- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2007-06-07 02:41:41+12:00
- Desc:
- committing version01 of pandit_clark_giles_demir_2001
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.cellml.org/workspace/pandit_clark_giles_demir_2001/rawfile/64e304c9680e4900028cc010b5cf7698b75d35ec/pandit_clark_giles_demir_2001epicardial_cell.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!-- FILE : Pandit_model_2001.xml
CREATED : 7th February 2002
LAST MODIFIED : 5th June 2003
AUTHOR : Catherine Lloyd
Department of Engineering Science
The University of Auckland
MODEL STATUS : This model conforms to the CellML 1.0 Specification released on
10th August 2001, and the 16/01/2002 CellML Metadata 1.0 Specification.
DESCRIPTION : This file contains a CellML description of Pandit et al's 2001
mathematical model of action potentials in adult rat, left ventricular myocytes.
CHANGES:
18/07/2002 - CML - Added more metadata.
05/04/2003 - AAC - Changed the model name so the model loads in the database
easier.
05/06/2003 - CML - Corrected tau_j_calculation equation in
sodium_current_j_gate component.
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" cmeta:id="Pandit_model_2001" name="pandit_clark_giles_demir_2001_version01">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Adult Rat Left Ventricular Myocyte Model, 2001</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This is the original unchecked version of the model imported from the previous
CellML model repository, 24-Jan-2006.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
Over the past decade electrophysiological studies have revealed transmural heterogeneity, or differences in the action potential waveforms recorded in cells isolated from the epicardial and the endocardial tissues in the left ventricles of mammalian hearts.
</para>
<para>
The adult rat has been widely used as an experimental model to investigate the electrical heterogeneity in the left ventricle under normal conditions and pathophysiological states. From this biophysical, experimental data, derived from patch clamp experiments, Sandeep V. Pandit, Robert B. Clark, Wayne R. Giles and Semahat S. Demir have developed a mathematical model of action potential heterogeneity in adult rat left ventricular myocytes (see <xref linkend="fig_cell_diagram"/> below). The mathematical models for the epicardial and endocardial cells of the rat left ventricle are based on the classical formulation of Hodgkin and Huxley (see <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_HHSA_INTRO}">The Hodgkin-Huxley Squid Axon Model, 1952</ulink>), and are therefore similar to previous computational work carried out by this research group (see <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_D_SAN_MODEL}">Demir <emphasis>et al.</emphasis> Sinoatrial Node Model 1994</ulink> and <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_D_SAN_MODEL}">Demir <emphasis>et al.</emphasis> Sinoatrial Node Model 1999</ulink>). The endocardial cell model is based on the epicardial formulation with only slight modifications in certain parameters and equations.
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/abstract/81/6/3029">A Mathematical Model of Action Potential Heterogeneity in Adult Rat Left Ventricular Myocytes, </ulink>, Sandeep V. Pandit, Robert B. Clark, Wayne R. Giles and Semahat S. Demir, 2001, <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/">
<emphasis>Biophysical Journal</emphasis>
</ulink>, 81, 3029-3051. (<ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/full/81/6/3029">Full text</ulink> and <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/reprint/81/6/3029.pdf">PDF</ulink> versions of the article are available for Journal Members on the Biophysical Journal website.) <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11720973&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 11720973</ulink>
</para>
<para>
The raw CellML description of the Pandit <emphasis>et al</emphasis> 2001 model of action potential heterogeneity in adult rat left ventricular myocytes can be downloaded in various formats as described in <xref linkend="sec_download_this_model"/>.
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>fluid compartment model of the rat epicardial/endocardial ventricular cell</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="pandit_2001b.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A fluid compartment model of the rat epicardial/endocardial ventricular cell.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<units name="per_second">
<unit units="second" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millivolt">
<unit units="volt" prefix="milli"/>
</units>
<units name="per_millivolt">
<unit units="volt" prefix="milli" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="microS">
<unit units="siemens" prefix="micro"/>
</units>
<units name="microF">
<unit units="farad" prefix="micro"/>
</units>
<units name="nanoA">
<unit units="ampere" prefix="nano"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar">
<unit units="mole" prefix="milli"/>
<unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar_per_second">
<unit units="millimolar"/>
<unit units="second" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar3_per_second">
<unit units="millimolar" exponent="-3"/>
<unit units="second" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar4_per_second">
<unit units="millimolar" exponent="-4"/>
<unit units="second" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar_4">
<unit units="millimolar" exponent="-4"/>
</units>
<units name="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin">
<unit units="joule" prefix="milli"/>
<unit units="mole" exponent="-1"/>
<unit units="kelvin" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="coulomb_per_mole">
<unit units="coulomb" exponent="-1"/>
<unit units="mole"/>
</units>
<units name="pico_litre">
<unit units="litre" prefix="pico"/>
</units>
<!--
The "environment" component is used to declare variables that are used by
all or most of the other components, in this case just "time".
-->
<component name="environment">
<variable units="second" public_interface="out" name="time"/>
</component>
<!--
The "membrane" component is really the `root' node of our model.
It defines the action potential variable "V" among other things.
-->
<component name="membrane">
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="V" initial_value="-49.54105"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="out" name="R" initial_value="8314.0"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="out" name="T" initial_value="295.0"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="out" name="F" initial_value="96487.0"/>
<variable units="microF" name="Cm" initial_value="0.000100"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_t"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_ss"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_f"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_P"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="membrane_voltage_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_Na </ci>
<ci> i_Ca_L </ci>
<ci> i_t </ci>
<ci> i_ss </ci>
<ci> i_f </ci>
<ci> i_K1 </ci>
<ci> i_B </ci>
<ci> i_NaK </ci>
<ci> i_NaCa </ci>
<ci> i_Ca_P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> Cm </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_Na"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_Na" initial_value="0.8"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="m"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="h"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="j"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Na_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Na </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Na </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> m </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> h </ci>
<ci> j </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_Na </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="E_Na_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> E_Na </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Na_o </ci>
<ci> Na_i </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_current_m_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="m" initial_value="0.004164108"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="m_infinity"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_m"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="m_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> m </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> m_infinity </ci>
<ci> m </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_m </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="m_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> m_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
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<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 45.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -6.5 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_m_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_m </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
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<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.32 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 47.13 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.1 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 47.13 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.08 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 11.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_current_h_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="h" initial_value="0.6735613"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="h_infinity"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_h"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="h_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> h </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> h_infinity </ci>
<ci> h </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_h </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="h_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> h_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 76.1 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 6.07 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_h_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_h </ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 0.0004537 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.66 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 11.1 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<geq/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -40.0 </cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 0.00349 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.135 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 80.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 6.8 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.56 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.079 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
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<apply>
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<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.35 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_current_j_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="j" initial_value="0.6735613"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="j_infinity"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_j"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
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<diff/>
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<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> j </ci>
</apply>
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<apply>
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<ci> j </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_j </ci>
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</apply>
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<eq/>
<ci> j_infinity </ci>
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<divide/>
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<divide/>
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<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
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<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 6.07 </cn>
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<eq/>
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<times/>
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<plus/>
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<times/>
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<times/>
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<ci> V </ci>
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<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 37.78 </cn>
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<apply>
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<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 79.23 </cn>
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<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.01052 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
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<apply>
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<apply>
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<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 40.14 </cn>
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</component>
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<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_L"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_Ca_L" initial_value="0.031"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ca_L" initial_value="65.0"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="d"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f_11"/>
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<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="Ca_inact"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<eq/>
<ci> i_Ca_L </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Ca_L </ci>
<ci> d </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.9 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ca_inact </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 10.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> f_11 </ci>
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<apply>
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<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.1 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ca_inact </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 10.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> f_12 </ci>
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</apply>
<apply>
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<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_Ca_L </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
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</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="d" initial_value="0.000002171081"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="d_infinity"/>
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<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
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<ci> d </ci>
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<ci> tau_d </ci>
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<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
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<apply>
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<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 15.3 </cn>
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<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -5.0 </cn>
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<apply id="tau_d_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_d </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 0.00305 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.0045 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 0.00105 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.002 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 18.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 0.00025 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_11_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f_11" initial_value="0.9999529"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_11_infinity"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_f_11"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="f_11_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> f_11 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> f_11_infinity </ci>
<ci> f_11 </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_f_11 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="f_11_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> f_11_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 26.7 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.4 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_f_11_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_f_11 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 0.105 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 45.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 12.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 0.04 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 25.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 25.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 0.015 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 75.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 25.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 0.017 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_12_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f_12" initial_value="0.9999529"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_12_infinity"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_f_12"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="f_12_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> f_12 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> f_12_infinity </ci>
<ci> f_12 </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_f_12 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="f_12_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> f_12_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 26.7 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.4 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_f_12_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_f_12 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 0.041 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 47.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 12.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 0.08 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 55.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -5.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 0.015 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 75.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 25.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 0.017 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_Ca_inact_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Ca_inact" initial_value="0.9913102"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_Ca_inact" initial_value="0.009"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Ca_inact_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="Ca_inact_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Ca_inact </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> Ca_inact_infinity </ci>
<ci> Ca_inact </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_Ca_inact </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Ca_inact_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> Ca_inact_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 0.01 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_t"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_t" initial_value="0.035"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="a" initial_value="0.886"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="b" initial_value="0.114"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s_slow"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_t_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_t </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_t </ci>
<ci> r </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> a </ci>
<ci> s </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> b </ci>
<ci> s_slow </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="E_K_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> E_K </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> K_o </ci>
<ci> K_i </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r" initial_value="0.002191519"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_r"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="r_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="r_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> r </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> r_infinity </ci>
<ci> r </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_r </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="r_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> r_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.6 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -11.42 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 45.16 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.03577 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 50.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 98.9 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.1 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 38.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s" initial_value="0.9842542"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_s"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="s_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="s_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> s </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> s_infinity </ci>
<ci> s </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_s </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="s_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> s_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 45.3 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 6.8841 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_s_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_s </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 0.35 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 70.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 15.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 0.035 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_slow_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s_slow" initial_value="0.6421196"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_s_slow"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="s_slow_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="s_slow_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> s_slow </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> s_slow_infinity </ci>
<ci> s_slow </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_s_slow </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="s_slow_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> s_slow_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 45.3 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 6.8841 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_s_slow_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_s_slow </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 3.7 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 70.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 30.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 0.035 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="steady_state_outward_K_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_ss"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_ss" initial_value="0.007"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r_ss"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s_ss"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_ss_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_ss </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_ss </ci>
<ci> r_ss </ci>
<ci> s_ss </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r_ss" initial_value="0.002907171"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_r_ss"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="r_ss_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="r_ss_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> r_ss </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> r_ss_infinity </ci>
<ci> r_ss </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_r_ss </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="r_ss_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> r_ss_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 11.5 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -11.82 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_r_ss_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_r_ss </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 10.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 45.16 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.03577 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 50.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 98.9 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.1 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 38.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="steady_state_outward_K_current_s_ss_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s_ss" initial_value="0.31427671"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_s_ss"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="s_ss_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="s_ss_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> s_ss </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> s_ss_infinity </ci>
<ci> s_ss </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_s_ss </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="s_ss_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> s_ss_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 87.5 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.3 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_s_ss_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_s_ss </ci>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 2.1 </cn>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="inward_rectifier">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_K1" initial_value="0.024"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_K1_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_K1 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="nanoA"> 48.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 37.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 25.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 37.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -25.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="nanoA"> 10.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0001 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> E_K </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 76.77 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -17.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_K1 </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> E_K </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 1.73 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.613 </cn>
<ci> F </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> E_K </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 1.73 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> K_o </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.9988 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.124 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="hyperpolarisation_activated_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_f"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_f_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_f_K"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_f" initial_value="0.00145"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_Na" initial_value="0.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_K"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="y"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="f_K_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> f_K </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> f_Na </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="i_f_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_f </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_f </ci>
<ci> y </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> f_Na </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_Na </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> f_K </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="i_f_Na_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_f_Na </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> i_f </ci>
<ci> i_f_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="i_f_K_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_f_K </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> i_f </ci>
<ci> i_f_Na </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y" initial_value="0.003578708"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_y"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="y_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="y_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> y </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> y_infinity </ci>
<ci> y </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_y </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="y_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> y_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 138.6 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.48 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_y_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_y </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.11885 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 80.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 28.37 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.5623 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 80.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -14.19 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="background_currents">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Ca"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_K"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_B_Na" initial_value="0.00008015"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_B_Ca" initial_value="0.0000324"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_B_K" initial_value="0.000138"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ca"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_B_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_B </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_B_Na </ci>
<ci> i_B_Ca </ci>
<ci> i_B_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="i_B_Na_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_B_Na </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_B_Na </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_Na </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="i_B_Ca_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_B_Ca </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_B_Ca </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_Ca </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="i_B_K_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_B_K </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_B_K </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_potassium_pump">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_m_K" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="nanoA" name="i_NaK_max" initial_value="0.08"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="sigma"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_NaK_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_NaK </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> i_NaK_max </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.1245 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.1 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0365 </cn>
<ci> sigma </ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> K_o </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> K_o </ci>
<ci> K_m_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="sigma_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> sigma </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Na_o </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 67.3 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">7.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_P"/>
<variable units="nanoA" name="i_Ca_P_max" initial_value="0.004"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Ca_P_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Ca_P </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> i_Ca_P_max </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 0.0004 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="millimolar_4" name="K_NaCa" initial_value="0.000009984"/>
<variable units="millimolar_4" name="d_NaCa" initial_value="0.0001"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma_NaCa" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_NaCa_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_NaCa </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_NaCa </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Na_i </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> Ca_o </ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.03743 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> gamma_NaCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Na_o </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.03743 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> gamma_NaCa </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> d_NaCa </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Na_o </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ca_o </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Na_i </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_handling_mechanisms">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_rel"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="v1" initial_value="1.8e3"/>
<variable units="millimolar4_per_second" name="k_a_plus" initial_value="12.15e12"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_a_minus" initial_value="576.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar3_per_second" name="k_b_plus" initial_value="4.05e9"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_b_minus" initial_value="1930.0"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_c_plus" initial_value="100.0"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_c_minus" initial_value="0.8"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_O1" initial_value="0.0004327548"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_O2" initial_value="0.0000000006062540"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_C1" initial_value="0.6348229"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_C2" initial_value="0.3647471"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="n" initial_value="4.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="m" initial_value="3.0"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_JSR"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="P_C1_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> P_C1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> k_a_plus </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
<ci> n </ci>
</apply>
<ci> P_C1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_a_minus </ci>
<ci> P_O1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="P_O1_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> P_O1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_a_plus </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
<ci> n </ci>
</apply>
<ci> P_C1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_a_minus </ci>
<ci> P_O1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_b_plus </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
<ci> m </ci>
</apply>
<ci> P_O1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_c_plus </ci>
<ci> P_O1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_b_minus </ci>
<ci> P_O2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_c_minus </ci>
<ci> P_C2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="P_O2_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> P_O2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_b_plus </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
<ci> m </ci>
</apply>
<ci> P_O1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_b_minus </ci>
<ci> P_O2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="P_C2_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> P_C2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_c_plus </ci>
<ci> P_O1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_c_minus </ci>
<ci> P_C2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="J_rel_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> J_rel </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> v1 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> P_O1 </ci>
<ci> P_O2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> Ca_JSR </ci>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="SERCA2a_pump">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_fb" initial_value="0.000168"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_rb" initial_value="3.29"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="fb"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="rb"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="Vmaxf" initial_value="0.04"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="Vmaxr" initial_value="0.9"/> <variable units="dimensionless" name="K_SR" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="N_fb" initial_value="1.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="N_rb" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_NSR"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="J_up_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> J_up </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_SR </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Vmaxf </ci>
<ci> fb </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Vmaxr </ci>
<ci> rb </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> fb </ci>
<ci> rb </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="fb_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> fb </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
<ci> K_fb </ci>
</apply>
<ci> N_fb </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="rb_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> rb </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ca_NSR </ci>
<ci> K_rb </ci>
</apply>
<ci> N_rb </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_and_SR_Ca_fluxes">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_tr"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_xfer"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_trpn"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_tr" initial_value="0.0005747"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_xfer" initial_value="0.0267"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="HTRPNCa"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="LTRPNCa"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="J_HTRPNCa"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="J_LTRPNCa"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="HTRPN_tot" initial_value="0.140"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="LTRPN_tot" initial_value="0.070"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="k_htrpn_plus" initial_value="200000.0"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_htrpn_minus" initial_value="0.066"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="k_ltrpn_plus" initial_value="40000.0"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_ltrpn_minus" initial_value="40.0"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_NSR"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_JSR"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="J_tr_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> J_tr </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> Ca_NSR </ci>
<ci> Ca_JSR </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_tr </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="J_xfer_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> J_xfer </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_xfer </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="J_trpn_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> J_trpn </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> J_HTRPNCa </ci>
<ci> J_LTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="J_HTRPNCa_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> J_HTRPNCa </ci>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> HTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="HTRPNCa_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> HTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_htrpn_plus </ci>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> HTRPN_tot </ci>
<ci> HTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_htrpn_minus </ci>
<ci> HTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="J_LTRPNCa_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> J_LTRPNCa </ci>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> LTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="LTRPNCa_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> LTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_ltrpn_plus </ci>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> LTRPN_tot </ci>
<ci> LTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_ltrpn_minus </ci>
<ci> LTRPNCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_ion_concentrations">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_i" initial_value="10.73519"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_i" initial_value="0.00007901351"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_i" initial_value="139.2751"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_ss" initial_value="0.00008737212"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_JSR" initial_value="0.06607948"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_NSR" initial_value="0.06600742"/>
<variable units="pico_litre" name="V_myo" initial_value="9.36"/>
<variable units="pico_litre" name="V_JSR" initial_value="0.056"/>
<variable units="pico_litre" name="V_NSR" initial_value="0.504"/>
<variable units="pico_litre" name="V_SS" initial_value="0.0012"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCMDN" initial_value="0.00238"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCSQN" initial_value="0.8"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mEGTA" initial_value="0.00015"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="CMDN_tot" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="CSQN_tot" initial_value="15.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="EGTA_tot" initial_value="10.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="beta_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="beta_SS"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="beta_JSR"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_f_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_f_K"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_K"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_t"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_ss"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_P"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Ca"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_rel"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_xfer"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_trpn"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_tr"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="Cai_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_i </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> J_xfer </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> J_up </ci>
<ci> J_trpn </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> i_B_Ca </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> i_NaCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> i_Ca_P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> V_myo </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Nai_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Na_i </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_Na </ci>
<ci> i_B_Na </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> i_NaCa </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> i_NaK </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> i_f_Na </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_myo </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Ki_internal_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> K_i </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_ss </ci>
<ci> i_B_K </ci>
<ci> i_t </ci>
<ci> i_K1 </ci>
<ci> i_f_K </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> i_NaK </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_myo </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_i_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_i </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> CMDN_tot </ci>
<ci> K_mCMDN </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> K_mCMDN </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> EGTA_tot </ci>
<ci> K_mEGTA </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> K_mEGTA </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_SS_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_SS </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> CMDN_tot </ci>
<ci> K_mCMDN </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> K_mCMDN </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_JSR_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_JSR </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> CSQN_tot </ci>
<ci> K_mCSQN </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> K_mCSQN </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Ca_JSR </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Ca_ss_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Ca_ss </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_SS </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> J_rel </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> V_JSR </ci>
<ci> V_SS </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> J_xfer </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> V_myo </ci>
<ci> V_SS </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> i_Ca_L </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> V_SS </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Ca_JSR_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Ca_JSR </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_JSR </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> J_tr </ci>
<ci> J_rel </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Ca_NSR_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Ca_NSR </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> J_up </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> V_myo </ci>
<ci> V_NSR </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> J_tr </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> V_JSR </ci>
<ci> V_NSR </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="standard_ionic_concentrations">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_o" initial_value="140.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_o" initial_value="1.2"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_o" initial_value="5.4"/>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="membrane">
<component_ref component="sodium_current">
<component_ref component="sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_11_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_12_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_Ca_inact_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current">
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_slow_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current">
<component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate"/>
<component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_s_ss_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="inward_rectifier"/>
<component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current">
<component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="background_currents"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current"/>
<component_ref component="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_handling_mechanisms"/>
<component_ref component="SERCA2a_pump"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_and_SR_Ca_fluxes"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<component_ref component="standard_ionic_concentrations"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_current">
<component_ref component="sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_11_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_12_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_Ca_inact_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current">
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_slow_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current">
<component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate"/>
<component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_s_ss_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current">
<component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<!--
"Time" is passed from the "environment" component into the
"membrane" and current components.
-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="steady_state_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="inward_rectifier"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="hyperpolarisation_activated_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="background_currents"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_handling_mechanisms"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="SERCA2a_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="intracellular_and_SR_Ca_fluxes"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<!--
Several variables are passed between the "membrane" and its sub-components.
-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L" variable_1="i_Ca_L"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_t" variable_1="i_t"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="steady_state_outward_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_ss" variable_1="i_ss"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="inward_rectifier" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="hyperpolarisation_activated_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_f" variable_1="i_f"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B" variable_1="i_B"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_potassium_pump" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_P" variable_1="i_Ca_P"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<!-- Several variables are passed between the sibling components. -->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="hyperpolarisation_activated_current" component_1="sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L" variable_1="i_Ca_L"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_ss" variable_1="Ca_ss"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_t" variable_1="i_t"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="steady_state_outward_K_current" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="inward_rectifier" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="hyperpolarisation_activated_current" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="steady_state_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_ss" variable_1="i_ss"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="inward_rectifier"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="inward_rectifier"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="hyperpolarisation_activated_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_f_Na" variable_1="i_f_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_f_K" variable_1="i_f_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="background_currents"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B_Na" variable_1="i_B_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B_K" variable_1="i_B_K"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B_Ca" variable_1="i_B_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_P" variable_1="i_Ca_P"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_o" variable_1="Ca_o"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Ca_handling_mechanisms"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_rel" variable_1="J_rel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_ss" variable_1="Ca_ss"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_JSR" variable_1="Ca_JSR"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="SERCA2a_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_up" variable_1="J_up"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_NSR" variable_1="Ca_NSR"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="intracellular_and_SR_Ca_fluxes"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_tr" variable_1="J_tr"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_xfer" variable_1="J_xfer"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_trpn" variable_1="J_trpn"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_NSR" variable_1="Ca_NSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_ss" variable_1="Ca_ss"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_JSR" variable_1="Ca_JSR"/>
</connection>
<!--
Various variables are passed between parent components and their
encapsulated gates.
-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_current_m_gate" component_1="sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="m" variable_1="m"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_current_h_gate" component_1="sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="h" variable_1="h"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_current_j_gate" component_1="sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="j" variable_1="j"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="d" variable_1="d"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_11_gate" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="f_11" variable_1="f_11"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_12_gate" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="f_12" variable_1="f_12"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_Ca_inact_gate" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_inact" variable_1="Ca_inact"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_ss" variable_1="Ca_ss"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="r" variable_1="r"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="s" variable_1="s"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_slow_gate" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="s_slow" variable_1="s_slow"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate" component_1="steady_state_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="r_ss" variable_1="r_ss"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="steady_state_outward_K_current_s_ss_gate" component_1="steady_state_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="s_ss" variable_1="s_ss"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate" component_1="hyperpolarisation_activated_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="y" variable_1="y"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Bag rdf:about="rdf:#b5d66a4d-67bd-4337-95a2-ae6a5bb4d40f">
<rdf:li>Ventricular Myocyte</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>cardiac</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>electrophysiology</rdf:li>
</rdf:Bag>
<rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#citationAuthorsSeq">
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#author1Vcard"/>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2002-02-07</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<rdf:value>
The effects of ACh and Iso on i_Ca_L and i_K are produced indirectly via the cAMP-dependent modulation of L-type Ca2+ and K+ channel
conductance (g_Ca_L and g_K) respectively.
</rdf:value>
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<vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
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<vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
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<vCard:Given>Sandeep</vCard:Given>
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<vCard:Given>Wayne</vCard:Given>
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<rdf:value>Below is a CellML description of Pandit et al's 2001 mathematical model of action potential heterogeneity in adult rat left ventricular myocytes. The mathematical models for the epicardial and endocardial ventricular cells are based on the classical formulation of Hodgkin and Huxley (1952) and are therefore similar to previous computational work published by this group (Demir et al, 1994, 1999). They capture the transmural heterogeneity - or differences in the action potential waveforms in cells from the epicardial and endocardial tissues in the left ventricles of mammalian hearts. This is a model of the epicardial cells. For the endocardial cells, refer to the original paper and replace some of the parameters and equations.</rdf:value>
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<dc:title>A Mathematical Model of Action Potential Heterogeneity in Adult Rat Left Ventricular Myocytes</dc:title>
<bqs:volume>81</bqs:volume>
<bqs:first_page>3029</bqs:first_page>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2003-04-05</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<rdf:value>
Corrected tau_j_calculation equation in sodium_current_j_gate
component.
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<dc:title>Biophysical Journal</dc:title>
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The University of Auckland, Bioengineering Institute
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<dc:title>
Pandit et al's 2001 mathematical model of action potential
heterogeneity in adult rat left ventricular myocytes
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<cmeta:bio_entity>Ventricular Myocyte</cmeta:bio_entity>
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<cmeta:species>Rat</cmeta:species>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2003-06-05</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2001-01-01</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<vCard:Given>Semahat</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Demir</vCard:Family>
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<vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
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<vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
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Changed the model name so the model loads in the database easier.
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