- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2006-09-04 00:13:25+12:00
- Desc:
- committing version01 of noble_1962
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.cellml.org/workspace/noble_1962/rawfile/38c6fe2cc91510732722877355755ddb2ef0c4be/noble_1962.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!-- FILE : noble_model_1962.xml
CREATED : 18th December 2001
LAST MODIFIED : 5th April 2003
AUTHOR : Catherine Lloyd
Department of Engineering Science
The University of Auckland
MODEL STATUS : This model conforms to the CellML 1.0 Specification released on
10th August 2001, and the working draft CellML Metadata 1.0 Specification released on 16th January 2002.
DESCRIPTION : This file contains a CellML description of Noble's 1962 mathematical model of long lasting action and pace-maker potentials of the Purkinje fibres of the heart.
CHANGES:
20/01/2002 - AAC - updated metadata to conform to 16/01/2002 CellML Metadata
1.0 Specification.
28/02/2002 - CML - Corrected membrane_voltage_diff_eq.
05/04/2003 - AAC - Changed the model name so the model loads in the database
easier.
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" cmeta:id="noble_model_1962" name="noble_1962_version01">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Noble Purkinje Fibre Model 1962</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This is the original unchecked version of the model imported from the previous
CellML model repository, 24-Jan-2006.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
In 1962, Denis Noble published one of the first mathematical models of a cardiac cell. By adapting the equations of the original <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_HHSA_INTRO}">Hodgkin-Huxley squid axon model (1952)</ulink>, Noble described the long lasting action and pace-maker potentials of the Purkinje fibres of the heart. The potassium-current equations differ from those of Hodgkin and Huxley in that the potassium ions are assumed to flow through two types of channel in the membrane. By contrast, the sodium current equations are very similar to those of Hodgkin and Huxley.
</para>
<para>
The main failure of the Noble (1962) model is that it only includes one voltage gated inward current, I<subscript>Na</subscript>. Calcium currents had not yet been discovered, but there was a clue in the model that something was missing. The only way the model could be made to work was to greatly extend the voltage range of the sodium current by reducing the voltage dependence of the sodium activation process. In effect the sodium current was made to serve the function of both the sodium and the calcium channels as far as the plateau is concerned. There was a clear experimental prediction: either sodium channels in the heart are quantitatively different from those in neurons, or other inward current-carrying channels must exist. Both predictions are correct.
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
A Modification of the Hodgkin-Huxley Equations Applicable to Purkinje Fibre Action and Pace-maker Potentials, Noble, D. 1962 <ulink url="http://www.jphysiol.org/">
<emphasis>Journal of Physiology</emphasis>
</ulink>, 160, 317-352. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14480151&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 14480151</ulink>
</para>
<para>
The raw CellML description of the Noble 1962 model can be downloaded in various formats as described in <xref linkend="sec_download_this_model"/>. For an example of a more complete documentation for an electrophysiological model, see <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_HHSA_INTRO}">The Hodgkin-Huxley Squid Axon Model, 1952</ulink>.
</para>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<!--
Below, we define some additional units for association with variables and
constants within the model. The identifiers are fairly self-explanatory.
-->
<units name="millisecond">
<unit units="second" prefix="milli"/>
</units>
<units name="per_millisecond">
<unit units="second" prefix="milli" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millivolt">
<unit units="volt" prefix="milli"/>
</units>
<units name="per_millivolt">
<unit units="volt" prefix="milli" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="per_millivolt_millisecond">
<unit units="millivolt" exponent="-1"/>
<unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="milliS_per_cm2">
<unit units="siemens" prefix="milli"/>
<unit units="metre" prefix="centi" exponent="-2"/>
</units>
<units name="microF_per_cm2">
<unit units="farad" prefix="micro"/>
<unit units="metre" prefix="centi" exponent="-2"/>
</units>
<units name="microA_per_cm2">
<unit units="ampere" prefix="micro"/>
<unit units="metre" prefix="centi" exponent="-2"/>
</units>
<!--
The "environment" component is used to declare variables that are used by
all or most of the other components, in this case just "time".
-->
<component name="environment">
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="out" name="time"/>
</component>
<!--
The "membrane" component is really the `root' node of our model.
It defines the action potential variable "V" among other things.
-->
<component name="membrane">
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="microF_per_cm2" name="Cm" initial_value="12.0"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="in" name="i_K"/>
<variable units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="in" name="i_Leak"/>
<!--
The membrane voltage (V) is calculated as an ordinary
differential equation in terms of the currents.
-->
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="membrane_voltage_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_Na </ci>
<ci> i_K </ci>
<ci> i_Leak </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> Cm </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_channel">
<variable units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="out" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_cm2" name="g_Na_max" initial_value="400.0"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_cm2" name="g_Na" initial_value="0.14"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E_Na" initial_value="40.0"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="m"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="h"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="g_Na_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> g_Na </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> m </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> h </ci>
<ci> g_Na_max </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="i_Na_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Na </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Na_max </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> m </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> h </ci>
</apply>
<ci> g_Na </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_Na </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_channel_m_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="m"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_m"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_m"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="alpha_m_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_m </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.1 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 48.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 48.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 15.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_m_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_m </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.12 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 8.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 8.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="dm_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> m </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_m </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> m </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_m </ci>
<ci> m </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_channel_h_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="h"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_h"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_h"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="h_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="alpha_h_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_h </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.17 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 90.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 20.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_h_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_h </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 42.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="h_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> h_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> alpha_h </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> alpha_h </ci>
<ci> beta_h </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="dh_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> h </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_h </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> h </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_h </ci>
<ci> h </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="potassium_channel">
<variable units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="out" name="i_K"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_cm2" name="g_K1" initial_value="36.0"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_cm2" name="g_K2" initial_value="36.0"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="n"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_K_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_K </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> g_K1 </ci>
<ci> g_K2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 100.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="g_K1_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> g_K1 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="milliS_per_cm2"> 1.2 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 90.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 50.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="milliS_per_cm2"> 0.015 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 90.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 60.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="g_K2_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> g_K2 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="milliS_per_cm2"> 1.2 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> n </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="potassium_channel_n_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="n"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_n"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_n"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="alpha_n_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_n </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.0001 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 50.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 50.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_n_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_n </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.002 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 90.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 80.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="dn_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> n </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_n </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> n </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_n </ci>
<ci> n </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="leakage_current" name="leakage_current">
<variable units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="out" name="i_Leak"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_cm2" name="g_L" initial_value="0.075"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E_L" initial_value="-60.0"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Leak_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Leak </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_L </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_L </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="membrane">
<component_ref component="sodium_channel">
<component_ref component="sodium_channel_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_channel_h_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="potassium_channel">
<component_ref component="potassium_channel_n_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="leakage_current"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_channel">
<component_ref component="sodium_channel_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_channel_h_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="potassium_channel">
<component_ref component="potassium_channel_n_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="potassium_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="leakage_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_channel" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="potassium_channel" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_K" variable_1="i_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="leakage_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Leak" variable_1="i_Leak"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_channel_m_gate" component_1="sodium_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="m" variable_1="m"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_channel_h_gate" component_1="sodium_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="h" variable_1="h"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="potassium_channel_n_gate" component_1="potassium_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="n" variable_1="n"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Bag rdf:about="rdf:#3274dee3-0be0-492b-a98d-5a0ff296c78f">
<rdf:li>Purkinje fibre</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>cardiac</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>electrophysiology</rdf:li>
</rdf:Bag>
<rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#citationAuthorsSeq">
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#author1Vcard"/>
</rdf:Seq>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#09769f48-2b17-4072-99c3-2a8cbb00ad6f">
<vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#70fcb2b1-405a-4a00-916b-8ff51b4f5af4">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2003-04-05</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6314f258-72e5-4733-8567-324aca74e9df">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#8200a70c-bb92-4cc1-9135-0def0a4b4cc6"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author1Vcard">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#author1VcardN"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b86cf9a8-a19f-4009-a6b8-4ab7586581d4">
<rdf:value>
Although the leakage current is not specifically included and
defined in the 1962 Noble model, it is part of the original
Hodgkin-Huxley 1952 squid axon model, and it is needed to calculate
the membrane potential. For this reason I have decided to include
the leakage current as a component of the CellML description.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6d0485c9-6b76-4b30-ab63-effb80b28f11">
<bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type>
<rdf:value rdf:resource="rdf:#3274dee3-0be0-492b-a98d-5a0ff296c78f"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8c822d1c-1b54-456b-a6fc-f466e6ec9828">
<vCard:Given>Autumn</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Cuellar</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>A</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#62a62506-af3f-4fa4-9273-97a0e201e5c7">
<vCard:Given>Denis</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Noble</vCard:Family>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#390f262a-c0ea-4832-b305-401a7f92cdcb">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#8c822d1c-1b54-456b-a6fc-f466e6ec9828"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#eadffae2-5f84-4e53-9e27-de7652c89c25">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#62a62506-af3f-4fa4-9273-97a0e201e5c7"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4a2522e6-d951-474e-b15d-6b62d7220bd3">
<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#1731536d-6e86-4ba9-a113-d6ac3a75f382"/>
<rdf:value>
Corrected membrane_voltage_diff_eq.
</rdf:value>
<cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#140ec652-3ec0-4aab-ada4-f3f797ff96dc"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#88c1b338-3e2b-456c-b574-3acb52278a51">
<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#70fcb2b1-405a-4a00-916b-8ff51b4f5af4"/>
<rdf:value>
Changed the model name so the model loads in the database easier.
</rdf:value>
<cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#390f262a-c0ea-4832-b305-401a7f92cdcb"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8f7d62ea-136b-4a4d-ae3c-877585f7afaa">
<dc:title>Journal of Physiology</dc:title>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="">
<dc:publisher>
The University of Auckland, Bioengineering Research Group
</dc:publisher>
<cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#4a2522e6-d951-474e-b15d-6b62d7220bd3"/>
<cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#88c1b338-3e2b-456c-b574-3acb52278a51"/>
<cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#c7cd9ea9-e59c-4e61-80c8-5ba8cad5aff8"/>
<dcterms:created rdf:resource="rdf:#bb6cba6f-1247-46a1-a289-ec6d5716610c"/>
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#9caf8a3a-2c87-452d-9f11-fc9dbdcab72b"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#62f48434-2861-4bd2-b782-a37d12828ba3">
<dc:subject rdf:resource="rdf:#6d0485c9-6b76-4b30-ab63-effb80b28f11"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c7cd9ea9-e59c-4e61-80c8-5ba8cad5aff8">
<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#5464c0e1-a8f5-4fec-b7fa-1b843c20815b"/>
<rdf:value>
Updated metadata to conform to the 16/01/2002 CellML Metadata 1.0
Specification.
</rdf:value>
<cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#6314f258-72e5-4733-8567-324aca74e9df"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b39faad5-9acf-4309-98be-e9e8dee9738b">
<vCard:FN>Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c49f5f7a-04cb-4220-854e-b52cf256e61a">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#citationAuthorsSeq"/>
<dc:title>A Modification of the Hodgkin-Huxley Equations Applicable to Purkinje Fibre Action and Pace-maker Potentials</dc:title>
<bqs:volume>160</bqs:volume>
<bqs:first_page>317</bqs:first_page>
<bqs:Journal rdf:resource="rdf:#8f7d62ea-136b-4a4d-ae3c-877585f7afaa"/>
<dcterms:issued rdf:resource="rdf:#ea672362-950b-4c9b-8d61-d8de54dac0ce"/>
<bqs:last_page>352</bqs:last_page>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#140ec652-3ec0-4aab-ada4-f3f797ff96dc">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#f5f8d46c-13ae-4069-b252-cc30d9842aa2"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d693ed1b-f29a-4bdf-842d-c6a41de4f058">
<vCard:Orgname>The University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
<vCard:Orgunit>The Bioengineering Research Group</vCard:Orgunit>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9caf8a3a-2c87-452d-9f11-fc9dbdcab72b">
<vCard:ORG rdf:resource="rdf:#d693ed1b-f29a-4bdf-842d-c6a41de4f058"/>
<vCard:EMAIL rdf:resource="rdf:#d750265f-8f33-49a0-8307-1de09affeb47"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#09769f48-2b17-4072-99c3-2a8cbb00ad6f"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e97fd412-db86-4128-aea8-af983c9c5b36">
<bqs:Person rdf:resource="rdf:#eadffae2-5f84-4e53-9e27-de7652c89c25"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author1VcardN">
<vCard:Given>Denis</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Noble</vCard:Family>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#bb6cba6f-1247-46a1-a289-ec6d5716610c">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2001-12-18</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#eba846f5-45a0-4e07-af07-ccd04aa74a09">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#b39faad5-9acf-4309-98be-e9e8dee9738b"/>
<rdf:value>This is the CellML description of Noble's 1962 mathematical model of Purkinje fibre action and pace-maker potentials. The equations formulated by Hodgkin and Huxley (1952) to describe the electrical activity of squid nerve have been modified to describe the action and pace-maker potentials of the Purkinje fibres of the heart.</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8200a70c-bb92-4cc1-9135-0def0a4b4cc6">
<vCard:Given>Autumn</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Cuellar</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>A.</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#leakage_current">
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#b86cf9a8-a19f-4009-a6b8-4ab7586581d4"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#noble_model_1962">
<dc:title>
The 1962 Noble Model of Purkinje Fibre Action and Pace-maker Potentials
</dc:title>
<cmeta:bio_entity>Purkinje Fibre</cmeta:bio_entity>
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#eba846f5-45a0-4e07-af07-ccd04aa74a09"/>
<bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#62f48434-2861-4bd2-b782-a37d12828ba3"/>
<bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#851f8df2-12e2-4fc8-b90f-bafb81396870"/>
<cmeta:species>Mammalia</cmeta:species>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5464c0e1-a8f5-4fec-b7fa-1b843c20815b">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2002-01-20</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f5f8d46c-13ae-4069-b252-cc30d9842aa2">
<vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ea672362-950b-4c9b-8d61-d8de54dac0ce">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>1962-01-01</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1731536d-6e86-4ba9-a113-d6ac3a75f382">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2002-02-28</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d750265f-8f33-49a0-8307-1de09affeb47">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/>
<rdf:value>c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#851f8df2-12e2-4fc8-b90f-bafb81396870">
<bqs:JournalArticle rdf:resource="rdf:#c49f5f7a-04cb-4220-854e-b52cf256e61a"/>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</model>
