- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2006-09-21 04:23:36+12:00
- Desc:
- committing version04 of noble_1962
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.cellml.org/workspace/noble_1962/rawfile/0c62407b73689fb2e330085cb81cd48101da872f/noble_1962.cellml
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This CellML file was generated on 04/05/2005 at 11:52:43 using:
COR (0.9.31.59)
Copyright 2002-2005 Oxford Cardiac Electrophysiology Group
http://COR.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - COR@physiol.ox.ac.uk
CellML 1.0 was used to generate this cellular model
http://www.CellML.org/
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<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Noble Purkinje Fibre Model 1962</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This version of the model has been curated by Penny Noble using
COR and is known to read in to JSim.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
In 1962, Denis Noble published one of the first mathematical models of a cardiac cell. By adapting the equations of the original <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_HHSA_INTRO}">Hodgkin-Huxley squid axon model (1952)</ulink>, Noble described the long lasting action and pace-maker potentials of the Purkinje fibres of the heart. The potassium-current equations differ from those of Hodgkin and Huxley in that the potassium ions are assumed to flow through two types of channel in the membrane. By contrast, the sodium current equations are very similar to those of Hodgkin and Huxley.
</para>
<para>
The main failure of the Noble (1962) model is that it only includes one voltage gated inward current, I<subscript>Na</subscript>. Calcium currents had not yet been discovered, but there was a clue in the model that something was missing. The only way the model could be made to work was to greatly extend the voltage range of the sodium current by reducing the voltage dependence of the sodium activation process. In effect the sodium current was made to serve the function of both the sodium and the calcium channels as far as the plateau is concerned. There was a clear experimental prediction: either sodium channels in the heart are quantitatively different from those in neurons, or other inward current-carrying channels must exist. Both predictions are correct.
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
A Modification of the Hodgkin-Huxley Equations Applicable to Purkinje Fibre Action and Pace-maker Potentials, Noble, D. 1962 <ulink url="http://www.jphysiol.org/">
<emphasis>Journal of Physiology</emphasis>
</ulink>, 160, 317-352. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14480151&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 14480151</ulink>
</para>
<para>
The raw CellML description of the Noble 1962 model can be downloaded in various formats as described in <xref linkend="sec_download_this_model"/>. For an example of a more complete documentation for an electrophysiological model, see <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_HHSA_INTRO}">The Hodgkin-Huxley Squid Axon Model, 1952</ulink>.
</para>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
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