- Author:
- Catherine Lloyd <c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz>
- Date:
- 2009-12-16 12:39:45+13:00
- Desc:
- Steady state version of the model provided by Penny Noble.
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.cellml.org/workspace/faber_rudy_2000/rawfile/bbd137f0fe59312df93f9f737969dc9407f8e0f8/faber_rudy_2000.cellml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
This CellML file was generated on 07/12/2009 at 13:44:52 using:
COR (0.9.31.1333)
Copyright 2002-2009 Dr Alan Garny
http://cor.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - cor@physiol.ox.ac.uk
CellML 1.0 was used to generate this model
http://www.cellml.org/
-->
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<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Action potential and contractility changes in [Na(+)](i) overloaded cardiac myocytes: a simulation study</title>
<author>
<firstname>Penny</firstname>
<surname>Noble</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Oxford University</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This model has been curated and validated by Penny Noble of Oxford University and is known to run in PCEnv and COR to recreate the published results. The units have been checked and they are consistent. Note that this is the model in steady state.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>ABSTRACT: Sodium overload of cardiac cells can accompany various pathologies and induce fatal cardiac arrhythmias. We investigate effects of elevated intracellular sodium on the cardiac action potential (AP) and on intracellular calcium using the Luo-Rudy model of a mammalian ventricular myocyte. The results are: 1) During rapid pacing, AP duration (APD) shortens in two phases, a rapid phase without Na(+) accumulation and a slower phase that depends on [Na(+)](i). 2) The rapid APD shortening is due to incomplete deactivation (accumulation) of I(Ks). 3) The slow phase is due to increased repolarizing currents I(NaK) and reverse-mode I(NaCa), secondary to elevated [Na(+)](i). 4) Na(+)-overload slows the rate of AP depolarization, allowing time for greater I(Ca(L)) activation; it also enhances reverse-mode I(NaCa). The resulting increased Ca(2+) influx triggers a greater [Ca(2+)](i) transient. 5) Reverse-mode I(NaCa) alone can trigger Ca(2+) release in a voltage and [Na(+)](i)-dependent manner. 6) During I(NaK) block, Na(+) and Ca(2+) accumulate and APD shortens due to enhanced reverse-mode I(NaCa); contribution of I(K(Na)) to APD shortening is negligible. By slowing AP depolarization (hence velocity) and shortening APD, Na(+)-overload acts to enhance inducibility of reentrant arrhythmias. Shortened APD with elevated [Ca(2+)](i) (secondary to Na(+)-overload) also predisposes the myocardium to arrhythmogenic delayed afterdepolarizations.
</para>
<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
Action potential and contractility changes in [Na(+)](i) overloaded cardiac myocytes: a simulation study, Gregory M. Faber and Yoram Rudy, 2000, Biophysical Journal, 78, 2392-2404. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10777735&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 10777735</ulink>
</para>
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<title>cell diagram of the shaw and viswanathan models showing ionic currents, pumps and exchangers within the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum</title>
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<caption>A schematic diagram of the Faber and Rudy 2000 cardiac myocyte model.</caption>
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</sect1>
</article>
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<variable name="i_CaK" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="i_CaNa" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="gamma_Nai" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.75" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="gamma_Nao" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.75" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="gamma_Ki" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.75" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="gamma_Ko" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.75" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="gamma_Cai" units="dimensionless" initial_value="1"/>
<variable name="gamma_Cao" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.341"/>
<variable name="I_CaCa" units="microA_per_microF"/>
<variable name="I_CaK" units="microA_per_microF"/>
<variable name="I_CaNa" units="microA_per_microF"/>
<variable name="P_Ca" units="litre_per_farad_millisecond" initial_value="0.00054"/>
<variable name="P_Na" units="litre_per_farad_millisecond" initial_value="6.75e-7"/>
<variable name="P_K" units="litre_per_farad_millisecond" initial_value="1.93e-7"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="d" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<variable name="f" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<variable name="f_Ca" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>I_CaCa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>P_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Cai</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Cao</ci>
<ci>Cao</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>I_CaNa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>P_Na</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Nai</ci>
<ci>Nai</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Nao</ci>
<ci>Nao</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>I_CaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>P_K</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Ki</ci>
<ci>Ki</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Ko</ci>
<ci>Ko</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_CaCa</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f_Ca</ci>
<ci>I_CaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_CaNa</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f_Ca</ci>
<ci>I_CaNa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_CaK</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f_Ca</ci>
<ci>I_CaK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_CaCa</ci>
<ci>i_CaK</ci>
<ci>i_CaNa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate">
<variable name="d" units="dimensionless" initial_value="5.82597094505446e-6" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_d" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="beta_d" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="d_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_d" units="ms"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E0_d" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>d_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.24</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_d</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.035</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">6.24</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="millivolt">1 <sep/>
-5</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">1</cn>
<ci>d_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.24</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.035</cn>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_d</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>d_infinity</ci>
<ci>tau_d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_d</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>d_infinity</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_d</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_d</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate">
<variable name="f" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.997765362821995" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_f" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="beta_f" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="f_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_f" units="ms"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">35.06</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">8.6</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.6</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_f</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0197</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0337</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.02</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_f</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>f_infinity</ci>
<ci>tau_f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_f</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f_infinity</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_f</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_f</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate">
<variable name="f_Ca" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Km_Ca" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.0006"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<ci>Km_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="T_type_Ca_channel">
<variable name="i_Ca_T" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_CaT" units="milliS_per_microF" initial_value="0.05"/>
<variable name="E_Ca" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="b" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<variable name="g" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_T</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_CaT</ci>
<ci>b</ci>
<ci>b</ci>
<ci>g</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="T_type_Ca_channel_b_gate">
<variable name="b" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.00136737866785149" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="b_inf" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_b" units="ms"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>b_inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">14</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.8</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_b</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">3.7</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">6.1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">4.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>b</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>b_inf</ci>
<ci>b</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_b</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="T_type_Ca_channel_g_gate">
<variable name="g" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.98881442877378" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="g_inf" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_g" units="ms"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">60</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.6</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_g</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="ms_per_millivolt">0.875</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="ms">12</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<leq/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">0</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="ms">12</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>g</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>g_inf</ci>
<ci>g</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_g</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<variable name="i_Kr" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_Kr" units="milliS_per_microF"/>
<variable name="G_Kr" units="milliS_per_microF" initial_value="0.02614"/>
<variable name="Rect" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="xr" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_Kr</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>G_Kr</ci>
<apply>
<root/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">5.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Rect</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">9</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">22.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kr</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kr</ci>
<ci>xr</ci>
<ci>Rect</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr_gate">
<variable name="xr" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.000204700363126417" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="xr_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_xr" units="ms"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xr_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">21.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_xr</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.00138</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">14.2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.123</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">14.2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.00061</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">38.9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.145</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">38.9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xr</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xr_infinity</ci>
<ci>xr</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_xr</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<variable name="i_Ks" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_Ks" units="milliS_per_microF"/>
<variable name="G_Ks" units="milliS_per_microF" initial_value="0.433"/>
<variable name="E_Ks" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="PNaK" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.01833"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="xs1" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<variable name="xs2" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>PNaK</ci>
<ci>Nao</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ki</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>PNaK</ci>
<ci>Nai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>G_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.6</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="millimolar">3.8 <sep/>
-5</cn>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Ks</ci>
<ci>xs1</ci>
<ci>xs2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ks</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs1_gate">
<variable name="xs1" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.00660746743356887" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="xs1_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_xs1" units="ms"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xs1_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">16.7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_xs1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_millivolt">7.19 <sep/>
-5</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.148</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.000131</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0687</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xs1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xs1_infinity</ci>
<ci>xs1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_xs1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs2_gate">
<variable name="xs2" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.0303768241233812" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="xs2_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_xs2" units="ms"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xs2_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">16.7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_xs2</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">4</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_millivolt">7.19 <sep/>
-5</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.148</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.000131</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0687</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xs2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xs2_infinity</ci>
<ci>xs2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_xs2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="time_independent_potassium_current">
<variable name="i_K1" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="out" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_K1" units="milliS_per_microF"/>
<variable name="G_K1" units="milliS_per_microF" initial_value="0.75"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="K1_infinity" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_K1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>G_K1</ci>
<apply>
<root/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">5.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<ci>Ki</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K1</ci>
<ci>K1_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate">
<variable name="K1_infinity" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_K1" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="beta_K1" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_K1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">1.02</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.2385</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">59.215</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_K1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.49124</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.08032</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.476</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.06175</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">594.31</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.5143</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">4.753</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K1_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>alpha_K1</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_K1</ci>
<ci>beta_K1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="plateau_potassium_current">
<variable name="i_Kp" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_Kp" units="milliS_per_microF" initial_value="0.00552"/>
<variable name="Kp" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Kp</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7.488</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.98</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kp</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kp</ci>
<ci>Kp</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_activated_potassium_current">
<variable name="i_K_Na" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_K_Na" units="milliS_per_microF" initial_value="0.12848"/>
<variable name="nKNa" units="dimensionless" initial_value="2.8"/>
<variable name="pona" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="pov" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="kdKNa" units="millimolar" initial_value="66"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>pona</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.85</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>kdKNa</ci>
<ci>Nai</ci>
</apply>
<ci>nKNa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>pov</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.8</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.65</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">125</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">15</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K_Na</ci>
<ci>pona</ci>
<ci>pov</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ATP_sensitive_potassium_current">
<variable name="i_K_ATP" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_K_ATP" units="milliS_per_microF"/>
<variable name="i_K_ATP_on" units="dimensionless" initial_value="1"/>
<variable name="nATP" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.24"/>
<variable name="nicholsarea" units="dimensionless" initial_value="5e-5"/>
<variable name="ATPi" units="millimolar" initial_value="3"/>
<variable name="hATP" units="dimensionless" initial_value="2"/>
<variable name="kATP" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.00025"/>
<variable name="pATP" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="GKbaraATP" units="milliS_per_microF"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_K_ATP</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_K_ATP_on</ci>
<cn cellml:units="milliS_per_microF">0.000193</cn>
</apply>
<ci>nicholsarea</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>pATP</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ATPi</ci>
<ci>kATP</ci>
</apply>
<ci>hATP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>GKbaraATP</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K_ATP</ci>
<ci>pATP</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">4</cn>
</apply>
<ci>nATP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K_ATP</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>GKbaraATP</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current">
<variable name="i_to" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_to" units="milliS_per_microF"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="rvdv" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="zdv" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<variable name="ydv" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_to</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0</cn>
<cn cellml:units="milliS_per_microF">0.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rvdv</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">100</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_to</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_to</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>zdv</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>ydv</ci>
<ci>rvdv</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current_zdv_gate">
<variable name="zdv" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.0144622472219576" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_zdv" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="beta_zdv" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="tau_zdv" units="ms"/>
<variable name="zdv_ss" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_zdv</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">10</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_zdv</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">10</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">90</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">90</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_zdv</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_zdv</ci>
<ci>beta_zdv</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>zdv_ss</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>alpha_zdv</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_zdv</ci>
<ci>beta_zdv</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>zdv</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>zdv_ss</ci>
<ci>zdv</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_zdv</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current_ydv_gate">
<variable name="ydv" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.999945568566232" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_ydv" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="beta_ydv" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="tau_ydv" units="ms"/>
<variable name="ydv_ss" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_ydv</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.015</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">60</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_ydv</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_ydv</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_ydv</ci>
<ci>beta_ydv</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ydv_ss</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>alpha_ydv</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_ydv</ci>
<ci>beta_ydv</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ydv</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>ydv_ss</ci>
<ci>ydv</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_ydv</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump">
<variable name="i_p_Ca" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="K_mpCa" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.0005"/>
<variable name="I_pCa" units="microA_per_microF" initial_value="1.15"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_p_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>I_pCa</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mpCa</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_background_current">
<variable name="i_Na_b" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_Nab" units="milliS_per_microF" initial_value="0.004"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E_Na" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Na_b</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Nab</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_background_current">
<variable name="i_Ca_b" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_Cab" units="milliS_per_microF" initial_value="0.003016"/>
<variable name="E_Ca" units="millivolt" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Cao</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_b</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Cab</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_potassium_pump">
<variable name="i_NaK" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="I_NaK" units="microA_per_microF" initial_value="2.25"/>
<variable name="f_NaK" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="K_mNai" units="millimolar" initial_value="10"/>
<variable name="K_mKo" units="millimolar" initial_value="1.5"/>
<variable name="sigma" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">7</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Nao</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">67.3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1245</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0365</cn>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>I_NaK</ci>
<ci>f_NaK</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_mNai</ci>
<ci>Nai</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Ko</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<ci>K_mKo</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="non_specific_calcium_activated_current">
<variable name="i_ns_Ca" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="i_ns_Na" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="i_ns_K" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="P_ns_Ca" units="litre_per_farad_millisecond"/>
<variable name="gamma_Nai" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="gamma_Nao" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="gamma_Ki" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="gamma_Ko" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="I_ns_Na" units="microA_per_microF"/>
<variable name="I_ns_K" units="microA_per_microF"/>
<variable name="K_m_ns_Ca" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.0012"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>P_ns_Ca</ci>
<cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="litre_per_farad_millisecond">1.75 <sep/>
-7</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>I_ns_Na</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>P_ns_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Nai</ci>
<ci>Nai</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Nao</ci>
<ci>Nao</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>I_ns_K</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>P_ns_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Ki</ci>
<ci>Ki</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma_Ko</ci>
<ci>Ko</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_ns_Na</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>I_ns_Na</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_m_ns_Ca</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_ns_K</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>I_ns_K</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_m_ns_Ca</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_ns_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_ns_Na</ci>
<ci>i_ns_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Na_Ca_exchanger">
<variable name="i_NaCa" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="c1" units="microA_per_microF" initial_value="0.00025"/>
<variable name="c2" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.0001"/>
<variable name="gamma" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.15"/>
<variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>c1</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Nai</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Cao</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Nao</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar4">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>c2</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Nai</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Cao</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Nao</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_dynamics">
<variable name="i_rel" units="millimolar_per_ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="i_up" units="millimolar_per_ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="i_leak" units="millimolar_per_ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="i_tr" units="millimolar_per_ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="G_rel" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="G_rel_Viswanathan" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="G_rel_max" units="per_ms" initial_value="60"/>
<variable name="G_rel_overload" units="per_ms" initial_value="4"/>
<variable name="tau_tr" units="ms" initial_value="180"/>
<variable name="K_mrel" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.0008"/>
<variable name="delta_Ca_ith" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.00018"/>
<variable name="CSQN_max" units="millimolar" initial_value="10"/>
<variable name="K_mCSQN" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.8"/>
<variable name="K_mup" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.00092"/>
<variable name="K_leak" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="I_up" units="millimolar_per_ms" initial_value="0.00875"/>
<variable name="Ca_NSR_max" units="millimolar" initial_value="15"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.000117482029668194" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Cao" units="millimolar" initial_value="1.8" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Ca_JSR" units="millimolar" initial_value="1.12791401197882" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Ca_NSR" units="millimolar" initial_value="1.76731003671612" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V_myo" units="micro_litre" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="A_cap" units="cm2" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V_JSR" units="micro_litre" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V_NSR" units="micro_litre" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_CaCa" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_p_Ca" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_b" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_T" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
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<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
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<gt/>
<ci>APtrack</ci>
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<cn cellml:units="millimolar_per_ms">0</cn>
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<cn cellml:units="per_ms">50</cn>
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<ci>OVRLDtrack</ci>
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<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
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<divide/>
<ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
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<ci>CSQNthresh</ci>
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<ci>OVRLDtrack</ci>
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<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
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<lt/>
<ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
<ci>Logicthresh</ci>
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<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.5</cn>
</apply>
<ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
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<diff/>
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<cn cellml:units="per_ms">50</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>OVRLDtrack3</ci>
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<and/>
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<gt/>
<ci>OVRLDtrack</ci>
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<lt/>
<ci>OVRLDtrack3</ci>
<ci>Logicthresh</ci>
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<ci>G_rel_Viswanathan</ci>
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<piece>
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<times/>
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<divide/>
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<times/>
<ci>G_rel_max</ci>
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<minus/>
<ci>Cainfluxtrack</ci>
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<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mrel</ci>
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<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>APtrack2</ci>
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<ci>APtrack2</ci>
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<gt/>
<ci>Cainfluxtrack</ci>
<ci>delta_Ca_ith</ci>
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<times/>
<ci>G_rel_overload</ci>
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<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
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<ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
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<ci>Cainfluxtrack</ci>
<ci>delta_Ca_ith</ci>
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<gt/>
<ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0</cn>
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<ci>RyRopen</ci>
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<divide/>
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<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
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<exp/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
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<ci>APtrack2</ci>
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<ci>RyRclose</ci>
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<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>RyRopen</ci>
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<ci>G_rel</ci>
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<divide/>
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<times/>
<ci>RyRopen</ci>
<ci>RyRclose</ci>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">150</cn>
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<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
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<exp/>
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<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
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<plus/>
<ci>i_CaCa</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_T</ci>
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<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
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<ci>i_p_Ca</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_b</ci>
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<cn cellml:units="microA_per_microF">0.9</cn>
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<times/>
<ci>G_rel</ci>
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<minus/>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
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<ci>i_up</ci>
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<divide/>
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<times/>
<ci>I_up</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
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<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<ci>K_mup</ci>
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<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>I_up</ci>
<ci>Ca_NSR_max</ci>
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<ci>i_leak</ci>
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<times/>
<ci>K_leak</ci>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
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<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
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<ci>tau_tr</ci>
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<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
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<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
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<apply>
<divide/>
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<times/>
<ci>CSQN_max</ci>
<ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
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<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
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<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
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<apply>
<minus/>
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<diff/>
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<ci>time</ci>
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<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
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<plus/>
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<minus/>
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<divide/>
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<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>i_tr</ci>
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<ci>V_JSR</ci>
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<ci>V_NSR</ci>
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<diff/>
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<ci>time</ci>
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<ci>Cai</ci>
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<times/>
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<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CMDN_max</ci>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
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<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
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<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
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<ci>K_mTn</ci>
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<power/>
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<plus/>
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<ci>A_cap</ci>
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<plus/>
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<minus/>
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<plus/>
<ci>i_CaCa</ci>
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<times/>
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<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
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<ci>i_p_Ca</ci>
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<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
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<times/>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
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<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
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<ci>i_up</ci>
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<ci>V_NSR</ci>
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<ci>V_myo</ci>
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</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
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<component name="ionic_concentrations">
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<variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" initial_value="140" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" initial_value="141.056872392446" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" initial_value="5.4" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="A_cap" units="cm2" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V_myo" units="micro_litre" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_Na" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_CaNa" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_Na_b" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_ns_Na" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_NaK" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_CaK" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_Kr" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_Ks" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_K1" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_Kp" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_K_Na" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_K_ATP" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_ns_K" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_to" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="I_st" units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in"/>
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<diff/>
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<times/>
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<variable name="radius" units="mm" initial_value="0.011"/>
<variable name="volume" units="micro_litre"/>
<variable name="V_myo" units="micro_litre" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V_JSR" units="micro_litre" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V_NSR" units="micro_litre" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="A_cap" units="cm2" initial_value="0.0001534" public_interface="out"/>
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<ci>volume</ci>
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<times/>
<pi/>
<ci>preplength</ci>
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<power/>
<ci>radius</ci>
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<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.68</cn>
<ci>volume</ci>
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<apply>
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<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0048</cn>
<ci>volume</ci>
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<ci>V_NSR</ci>
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<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0552</cn>
<ci>volume</ci>
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</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transmembrane_currents"/>
<component name="intracellular_currents"/>
<component name="Ions_n_reversal_potentials"/>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="cell">
<component_ref component="geometry"/>
<component_ref component="transmembrane_currents">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel_b_gate"/>
<component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel_g_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs1_gate"/>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs2_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_zdv_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_ydv_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
<component_ref component="plateau_potassium_current"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_activated_potassium_current"/>
<component_ref component="ATP_sensitive_potassium_current"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="non_specific_calcium_activated_current"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="intracellular_currents">
<component_ref component="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="Ions_n_reversal_potentials">
<component_ref component="ionic_concentrations"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_dynamics"/>
</component_ref>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel_b_gate"/>
<component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel_g_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs1_gate"/>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs2_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_zdv_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_ydv_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="T_type_Ca_channel" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="non_specific_calcium_activated_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ionic_concentrations" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_dynamics" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Na" variable_2="i_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L" variable_2="i_Ca_L"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="T_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_T" variable_2="i_Ca_T"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kr" variable_2="i_Kr"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ks" variable_2="i_Ks"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="sodium_activated_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K_Na" variable_2="i_K_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="ATP_sensitive_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K_ATP" variable_2="i_K_ATP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="transient_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_to" variable_2="i_to"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa" variable_2="i_NaCa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K1" variable_2="i_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="plateau_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kp" variable_2="i_Kp"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_p_Ca" variable_2="i_p_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Na_b" variable_2="i_Na_b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_b" variable_2="i_Ca_b"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaK" variable_2="i_NaK"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="non_specific_calcium_activated_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_ns_Ca" variable_2="i_ns_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
<map_variables variable_1="I_st" variable_2="I_st"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell" component_2="calcium_dynamics"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
<map_variables variable_1="dVdt" variable_2="dVdt"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Na" variable_2="i_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Na" variable_2="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ki" variable_2="Ki"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_CaNa" variable_2="i_CaNa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_CaK" variable_2="i_CaK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="calcium_dynamics"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cao" variable_2="Cao"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_CaCa" variable_2="i_CaCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="T_type_Ca_channel" component_2="calcium_dynamics"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_T" variable_2="i_Ca_T"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ki" variable_2="Ki"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ks" variable_2="i_Ks"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="calcium_dynamics"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kr" variable_2="i_Kr"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_to" variable_2="i_to"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa" variable_2="i_NaCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger" component_2="calcium_dynamics"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cao" variable_2="Cao"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa" variable_2="i_NaCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ki" variable_2="Ki"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K1" variable_2="i_K1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_activated_potassium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K_Na" variable_2="i_K_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ATP_sensitive_potassium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K_ATP" variable_2="i_K_ATP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="plateau_potassium_current" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_activated_potassium_current" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ATP_sensitive_potassium_current" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="plateau_potassium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kp" variable_2="i_Kp"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump" component_2="calcium_dynamics"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_p_Ca" variable_2="i_p_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="T_type_Ca_channel" component_2="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Ca" variable_2="E_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_background_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Na_b" variable_2="i_Na_b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_background_current" component_2="calcium_dynamics"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cao" variable_2="Cao"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_b" variable_2="i_Ca_b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_potassium_pump" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaK" variable_2="i_NaK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="non_specific_calcium_activated_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ki" variable_2="Ki"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_ns_Na" variable_2="i_ns_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_ns_K" variable_2="i_ns_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="non_specific_calcium_activated_current" component_2="calcium_dynamics"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cao" variable_2="Cao"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="non_specific_calcium_activated_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="gamma_Nao" variable_2="gamma_Nao"/>
<map_variables variable_1="gamma_Nai" variable_2="gamma_Nai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="gamma_Ko" variable_2="gamma_Ko"/>
<map_variables variable_1="gamma_Ki" variable_2="gamma_Ki"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="m" variable_2="m"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="h" variable_2="h"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="j" variable_2="j"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="d" variable_2="d"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="f" variable_2="f"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="f_Ca" variable_2="f_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="T_type_Ca_channel" component_2="T_type_Ca_channel_b_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="b" variable_2="b"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="T_type_Ca_channel" component_2="T_type_Ca_channel_g_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="g" variable_2="g"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="xr" variable_2="xr"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs1_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="xs1" variable_2="xs1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs2_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="xs2" variable_2="xs2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K1_infinity" variable_2="K1_infinity"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="transient_outward_current_ydv_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="ydv" variable_2="ydv"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="transient_outward_current_zdv_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="zdv" variable_2="zdv"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="geometry" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_myo" variable_2="V_myo"/>
<map_variables variable_1="A_cap" variable_2="A_cap"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_dynamics" component_2="geometry"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_myo" variable_2="V_myo"/>
<map_variables variable_1="A_cap" variable_2="A_cap"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_JSR" variable_2="V_JSR"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_NSR" variable_2="V_NSR"/>
</connection>
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#9b6b12f4-7c11-4a19-a5d0-b72a173411ff">
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#dba32688-0867-4a2a-acfa-18cbf0261435"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#e7b77551-d534-4391-8f1a-73f244372afd"/>
</rdf:Seq>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#52b20981-fb3e-431a-be2c-d0abd9b365f6">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#05739223-6287-4bc4-b98b-4191b106c2ae"/>
<rdf:value>Since the model was published in 1994, it has been updated several times, incorporating new experimental data taken from papers written by other authors. These modifications have been considered in the model presented here. To illustrate how the Luo-Rudy II dynamic model has been developed, see the sequence of diagrams. The 1997 Shaw and Rudy model diagram is identical to the 1999 Viswanathan model diagram since the only difference between the two models is that the Viswanathan model introduces a second activation gate (X<subscript>s2</subscript>) into the formulation of I<subscript>Ks</subscript>.</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
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