" variable_1="p"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
    <map_components component_2="h2" component_1="environment"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="h2" component_1="phi"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="phi1_c2" variable_1="phi1_c2"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="phi2_c2" variable_1="phi2_c2"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="phi3_c2" variable_1="phi3_c2"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="phi_1_c2" variable_1="phi_1_c2"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="h2" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="p" variable_1="p"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="phi" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="r2" variable_1="r2"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R1" variable_1="R1"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="k1" variable_1="k1"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R3" variable_1="R3"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="k2" variable_1="k2"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="r4" variable_1="r4"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="k3" variable_1="k3"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="R5" variable_1="R5"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="phi" component_1="c1"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="c1" variable_1="c1"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="phi" component_1="c2"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="c2" variable_1="c2"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="j_pump" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Vp" variable_1="Vp"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Kp" variable_1="Kp"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="j_pump" component_1="c1"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="c1" variable_1="c1"/>
  <map_variables variable_2="j_pump_c1" variable_1="j_pump_c1"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="j_pump" component_1="c2"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="c2" variable_1="c2"/>
  <map_variables variable_2="j_pump_c2" variable_1="j_pump_c2"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="j_receptor" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="kf" variable_1="kf"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="p" variable_1="p"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="j_receptor" component_1="h1"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="h1" variable_1="h1"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="j_receptor" component_1="h2"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="h2" variable_1="h2"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="j_receptor" component_1="phi"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="phi1_c1" variable_1="phi1_c1"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="phi_1_c1" variable_1="phi_1_c1"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="phi1_c2" variable_1="phi1_c2"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="phi_1_c2" variable_1="phi_1_c2"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="j_diffusion" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="D" variable_1="D"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="j_diffusion" component_1="c1"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="c1" variable_1="c1"/>
  <map_variables variable_2="j_diffusion" variable_1="j_diffusion"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="j_diffusion" component_1="c2"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="c2" variable_1="c2"/>
  <map_variables variable_2="j_diffusion" variable_1="j_diffusion"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="c1" component_1="j_receptor"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="j_receptor_c1" variable_1="j_receptor_c1"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="c1" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="j_leak" variable_1="j_leak"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="c2" component_1="j_receptor"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="j_receptor_c2" variable_1="j_receptor_c2"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="c2" component_1="model_parameters"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="j_leak" variable_1="j_leak"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="c2" component_1="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="c1" component_1="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>


<rdf:RDF>
  <rdf:Bag rdf:about="rdf:#0984ce3e-f973-40db-b74c-c1ae2db99b8e">
    <rdf:li>bifurcation</rdf:li>
    <rdf:li>oscillator</rdf:li>
    <rdf:li>calcium dynamics</rdf:li>
  </rdf:Bag>
  <rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#de8449ff-b4b5-4dff-87c5-eaf3c9f7cf5d">
    <rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#15671e0c-2590-4ad0-aa86-72fb2e846bb3"/>
    <rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#c95a2e51-3a66-41ef-8656-35229b6cd4d8"/>
  </rdf:Seq>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1a7bfc41-b4b7-4d7b-897e-04d16dbaaaff">
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#de8449ff-b4b5-4dff-87c5-eaf3c9f7cf5d"/>
    <dc:title>A Bifurcation Analysis of Two Coupled Calcium Oscillators</dc:title>
    <bqs:volume>11</bqs:volume>
    <bqs:first_page>237</bqs:first_page>
    <bqs:Journal rdf:resource="rdf:#e984bfb8-fe44-49b5-9a73-6eed0716afd8"/>
    <dcterms:issued rdf:resource="rdf:#8b259212-c93b-4d73-880f-f4196e852e70"/>
    <bqs:last_page>246</bqs:last_page>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9bcc4947-9c78-47c5-aa66-8b0418293b07">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-12-06T14:07:34+13:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7a7077c2-db65-48b8-9710-5ac567ba66d9">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2004-03-14T00:00:00+00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#df80a4bf-a518-44b3-ae25-206aacbd8f83">
    <bqs:Pubmed_id>12779457</bqs:Pubmed_id>
    <bqs:JournalArticle rdf:resource="rdf:#1a7bfc41-b4b7-4d7b-897e-04d16dbaaaff"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#49c5a7c9-2c51-4e11-92ea-47cd30b4e70b">
    <vCard:FN>James Lawson</vCard:FN>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f35cccde-ccfe-4150-8232-0c57ac47865f">
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#49c5a7c9-2c51-4e11-92ea-47cd30b4e70b"/>
    <rdf:value>This model has been curated and is known to run in PCEnv. The model is able to produce oscillating output similar to that shown in figures from the publication.</rdf:value>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2e4d42b3-7f5d-45ea-90bc-7ef76b410554">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/>
    <rdf:value>c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#42850c29-35cd-4245-8e59-1ddefdb54712">
    <bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type>
    <rdf:value rdf:resource="rdf:#0984ce3e-f973-40db-b74c-c1ae2db99b8e"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#957cfa89-3116-450e-bbe9-7df9ee9426e6">
    <vCard:Given>James</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Lawson</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>Richard</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f614dcd8-c814-4efb-9d7a-9b8b0327a3c1">
    <vCard:FN>Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="">
    <dc:publisher>The University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute</dc:publisher>
    <cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#f35cccde-ccfe-4150-8232-0c57ac47865f"/>
    <dcterms:created rdf:resource="rdf:#7a7077c2-db65-48b8-9710-5ac567ba66d9"/>
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#9abd4459-6dec-4999-a3bb-3d66e8027fb7"/>
    <cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#ccc38e4f-5767-4bd6-8196-a70b633111af"/>
    <cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#b4886dbe-f37b-43fb-acb9-b0b8026f23fd"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e69d4683-efa8-4315-9c97-7b3f505fea2f">
    <vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d2bcd970-a58c-4258-ac32-8937c3d4b1e3">
    <vCard:Given>Michael</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Bindschadler</vCard:Family>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#88f1c7e4-3b31-448c-a925-132833c561f3">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2009-05-28T14:54:14+12:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#928b4679-4c03-4745-be3c-b84d590156a6">
    <vCard:Given>Vignesh</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Kumar</vCard:Family>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9abd4459-6dec-4999-a3bb-3d66e8027fb7">
    <vCard:ORG rdf:resource="rdf:#309e7922-78cb-4837-8b97-05a213fe7ca0"/>
    <vCard:EMAIL rdf:resource="rdf:#2e4d42b3-7f5d-45ea-90bc-7ef76b410554"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#e69d4683-efa8-4315-9c97-7b3f505fea2f"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d0921c45-1ac1-4a88-b7f6-37b221f9c9bd">
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#f614dcd8-c814-4efb-9d7a-9b8b0327a3c1"/>
    <rdf:value>This is the CellML description of Bindschadler and Sneyd's bifurcation analysis of two coupled calcium oscillators.</rdf:value>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="#bindschadler_sneyd_2001">
    <ns7:simulation rdf:resource="rdf:#$bQgES"/>
    <dc:title>Bindschadler and Sneyd's bifurcation analysis of two coupled calcium oscillators.</dc:title>
    <cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#d0921c45-1ac1-4a88-b7f6-37b221f9c9bd"/>
    <bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#87f97fb5-0e18-4aaf-a14f-15cf01e848e6"/>
    <bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#df80a4bf-a518-44b3-ae25-206aacbd8f83"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#87f97fb5-0e18-4aaf-a14f-15cf01e848e6">
    <dc:subject rdf:resource="rdf:#42850c29-35cd-4245-8e59-1ddefdb54712"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e984bfb8-fe44-49b5-9a73-6eed0716afd8">
    <dc:title>Chaos</dc:title>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c95a2e51-3a66-41ef-8656-35229b6cd4d8">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#29569aeb-7683-4299-b932-8282c913a5c3"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c4116453-0d7f-44af-b629-9ff21e7465d6">
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#928b4679-4c03-4745-be3c-b84d590156a6"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#309e7922-78cb-4837-8b97-05a213fe7ca0">
    <vCard:Orgname>The University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
    <vCard:Orgunit>Auckland Bioengineering Institute</vCard:Orgunit>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#29569aeb-7683-4299-b932-8282c913a5c3">
    <vCard:Given>James</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Sneyd</vCard:Family>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$bQgES">
    <ns7:boundIntervals rdf:resource="rdf:#$cQgES"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e85662ee-d064-4750-93fa-ffdaa0305550">
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#957cfa89-3116-450e-bbe9-7df9ee9426e6"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ccc38e4f-5767-4bd6-8196-a70b633111af">
    <dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#88f1c7e4-3b31-448c-a925-132833c561f3"/>
    <rdf:value>Fixed duplicate connections&#13;
&#13;
Fixed CellML 1.0/1.1 namespace mixing&#13;
&#13;
Updated documentation, curation status</rdf:value>
    <cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#e85662ee-d064-4750-93fa-ffdaa0305550"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#15671e0c-2590-4ad0-aa86-72fb2e846bb3">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#d2bcd970-a58c-4258-ac32-8937c3d4b1e3"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$dQgES">
    <ns7:endingValue>50</ns7:endingValue>
    <ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>100000</ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>
    <ns7:maximumStepSize>0.001</ns7:maximumStepSize>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8b259212-c93b-4d73-880f-f4196e852e70">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2001-03</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$cQgES">
    <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
    <rdf:first rdf:resource="rdf:#$dQgES"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b4886dbe-f37b-43fb-acb9-b0b8026f23fd">
    <dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#9bcc4947-9c78-47c5-aa66-8b0418293b07"/>
    <rdf:value>Recoded model using parameters used by Biomodels Database as a guide</rdf:value>
    <cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#c4116453-0d7f-44af-b629-9ff21e7465d6"/>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</model>