- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2007-06-07 02:41:41+12:00
- Desc:
- committing version06 of pandit_clark_giles_demir_2001
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.cellml.org/workspace/pandit_clark_giles_demir_2001/rawfile/41ccd3004e03d196d869d3dc69e3fc7bf0dd2d01/pandit_clark_giles_demir_2001_mouse_ventricle.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!--
This CellML file was generated on 6/06/2007 at 8:55:43 at a.m. using:
COR (0.9.31.489)
Copyright 2002-2006 Oxford Cardiac Electrophysiology Group
http://COR.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - COR@physiol.ox.ac.uk
CellML 1.0 was used to generate this cellular model
http://www.CellML.org/
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" name="pandit_model_2001_mouse_ventricle" cmeta:id="pandit_model_2001_mouse_ventricle">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Adult Mouse Ventricular Myocyte Model, 2001</title>
<author>
<firstname>Liren</firstname>
<surname>Li</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This cell model was developed by Liren Li and represents the MOUSE VENTRICULAR MYOCYTE VARIANT. It reads both in PCenv and COR and is able to produce action potentials under multiple stimuli.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
The transgenic mouse has become an important new tool in the study of human diseases and the design of new therapies. With increasing genetic manipulations applied to the mice, it is important to characterise and understand the electrical and biophysical properties of the ionic currents expressed in the mouse heart. A computational model of the mouse action potentials, based on experimental measurements and findings, has been developed to help explore the complexities of the cardiac electrophysiology.
</para>
<para>
The mouse ventricular myocyte model is a modification from the Pandit rat LV epicardial cell model. The rat LV epicardial model was first modified to match experimental recordings from rat RV cells. The RV model was then used as the control model for the development of the mouse model. To summarise, from the original rat LV epicardial model, the following modifications have been made:
</para>
<para>
<emphasis>I<subscript>Na</subscript>
</emphasis>: The conductance of the sodium channel was increased by 33% compared with that for the rat LV epicardium (control model), to match experimental findings of higher expression of this channel in RV myocytes. And this higher conductance value was carried onto the mouse model.
</para>
<para>
<emphasis>I<subscript>CaL</subscript>
</emphasis>: The conductance of I<subscript>CaL</subscript> was increased by 10%, so that the influx of Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> ions via I<subscript>CaL</subscript> (Q<subscript>CaL</subscript>), and the APD<subscript>90</subscript> value during a simulated RV action potential were comparable to corresponding experimental measurements in rat RV myocytes. And this was carried onto the mouse model.
</para>
<para>
<emphasis>I<subscript>t</subscript>
</emphasis>: The formulation for It in the rat LV epicardial model had three gating variables. They are one activation variable (r) and two inactivation variables, i.e. fat (s) and slow (s<subscript>slow</subscript>) inactivation variables. But the formulation for It in the mouse model only contains one activation variable (r) and one inactivation variable (s).
</para>
<para>
<emphasis>I<subscript>ss</subscript>
</emphasis>: In the rat LV epicardial cells, the steady-state outward K+ current (I<subscript>ss</subscript>) is characterized as a rapidly activating, very slowly inactivating current. The model contains both an activation variable (r<subscript>ss</subscript>) and an inactivation variable (s<subscript>ss</subscript>). However, in the mouse model, the inactivation variable has been removed, and the channel is only gated by rss.
</para>
<para>
<emphasis>I<subscript>kslow</subscript>
</emphasis>: This additional current arises in the mouse model as a result of experimental findings that the outward current of adult mouse ventricular myocytes have an incomplete inactivation phase characterized by a sum of a pedestal and two exponentials with a fast time constant similar to that of classic I<subscript>to</subscript> and a slow time constant. It is believed that this additional current in mouse is a main factor contributing to the faster rate of repolarization seen in mouse compared to rats.
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper references are cited below:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/abstract/81/6/3029">A Mathematical Model of Action Potential Heterogeneity in Adult Rat Left Ventricular Myocytes, </ulink>, Sandeep V. Pandit, Robert B. Clark, Wayne R. Giles and Semahat S. Demir, 2001, <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/">
<emphasis>Biophysical Journal</emphasis>
</ulink>, 81, 3029-3051. (Original rat LV cell models <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/full/81/6/3029">Full text</ulink> and <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/reprint/81/6/3029.pdf">PDF</ulink> versions of the article are available for Journal Members on the Biophysical Journal website.) <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11720973&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 11720973</ulink>
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/abstract/84/2/832">A Mathematical Model of the Electrophysiological Alterations in Rat Ventricular Myocytes in Type-I Diabetes, </ulink>, Sandeep V. Pandit, Wayne R. Giles and Semahat S. Demir, 2003 <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/">
<emphasis>Biophysical Journal</emphasis>
</ulink>, 84, 832 - 841. (Rat RV model <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/full/84/2/832">Full text</ulink> and <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/reprint/84/2/832.pdf">PDF</ulink> versions of the article are available for Journal Members on the Biophysical Journal website.) <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12547767&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 12547767</ulink>
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.cellml.org/cellmlmodels/"> Electrical Activity in Murine Ventricular Myocytes: Simulation Studies. Chapter 5: Ionic Basis of Cardiac Repolarization in Mouse: Quantitative Insights. </ulink> Sandeep V. Pandit, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Memphis, 2003. (A summary of the model formulation can be found in <ulink url="http://www.cellml.org/cellmlmodels/">Appendix C: Model Formulation of the Adult Mouse Ventricular Myocytes, </ulink>).
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://europace.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/7/s2/S56?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=mouse+cardiac+electrophysiology+from+cell+to+torso&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT">An Integrative Model of Mouse Cardiac Electrophysiology from Cell to Torso, </ulink>, Joseph V. Tranquillo, James Hlavacek, Craig S. Henriquez, 2005 <ulink url="http://europace.oxfordjournals.org/"> <emphasis>Europace </emphasis> </ulink>, 7,S56-S70. (This paper uses the Pandit mouse cellular model to simulate mouse cardiac electrophysiology on both cellular and torso levels <ulink url="http://europace.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/7/s2/S56?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=mouse+cardiac+electrophysiology+from+cell+to+torso&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT">Full text</ulink> and <ulink url="http://europace.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/7/s2/S56?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=mouse+cardiac+electrophysiology+from+cell+to+torso&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT">PDF</ulink> versions of the article are available for Journal Members on the Europace website.)<ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez">PubMed Id: 16102504 </ulink>
</para>
<para>
The raw CellML description of the Pandit <emphasis>et al</emphasis> 2001 model of action potential heterogeneity in adult rat left ventricular myocytes can be downloaded in various formats as described in <xref linkend="sec_download_this_model"/>.
</para>
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<imagedata fileref="pandit_2001b.png"/>
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<caption>A fluid compartment model of the rat epicardial/endocardial ventricular cell.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
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<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">127140</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.2444</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00003474</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.04391</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1212</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.01052</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1378</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">40.14</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>j</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>j_infinity</ci>
<ci>j</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_j</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_L"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_Ca_L" initial_value="0.0341"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ca_L" initial_value="65"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="d"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f_11"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f_12"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="Ca_inact"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.9</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_inact</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>f_11</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_inact</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>f_12</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ca_L</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="d" initial_value="0.000002171081"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="d_infinity"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_d"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>d_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">15.3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_d</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.00305</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0045</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.00105</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.002</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">18</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.00025</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>d_infinity</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_11_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f_11" initial_value="0.9999529"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_11_infinity"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_f_11"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_11_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">26.7</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_f_11</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.105</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">45</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">12</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.04</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.015</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.0017</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f_11</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>f_11_infinity</ci>
<ci>f_11</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_f_11</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_12_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f_12" initial_value="0.9999529"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_12_infinity"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_f_12"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_12_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">26.7</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_f_12</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.041</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">47</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">12</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.08</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">55</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.015</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.0017</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f_12</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>f_12_infinity</ci>
<ci>f_12</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_f_12</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_Ca_inact_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Ca_inact" initial_value="0.9913102"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_Ca_inact" initial_value="0.009"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Ca_inact_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Ca_inact_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.01</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_inact</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_inact_infinity</ci>
<ci>Ca_inact</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_Ca_inact</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_t"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_t" initial_value="0.033"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_t</ci>
<ci>r</ci>
<ci>s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r" initial_value="0.002191519"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_r"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="r_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>r_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">12.5</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7.7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_r</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">45.16</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.03577</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">98.9</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">38</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>r_infinity</ci>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_r</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s" initial_value="0.9842542"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_s"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="s_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">24.8</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">3.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_s</ci>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.0572</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>s_infinity</ci>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="steady_state_outward_K_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_ss"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_ss" initial_value="0.005"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r_ss"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_ss</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_ss</ci>
<ci>r_ss</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r_ss" initial_value="0.002907171"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_r_ss"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="r_ss_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>r_ss_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">12.5</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7.7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_r_ss</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">3</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">45.16</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.03577</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">98.9</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">38</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>r_ss</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>r_ss_infinity</ci>
<ci>r_ss</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_r_ss</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slowly_inactivating_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_K_slow"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_K_slow" initial_value="0.014"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r_K_slow"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s_K_slow"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K_slow</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K_slow</ci>
<ci>r_K_slow</ci>
<ci>s_K_slow</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slowly_inactivating_delayed_rectifier_K_current_r_K_slow_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r_K_slow" initial_value="0.642"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_r_K_slow"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="r_K_slow_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>r_K_slow_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">12.5</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7.7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_r_K_slow</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">45.16</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.03577</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">98.9</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">38</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>r_K_slow</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>r_K_slow_infinity</ci>
<ci>r_K_slow</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_r_K_slow</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slowly_inactivating_delayed_rectifier_K_current_s_K_slow_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s_K_slow" initial_value="0.314"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_s_K_slow"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="s_K_slow_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s_K_slow_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">37.6</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_s_K_slow</ci>
<cn cellml:units="second">1.174</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s_K_slow</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>s_K_slow_infinity</ci>
<ci>s_K_slow</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_s_K_slow</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="inward_rectifier">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_K1" initial_value="0.024"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="nanoA">48</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">37</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">37</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="nanoA">10</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.001</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">76.77</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">17</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K1</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.73</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.613</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.73</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.9988</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.124</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="hyperpolarisation_activated_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_f"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_f_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_f_K"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_f" initial_value="0.00145"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_Na" initial_value="0.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_K"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="y"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_K</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_f_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_f</ci>
<ci>y</ci>
<ci>f_Na</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_f_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_f</ci>
<ci>y</ci>
<ci>f_K</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_f</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_f_Na</ci>
<ci>i_f_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y" initial_value="0.003578708"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_y"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="y_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>y_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">138.6</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.48</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_y</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.11885</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">28.37</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5623</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">14.19</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>y</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>y_infinity</ci>
<ci>y</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_y</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="background_currents">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Ca"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_K"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_B_Na" initial_value="0.00008015"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_B_Ca" initial_value="0.0000324"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_B_K" initial_value="0.000138"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ca" initial_value="65"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_B_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_B_Na</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_B_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_B_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_B_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_B_K</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_B</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_B_Na</ci>
<ci>i_B_Ca</ci>
<ci>i_B_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_potassium_pump">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="nanoA" name="i_NaK_max" initial_value="0.08"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_m_K" initial_value="1.5"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_m_Na" initial_value="10"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="sigma"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">67.3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK_max</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1245</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0365</cn>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>K_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<ci>K_m_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_m_Na</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_P"/>
<variable units="nanoA" name="i_Ca_P_max" initial_value="0.004"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_P</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_Ca_P_max</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.0004</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="millimolar_4" name="K_NaCa" initial_value="0.000009984"/>
<variable units="millimolar_4" name="d_NaCa" initial_value="0.0001"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma_NaCa" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.03743</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
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</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.03743</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma_NaCa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="SR_Ca_release_channel">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_rel"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="v1" initial_value="1.8e3"/>
<variable units="millimolar4_per_second" name="k_a_plus" initial_value="12.15e12"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_a_minus" initial_value="576"/>
<variable units="millimolar3_per_second" name="k_b_plus" initial_value="4.05e9"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_b_minus" initial_value="1930"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_c_plus" initial_value="100"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_c_minus" initial_value="0.8"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_O1" initial_value="0.0004327548"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_O2" initial_value="0.000000000606254"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_C1" initial_value="0.6348229"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_C2" initial_value="0.3647471"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="n" initial_value="4"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="m" initial_value="3"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_JSR"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>P_C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>k_a_plus</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<ci>n</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_a_minus</ci>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_a_plus</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<ci>n</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_a_minus</ci>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_b_plus</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_c_plus</ci>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_b_minus</ci>
<ci>P_O2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_c_minus</ci>
<ci>P_C2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>P_O2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_b_plus</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_b_minus</ci>
<ci>P_O2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>P_C2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_c_plus</ci>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_c_minus</ci>
<ci>P_C2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_rel</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>v1</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
<ci>P_O2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="SERCA2a_pump">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_fb" initial_value="0.000168"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_rb" initial_value="3.29"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="fb"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="rb"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="Vmaxf" initial_value="0.04"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="Vmaxr" initial_value="0.9"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="K_SR" initial_value="1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="N_fb" initial_value="1.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="N_rb" initial_value="1"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_NSR"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>fb</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>K_fb</ci>
</apply>
<ci>N_fb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rb</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
<ci>K_rb</ci>
</apply>
<ci>N_rb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_up</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_SR</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Vmaxf</ci>
<ci>fb</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Vmaxr</ci>
<ci>rb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>fb</ci>
<ci>rb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_and_SR_Ca_fluxes">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_tr"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_xfer"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_trpn"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_tr" initial_value="0.0005747"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_xfer" initial_value="0.0267"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="HTRPNCa" initial_value="1.394301e-1"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="LTRPNCa" initial_value="5.1619e-3"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="J_HTRPNCa"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="J_LTRPNCa"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="HTRPN_tot" initial_value="0.14"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="LTRPN_tot" initial_value="0.07"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="k_htrpn_plus" initial_value="200000"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_htrpn_minus" initial_value="0.066"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="k_ltrpn_plus" initial_value="40000"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_ltrpn_minus" initial_value="40"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_NSR"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_JSR"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_tr</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_tr</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_xfer</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_xfer</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_HTRPNCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_htrpn_plus</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>HTRPN_tot</ci>
<ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_htrpn_minus</ci>
<ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_HTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_LTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_LTRPNCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_ltrpn_plus</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>LTRPN_tot</ci>
<ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_ltrpn_minus</ci>
<ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_trpn</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>J_HTRPNCa</ci>
<ci>J_LTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_ion_concentrations">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_i" initial_value="10.73519"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_i" initial_value="0.00007901351"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_i" initial_value="139.2751"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_ss" initial_value="0.00008737212"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_JSR" initial_value="0.06607948"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_NSR" initial_value="0.06600742"/>
<variable units="micro_litre" name="V_myo" initial_value="0.00000936"/>
<variable units="micro_litre" name="V_JSR" initial_value="0.000000056"/>
<variable units="micro_litre" name="V_NSR" initial_value="0.000000504"/>
<variable units="micro_litre" name="V_SS" initial_value="0.0000000012"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCMDN" initial_value="0.00238"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCSQN" initial_value="0.8"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mEGTA" initial_value="0.00015"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="CMDN_tot" initial_value="0.05"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="CSQN_tot" initial_value="15"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="EGTA_tot" initial_value="0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="beta_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="beta_SS"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="beta_JSR"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_f_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_f_K"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_K"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_t"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_K_slow"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_ss"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_P"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Ca"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_rel"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_xfer"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_trpn"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_tr"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_i</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CMDN_tot</ci>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>EGTA_tot</ci>
<ci>K_mEGTA</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mEGTA</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_SS</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CMDN_tot</ci>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_JSR</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CSQN_tot</ci>
<ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_xfer</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>J_up</ci>
<ci>J_trpn</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>i_B_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>i_Ca_P</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
<ci>i_B_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>i_f_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_ss</ci>
<ci>i_B_K</ci>
<ci>i_t</ci>
<ci>i_K_slow</ci>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<ci>i_f_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_SS</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>J_rel</ci>
<ci>V_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_SS</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>J_xfer</ci>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_SS</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V_SS</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_JSR</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_tr</ci>
<ci>J_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>J_up</ci>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_NSR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>J_tr</ci>
<ci>V_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_NSR</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="standard_ionic_concentrations">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_o" initial_value="140"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_o" initial_value="1.2"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_o" initial_value="5.4"/>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="membrane">
<component_ref component="sodium_current">
<component_ref component="sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_11_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_12_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_Ca_inact_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current">
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current">
<component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slowly_inactivating_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<component_ref component="slowly_inactivating_delayed_rectifier_K_current_r_K_slow_gate"/>
<component_ref component="slowly_inactivating_delayed_rectifier_K_current_s_K_slow_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="inward_rectifier"/>
<component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current">
<component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="background_currents"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current"/>
<component_ref component="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current"/>
<component_ref component="SR_Ca_release_channel"/>
<component_ref component="SERCA2a_pump"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_and_SR_Ca_fluxes"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<component_ref component="standard_ionic_concentrations"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_current">
<component_ref component="sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_11_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_12_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_Ca_inact_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current">
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slowly_inactivating_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<component_ref component="slowly_inactivating_delayed_rectifier_K_current_r_K_slow_gate"/>
<component_ref component="slowly_inactivating_delayed_rectifier_K_current_s_K_slow_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current">
<component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current">
<component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="steady_state_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="slowly_inactivating_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="inward_rectifier"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="hyperpolarisation_activated_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="background_currents"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="SR_Ca_release_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="SERCA2a_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="intracellular_and_SR_Ca_fluxes"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L" variable_1="i_Ca_L"/>
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<rdf:value>This cell model was developed by Liren Li and represents the MOUSE VENTRICULAR MYOCYTE VARIANT. It reads both in PCenv and COR.</rdf:value>
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<dc:title>An Integrative Model of Mouse Cardiac Electrophysiology from Cell to Torso</dc:title>
<bqs:volume>7</bqs:volume>
<bqs:first_page>S56</bqs:first_page>
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<bqs:last_page>S70</bqs:last_page>
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<vCard:Given>Craig S.</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Henriquez</vCard:Family>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2001-12-00 00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2005-07-00 00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-06-07T00:00:00+00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<dc:title>Ph.D. Thesis, University of Memphis</dc:title>
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<vCard:Given>James</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Hlavacek</vCard:Family>
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<vCard:Given>Wayne R.</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Giles</vCard:Family>
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<vCard:Given>Semahat S.</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Demir</vCard:Family>
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<vCard:FN>Liren Li</vCard:FN>
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<dc:title>A Mathematical Model of Action Potential Heterogeneity in Adult Rat Left Ventricular Myocytes</dc:title>
<bqs:volume>81</bqs:volume>
<bqs:first_page>3029</bqs:first_page>
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<bqs:last_page>3051</bqs:last_page>
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<dc:title>A Mathematical Model of the Electrophysiological Alterations in Rat Ventricular Myocytes in Type-I Diabetes</dc:title>
<bqs:volume>84</bqs:volume>
<bqs:first_page>832</bqs:first_page>
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<bqs:last_page>841</bqs:last_page>
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<vCard:Given>Wayne R.</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Giles</vCard:Family>
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<vCard:FN>Liren Li</vCard:FN>
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