Location: Pandit, Clark, Giles, Demir, 2001 @ 823b54628b72 / pandit_clark_giles_demir_2001epicardial_cell.cellml

Author:
pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
Date:
2007-11-01 00:20:34+13:00
Desc:
committing version07 of pandit_clark_giles_demir_2001
Permanent Source URI:
https://models.cellml.org/workspace/pandit_clark_giles_demir_2001/rawfile/823b54628b725145b2153bce2f42c18a2115dab2/pandit_clark_giles_demir_2001epicardial_cell.cellml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" cmeta:id="pandit_clark_giles_demir_2001_version05" name="pandit_clark_giles_demir_2001_version05">

<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
  <articleinfo>
  <title>Adult Rat Left Ventricular Myocyte Model, 2001</title>
  <author>
    <firstname>Catherine</firstname>
          <surname>Lloyd</surname>
    <affiliation>
      <shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
    </affiliation>
  </author>
</articleinfo>
  <section id="sec_status">
    <title>Model Status</title>
    <para>
            This is the original unchecked version of the model imported from the previous
            CellML model repository, 24-Jan-2006. 
Update: This version was updated from version 3 so that it runs in PCEnv by James R. Lawson, on 22/03/07
Update: This version was updated from version 4 on 27/03/07 so that it produces a train of action potentials rather than just one. 
</para>
<para>
There is currently an issue with Version 05 of this model. Each action potential in the train that is produced gets progressively wider. The differences in size are slight but noticeable. This issue is not present in previous versions as they do not output multiple action potentials.
          </para>
  </section>
  <sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>

<para>
Over the past decade electrophysiological studies have revealed transmural heterogeneity, or differences in the action potential waveforms recorded in cells isolated from the epicardial and the endocardial tissues in the left ventricles of mammalian hearts.
</para>

<para>
The adult rat has been widely used as an experimental model to investigate the electrical heterogeneity in the left ventricle under normal conditions and pathophysiological states.  From this biophysical, experimental data, derived from patch clamp experiments, Sandeep V. Pandit, Robert B. Clark, Wayne R. Giles and Semahat S. Demir have developed a mathematical model of action potential heterogeneity in adult rat left ventricular myocytes (see <xref linkend="fig_cell_diagram"/> below).  The mathematical models for the epicardial and endocardial cells of the rat left ventricle are based on the classical formulation of Hodgkin and Huxley (see <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_HHSA_INTRO}">The Hodgkin-Huxley Squid Axon Model, 1952</ulink>), and are therefore similar to previous computational work carried out by this research group (see <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_D_SAN_MODEL}">Demir <emphasis>et al.</emphasis> Sinoatrial Node Model 1994</ulink> and <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_D_SAN_MODEL}">Demir <emphasis>et al.</emphasis> Sinoatrial Node Model 1999</ulink>).  The endocardial cell model is based on the epicardial formulation with only slight modifications in certain parameters and equations.
</para>

<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>

<para>
<ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/abstract/81/6/3029">A Mathematical Model of Action Potential Heterogeneity in Adult Rat Left Ventricular Myocytes, </ulink>, Sandeep V. Pandit, Robert B. Clark, Wayne R. Giles and Semahat S. Demir, 2001, <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/">
            <emphasis>Biophysical Journal</emphasis>
          </ulink>, 81, 3029-3051.  (<ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/full/81/6/3029">Full text</ulink> and <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/reprint/81/6/3029.pdf">PDF</ulink> versions of the article are available for Journal Members on the Biophysical Journal website.)  <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=11720973&amp;dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 11720973</ulink> 
</para>

<para>
The raw CellML description of the Pandit <emphasis>et al</emphasis> 2001 model of action potential heterogeneity in adult rat left ventricular myocytes can be downloaded in various formats as described in <xref linkend="sec_download_this_model"/>.
</para>

<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
  <imageobject>
    <objectinfo>
      <title>fluid compartment model of the rat epicardial/endocardial ventricular cell</title>
    </objectinfo>
    <imagedata fileref="pandit_2001b.png"/>
  </imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A fluid compartment model of the rat epicardial/endocardial ventricular cell.</caption>
</informalfigure>

</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
  

   <units name="per_second">
      <unit units="second" exponent="-1"/>
   </units>
   <units name="millivolt">
      <unit units="volt" prefix="milli"/>
   </units>
   <units name="per_millivolt">
      <unit units="volt" prefix="milli" exponent="-1"/>
   </units>
   <units name="microS">
      <unit units="siemens" prefix="micro"/>
   </units>
   <units name="microF">
      <unit units="farad" prefix="micro"/>
   </units>
   <units name="nanoA">
      <unit units="ampere" prefix="nano"/>
   </units>
   <units name="millimolar">
      <unit units="mole" prefix="milli"/>
      <unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
   </units>
   <units name="millimolar_per_second">
      <unit units="millimolar"/>
      <unit units="second" exponent="-1"/>
   </units>
   <units name="millimolar3_per_second">
      <unit units="millimolar" exponent="-3"/>
      <unit units="second" exponent="-1"/>
   </units>
   <units name="millimolar4_per_second">
      <unit units="millimolar" exponent="-4"/>
      <unit units="second" exponent="-1"/>
   </units>
   <units name="millimolar_4">
      <unit units="millimolar" exponent="-4"/>
   </units>
   <units name="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin">
      <unit units="joule" prefix="milli"/>
      <unit units="mole" exponent="-1"/>
      <unit units="kelvin" exponent="-1"/>
   </units>
   <units name="coulomb_per_mole">
      <unit units="coulomb" exponent="-1"/>
      <unit units="mole"/>
   </units>
   <units name="pico_litre">
      <unit units="litre" prefix="pico"/>
   </units>
   <component name="environment">
      <variable units="second" public_interface="out" name="time"/>
   </component>


<component name="stimulus_protocol">
    <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="Istim"/>
    <variable units="ms" name="IstimStart" initial_value="10"/>
    <variable units="ms" name="IstimEnd" initial_value="1000"/>
    <variable units="nanoA" name="IstimAmplitude" initial_value="-0.6"/>
    <variable units="ms" name="IstimPeriod" initial_value="170"/>
    <variable units="ms" name="IstimPulseDuration" initial_value="5"/>
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="Stimulus_Current_Equation">
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>Istim</ci>
        <piecewise>
          <piece>
            <ci>IstimAmplitude</ci>
            <apply>
              <and/>
              <apply>
                <geq/>
                <ci>time</ci>
                <ci>IstimStart</ci>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <leq/>
                <ci>time</ci>
                <ci>IstimEnd</ci>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <leq/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <ci>time</ci>
                    <ci>IstimStart</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <apply>
                      <floor/>
                      <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                          <minus/>
                          <ci>time</ci>
                          <ci>IstimStart</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>IstimPeriod</ci>
                      </apply>
                    </apply>
                    <ci>IstimPeriod</ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
                <ci>IstimPulseDuration</ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </piece>
          <otherwise>
            <cn cellml:units="nanoA">0</cn>
          </otherwise>
        </piecewise>
      </apply>
    </math>
    <variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
  </component>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="stimulus_protocol" component_1="membrane"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Istim" variable_1="Istim"/>
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="stimulus_protocol" component_1="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>


   <component name="membrane">
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="V" initial_value="-80.50146"/>
      <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="out" name="R" initial_value="8314.5"/>
      <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="out" name="T" initial_value="295"/>
      <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="out" name="F" initial_value="96487"/>
      <variable units="microF" name="Cm" initial_value="0.0001"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_t"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_ss"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_f"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_P"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" name="i_Stim"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>V</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>i_Na</ci>
                     <ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
                     <ci>i_t</ci>
                     <ci>i_ss</ci>
                     <ci>i_f</ci>
                     <ci>i_K1</ci>
                     <ci>i_B</ci>
                     <ci>i_NaK</ci>
                     <ci>i_NaCa</ci>
                     <ci>i_Ca_P</ci>
                     <ci>i_Stim</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <ci>Cm</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>Istim</ci>
        <ci>i_Stim</ci>
      </apply>
    </math>
   <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="Istim"/>
  </component>
   <component name="sodium_current">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Na"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_Na"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_Na" initial_value="0.8"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
      <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
      <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="m"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="h"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="j"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>E_Na</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>R</ci>
                     <ci>T</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>F</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <ln/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>Na_o</ci>
                     <ci>Na_i</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_Na</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_Na</ci>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <ci>m</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
               </apply>
               <ci>h</ci>
               <ci>j</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_Na</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="sodium_current_m_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="m" initial_value="0.004164108"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="m_infinity"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_m"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>m_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">45</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.5</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_m</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="second">0.00136</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.32</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">47.13</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">47.13</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.08</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">11</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>m</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>m_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>m</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_m</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="sodium_current_h_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="h" initial_value="0.6735613"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="h_infinity"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_h"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>h_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">76.1</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.07</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_h</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="second">0.0004537</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <plus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.66</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.1</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <geq/>
                     <ci>V</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <cn cellml:units="second">0.00349</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.135</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <exp/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <plus/>
                                       <ci>V</ci>
                                       <cn cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.8</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3.56</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <exp/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.079</cn>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">310000</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <exp/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.35</cn>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>h</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>h_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>h</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_h</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="sodium_current_j_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="j" initial_value="0.6729362"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="j_infinity"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_j"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>j_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">76.1</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.07</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_j</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="second">0.01163</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <exp/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
                                 </apply>
                                 <apply>
                                    <plus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt">32</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0000002535</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <geq/>
                     <ci>V</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <cn cellml:units="second">0.00349</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">37.78</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <times/>
                                       <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.311</cn>
                                       <apply>
                                          <plus/>
                                          <ci>V</ci>
                                          <cn cellml:units="millivolt">79.23</cn>
                                       </apply>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">127140</cn>
                                 </apply>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <times/>
                                       <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.2444</cn>
                                       <ci>V</ci>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00003474</cn>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <times/>
                                       <apply>
                                          <minus/>
                                          <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.04391</cn>
                                       </apply>
                                       <ci>V</ci>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1212</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <minus/>
                                       <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.01052</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <minus/>
                                       <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1378</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                    <apply>
                                       <plus/>
                                       <ci>V</ci>
                                       <cn cellml:units="millivolt">40.14</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>j</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>j_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>j</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_j</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="L_type_Ca_channel">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_L"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_Ca_L" initial_value="0.031"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ca_L" initial_value="65"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Ca_ss"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="d"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f_11"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f_12"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="Ca_inact"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_Ca_L</ci>
               <ci>d</ci>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.9</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Ca_inact</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">10</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>f_11</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Ca_inact</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">10</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>f_12</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_Ca_L</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="d" initial_value="0.000002171081"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="d_infinity"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_d"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>d_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">15.3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_d</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">0.00305</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0045</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">7</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">0.00105</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.002</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">18</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="second">0.00025</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>d</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>d_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>d</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_d</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_11_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f_11" initial_value="0.9999529"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="f_11_infinity"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_f_11"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>f_11_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">26.7</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.4</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_f_11</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">0.105</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">45</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">12</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">0.04</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">0.015</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="second">0.0017</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>f_11</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>f_11_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>f_11</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_f_11</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_12_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f_12" initial_value="0.9999529"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="f_12_infinity"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_f_12"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>f_12_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">26.7</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.4</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_f_12</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">0.041</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">47</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">12</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">0.08</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">55</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">0.015</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="second">0.0017</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>f_12</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>f_12_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>f_12</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_f_12</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="L_type_Ca_channel_Ca_inact_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Ca_inact" initial_value="0.9913102"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_Ca_inact" initial_value="0.009"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="Ca_inact_infinity"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ca_inact_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.01</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_inact</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Ca_inact_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_inact</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_Ca_inact</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_t"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_K"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_t" initial_value="0.035"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="a" initial_value="0.886"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="b" initial_value="0.114"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
      <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
      <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s_slow"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>E_K</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>R</ci>
                     <ci>T</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>F</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <ln/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>K_o</ci>
                     <ci>K_i</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_t</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_t</ci>
               <ci>r</ci>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>a</ci>
                     <ci>s</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>b</ci>
                     <ci>s_slow</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r" initial_value="0.002191519"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_r"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="r_infinity"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>r_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.6</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.42</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_r</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="second">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">45.16</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.03577</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">98.9</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">38</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>r</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>r_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>r</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_r</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s" initial_value="0.9842542"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_s"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="s_infinity"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>s_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">45.3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.8841</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_s</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">0.35</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">70</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">15</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="second">0.035</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>s</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>s_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>s</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_s</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_slow_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s_slow" initial_value="0.6421196"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_s_slow"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="s_slow_infinity"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>s_slow_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">45.3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.8841</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_s_slow</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">3.7</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">70</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="second">0.035</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>s_slow</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>s_slow_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>s_slow</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_s_slow</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="steady_state_outward_K_current">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_ss"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_ss" initial_value="0.007"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r_ss"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s_ss"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_ss</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_ss</ci>
               <ci>r_ss</ci>
               <ci>s_ss</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r_ss" initial_value="0.002907171"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_r_ss"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="r_ss_infinity"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>r_ss_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.5</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.82</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_r_ss</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="second">10</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">45.16</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.03577</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">98.9</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">38</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>r_ss</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>r_ss_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>r_ss</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_r_ss</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="steady_state_outward_K_current_s_ss_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s_ss" initial_value="0.3142767"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_s_ss"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="s_ss_infinity"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>s_ss_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">87.5</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.3</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_s_ss</ci>
            <cn cellml:units="second">2.1</cn>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>s_ss</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>s_ss_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>s_ss</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_s_ss</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="inward_rectifier">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_K1"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_K1" initial_value="0.024"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
      <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_K1</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <cn cellml:units="nanoA">48</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <divide/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <plus/>
                                       <ci>V</ci>
                                       <cn cellml:units="millivolt">37</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <divide/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <plus/>
                                       <ci>V</ci>
                                       <cn cellml:units="millivolt">37</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                    <apply>
                                       <minus/>
                                       <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="nanoA">10</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.001</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>E_K</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">76.77</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">17</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>g_K1</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>V</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>E_K</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.73</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.613</cn>
                                 <ci>F</ci>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                       <plus/>
                                       <ci>E_K</ci>
                                       <cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.73</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>R</ci>
                                 <ci>T</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>K_o</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.9988</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.124</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="hyperpolarisation_activated_current">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_f"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_f_Na"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_f_K"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_f" initial_value="0.00145"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="f_Na" initial_value="0.2"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="f_K"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="y"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>f_K</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <ci>f_Na</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_f_Na</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_f</ci>
               <ci>y</ci>
               <ci>f_Na</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_Na</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_f_K</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_f</ci>
               <ci>y</ci>
               <ci>f_K</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_f</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>i_f_Na</ci>
               <ci>i_f_K</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y" initial_value="0.003578708"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_y"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="y_infinity"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>y_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">138.6</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.48</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_y</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="second">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.11885</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">28.37</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5623</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">14.19</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>y</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>y_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>y</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_y</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="background_currents">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Na"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Ca"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_K"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_B_Na" initial_value="0.00008015"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_B_Ca" initial_value="0.0000324"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_B_K" initial_value="0.000138"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ca"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
      <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
      <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>E_Ca</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5</cn>
                     <ci>R</ci>
                     <ci>T</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>F</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <ln/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                     <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_B_Na</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_B_Na</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_Na</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_B_Ca</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_B_Ca</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_Ca</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_B_K</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_B_K</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_B</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>i_B_Na</ci>
               <ci>i_B_Ca</ci>
               <ci>i_B_K</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="sodium_potassium_pump">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaK"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" name="i_NaK_max" initial_value="0.08"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="K_m_K" initial_value="1.5"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="K_m_Na" initial_value="10"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="sigma"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
      <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
      <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>sigma</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>Na_o</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="millimolar">67.3</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">7</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_NaK</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>i_NaK_max</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1245</cn>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <divide/>
                                       <apply>
                                          <times/>
                                          <apply>
                                             <minus/>
                                             <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
                                          </apply>
                                          <ci>V</ci>
                                          <ci>F</ci>
                                       </apply>
                                       <apply>
                                          <times/>
                                          <ci>R</ci>
                                          <ci>T</ci>
                                       </apply>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0365</cn>
                                 <ci>sigma</ci>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <divide/>
                                       <apply>
                                          <times/>
                                          <apply>
                                             <minus/>
                                             <ci>V</ci>
                                          </apply>
                                          <ci>F</ci>
                                       </apply>
                                       <apply>
                                          <times/>
                                          <ci>R</ci>
                                          <ci>T</ci>
                                       </apply>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>K_o</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>K_o</ci>
                        <ci>K_m_K</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>K_m_Na</ci>
                        <ci>Na_i</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.5</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_P"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" name="i_Ca_P_max" initial_value="0.004"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_Ca_P</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>i_Ca_P_max</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.0004</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaCa"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_4" name="K_NaCa" initial_value="0.000009984"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_4" name="d_NaCa" initial_value="0.0001"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma_NaCa" initial_value="0.5"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_NaCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>K_NaCa</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>Na_i</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.03743</cn>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <ci>gamma_NaCa</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>Na_o</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.03743</cn>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>gamma_NaCa</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>d_NaCa</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                           <apply>
                              <power/>
                              <ci>Na_o</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                           <apply>
                              <power/>
                              <ci>Na_i</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="SR_Ca_release_channel">
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_rel"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="v1" initial_value="1.8e3"/>
      <variable units="millimolar4_per_second" name="k_a_plus" initial_value="12.15e12"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="k_a_minus" initial_value="576"/>
      <variable units="millimolar3_per_second" name="k_b_plus" initial_value="4.05e9"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="k_b_minus" initial_value="1930"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="k_c_plus" initial_value="100"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="k_c_minus" initial_value="0.8"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="P_O1" initial_value="0.0004327548"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="P_O2" initial_value="0.000000000606254"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="P_C1" initial_value="0.6348229"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="P_C2" initial_value="0.3647471"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="n" initial_value="4"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="m" initial_value="3"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_JSR"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>P_C1</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>k_a_plus</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
                     <ci>n</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>P_C1</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_a_minus</ci>
                  <ci>P_O1</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>P_O1</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>k_a_plus</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
                        <ci>n</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>P_C1</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>k_a_minus</ci>
                        <ci>P_O1</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>k_b_plus</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
                           <ci>m</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>P_O1</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>k_c_plus</ci>
                        <ci>P_O1</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_b_minus</ci>
                  <ci>P_O2</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_c_minus</ci>
                  <ci>P_C2</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>P_O2</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_b_plus</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
                     <ci>m</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>P_O1</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_b_minus</ci>
                  <ci>P_O2</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>P_C2</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_c_plus</ci>
                  <ci>P_O1</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_c_minus</ci>
                  <ci>P_C2</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_rel</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>v1</ci>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>P_O1</ci>
                  <ci>P_O2</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="SERCA2a_pump">
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_up"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="K_fb" initial_value="0.000168"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="K_rb" initial_value="3.29"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="fb"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="rb"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="Vmaxf" initial_value="0.04"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="Vmaxr" initial_value="0.9"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="K_SR" initial_value="1"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="N_fb" initial_value="1.2"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="N_rb" initial_value="1"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_NSR"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>fb</ci>
            <apply>
               <power/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                  <ci>K_fb</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>N_fb</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>rb</ci>
            <apply>
               <power/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
                  <ci>K_rb</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>N_rb</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_up</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>K_SR</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>Vmaxf</ci>
                        <ci>fb</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>Vmaxr</ci>
                        <ci>rb</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <ci>fb</ci>
                  <ci>rb</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="intracellular_and_SR_Ca_fluxes">
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_tr"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_xfer"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_trpn"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_tr" initial_value="0.0005747"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_xfer" initial_value="0.0267"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="HTRPNCa" initial_value="1.394301e-1"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="LTRPNCa" initial_value="5.1619e-3"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="J_HTRPNCa"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="J_LTRPNCa"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="HTRPN_tot" initial_value="0.14"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="LTRPN_tot" initial_value="0.07"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="k_htrpn_plus" initial_value="200000"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="k_htrpn_minus" initial_value="0.066"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="k_ltrpn_plus" initial_value="40000"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="k_ltrpn_minus" initial_value="40"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_NSR"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_JSR"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_tr</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_tr</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_xfer</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_xfer</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>J_HTRPNCa</ci>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci>k_htrpn_plus</ci>
            <ci>Ca_i</ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <ci>HTRPN_tot</ci>
              <ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci>k_htrpn_minus</ci>
            <ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_htrpn_plus</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>HTRPN_tot</ci>
                     <ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_htrpn_minus</ci>
                  <ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
        <eq/>
        <ci>J_LTRPNCa</ci>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci>k_ltrpn_plus</ci>
            <ci>Ca_i</ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <ci>LTRPN_tot</ci>
              <ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci>k_ltrpn_minus</ci>
            <ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_ltrpn_plus</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>LTRPN_tot</ci>
                     <ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_ltrpn_minus</ci>
                  <ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_trpn</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>J_HTRPNCa</ci>
               <ci>J_LTRPNCa</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="intracellular_ion_concentrations">
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_i" initial_value="10.73519"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_i" initial_value="0.00007901351"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_i" initial_value="139.2751"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_ss" initial_value="0.00008737212"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_JSR" initial_value="0.06607948"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_NSR" initial_value="0.06600742"/>
      <variable units="pico_litre" name="V_myo" initial_value="0.00000936"/>
      <variable units="pico_litre" name="V_JSR" initial_value="0.000000056"/>
      <variable units="pico_litre" name="V_NSR" initial_value="0.000000504"/>
      <variable units="pico_litre" name="V_SS" initial_value="0.0000000012"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCMDN" initial_value="0.00238"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCSQN" initial_value="0.8"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="K_mEGTA" initial_value="0.00015"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="CMDN_tot" initial_value="0.05"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="CSQN_tot" initial_value="15"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="EGTA_tot" initial_value="10"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="beta_i"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="beta_SS"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="beta_JSR"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Na"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_f_Na"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_f_K"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_K"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_t"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_ss"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_P"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Ca"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_up"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_rel"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_xfer"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_trpn"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_tr"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_i</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>CMDN_tot</ci>
                        <ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
                           <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>EGTA_tot</ci>
                        <ci>K_mEGTA</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>K_mEGTA</ci>
                           <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_SS</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>CMDN_tot</ci>
                        <ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
                           <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_JSR</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>CSQN_tot</ci>
                        <ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
                           <ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_i</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>beta_i</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>J_xfer</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>J_up</ci>
                     <ci>J_trpn</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>i_B_Ca</ci>
                                 <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    <ci>i_NaCa</ci>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>i_Ca_P</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                           <ci>V_myo</ci>
                           <ci>F</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Na_i</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>i_Na</ci>
                        <ci>i_B_Na</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>i_NaCa</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>i_NaK</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>i_f_Na</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>V_myo</ci>
                  <ci>F</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>K_i</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>i_ss</ci>
                        <ci>i_B_K</ci>
                        <ci>i_t</ci>
                        <ci>i_K1</ci>
                        <ci>i_f_K</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>i_NaK</ci>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>V_myo</ci>
                  <ci>F</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>beta_SS</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>J_rel</ci>
                           <ci>V_JSR</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>V_SS</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>J_xfer</ci>
                           <ci>V_myo</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>V_SS</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        <ci>V_SS</ci>
                        <ci>F</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>beta_JSR</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>J_tr</ci>
                  <ci>J_rel</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>J_up</ci>
                     <ci>V_myo</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>V_NSR</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>J_tr</ci>
                     <ci>V_JSR</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>V_NSR</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="standard_ionic_concentrations">
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_o" initial_value="140"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_o" initial_value="1.2"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_o" initial_value="5.4"/>
   </component>
   <group>
      <relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
      <component_ref component="membrane">
         <component_ref component="sodium_current">
            <component_ref component="sodium_current_m_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="sodium_current_h_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="sodium_current_j_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
            <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_11_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_12_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_Ca_inact_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current">
            <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_slow_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current">
            <component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_s_ss_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="inward_rectifier"/>
         <component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current">
            <component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="background_currents"/>
         <component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
         <component_ref component="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current"/>
         <component_ref component="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current"/>
         <component_ref component="SR_Ca_release_channel"/>
         <component_ref component="SERCA2a_pump"/>
         <component_ref component="intracellular_and_SR_Ca_fluxes"/>
         <component_ref component="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
         <component_ref component="standard_ionic_concentrations"/>
      </component_ref>
   </group>
   <group>
      <relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
      <component_ref component="sodium_current">
         <component_ref component="sodium_current_m_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="sodium_current_h_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="sodium_current_j_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
         <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_11_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_12_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_Ca_inact_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current">
         <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_slow_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current">
         <component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_s_ss_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current">
         <component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
   </group>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="membrane"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="steady_state_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="inward_rectifier"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="hyperpolarisation_activated_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="background_currents"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="SR_Ca_release_channel"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="SERCA2a_pump"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="intracellular_and_SR_Ca_fluxes"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="sodium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel" component_1="membrane"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L" variable_1="i_Ca_L"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_t" variable_1="i_t"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="steady_state_outward_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_ss" variable_1="i_ss"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="inward_rectifier" component_1="membrane"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="hyperpolarisation_activated_current" component_1="membrane"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_f" variable_1="i_f"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="membrane"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_B" variable_1="i_B"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="sodium_potassium_pump" component_1="membrane"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current" component_1="membrane"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_P" variable_1="i_Ca_P"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current" component_1="membrane"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="membrane"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sodium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="sodium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="hyperpolarisation_activated_current" component_1="sodium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="sodium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="background_currents"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_o" variable_1="Ca_o"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L" variable_1="i_Ca_L"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_ss" variable_1="Ca_ss"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_t" variable_1="i_t"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="steady_state_outward_K_current" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="inward_rectifier" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="hyperpolarisation_activated_current" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="steady_state_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_ss" variable_1="i_ss"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="inward_rectifier"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="inward_rectifier"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="hyperpolarisation_activated_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_f_Na" variable_1="i_f_Na"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_f_K" variable_1="i_f_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="background_currents"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_B_Na" variable_1="i_B_Na"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_B_K" variable_1="i_B_K"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_B_Ca" variable_1="i_B_Ca"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_P" variable_1="i_Ca_P"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_o" variable_1="Ca_o"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="SR_Ca_release_channel"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="J_rel" variable_1="J_rel"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_ss" variable_1="Ca_ss"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_JSR" variable_1="Ca_JSR"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="SERCA2a_pump"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="J_up" variable_1="J_up"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_NSR" variable_1="Ca_NSR"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="intracellular_and_SR_Ca_fluxes"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="J_tr" variable_1="J_tr"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="J_xfer" variable_1="J_xfer"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="J_trpn" variable_1="J_trpn"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_NSR" variable_1="Ca_NSR"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_ss" variable_1="Ca_ss"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_JSR" variable_1="Ca_JSR"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="sodium_current_m_gate" component_1="sodium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="m" variable_1="m"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="sodium_current_h_gate" component_1="sodium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="h" variable_1="h"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="sodium_current_j_gate" component_1="sodium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="j" variable_1="j"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="d" variable_1="d"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_11_gate" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="f_11" variable_1="f_11"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_12_gate" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="f_12" variable_1="f_12"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_Ca_inact_gate" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_inact" variable_1="Ca_inact"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_ss" variable_1="Ca_ss"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="r" variable_1="r"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="s" variable_1="s"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_slow_gate" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="s_slow" variable_1="s_slow"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate" component_1="steady_state_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="r_ss" variable_1="r_ss"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="steady_state_outward_K_current_s_ss_gate" component_1="steady_state_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="s_ss" variable_1="s_ss"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate" component_1="hyperpolarisation_activated_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="y" variable_1="y"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
   </connection>
<units name="ms">
    <unit units="second" prefix="milli"/>
  </units>








<rdf:RDF>
  <rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#citationAuthorsSeq">
    <rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#author1Vcard"/>
    <rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#author2Vcard"/>
    <rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#author3Vcard"/>
    <rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#author4Vcard"/>
  </rdf:Seq>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#85476edf-f9e1-4df4-93d9-c40a9eb787aa">
    <bqs:JournalArticle rdf:resource="rdf:#78354dd6-0079-47b3-96a4-1c977220c159"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author4Vcard">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#author4VcardN"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author1Vcard">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#author1VcardN"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$fUikW1">
    <ns7:boundIntervals rdf:resource="rdf:#$gUikW1"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#78354dd6-0079-47b3-96a4-1c977220c159">
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#citationAuthorsSeq"/>
    <dc:title>A Mathematical Model of Action Potential Heterogeneity in Adult Rat Left Ventricular Myocytes</dc:title>
    <bqs:volume>81</bqs:volume>
    <bqs:first_page>3029</bqs:first_page>
    <bqs:Journal rdf:resource="rdf:#3463bd2e-ca66-4c6e-a3d6-3adff62db46f"/>
    <dcterms:issued rdf:resource="rdf:#87361c18-90d8-4d9c-8449-c634fcf20d98"/>
    <bqs:last_page>3051</bqs:last_page>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author3VcardN">
    <vCard:Given>W</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Giles</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>R</vCard:Other>
    <vCard:Other>R</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1cd63cbc-e0ff-4668-a48d-502fba8f8a00">
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#030b8ec9-b340-4650-abbe-31d3e243a8f4"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#030b8ec9-b340-4650-abbe-31d3e243a8f4">
    <vCard:Given>Peter</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Villiger</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>J</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3463bd2e-ca66-4c6e-a3d6-3adff62db46f">
    <dc:title>Biophysical Journal</dc:title>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author2Vcard">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#author2VcardN"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d22db5c1-f11c-4add-9f76-760ed32fddbd">
    <vCard:ORG rdf:resource="rdf:#f72d8317-c713-4c4b-8362-f55f955a22e3"/>
    <vCard:EMAIL rdf:resource="rdf:#21b0fb84-b1d9-4f2f-84c1-ebba0c2a709e"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#9159db28-8090-4456-bb2f-9803bd4003a8"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="#pandit_clark_giles_demir_2001_version05">
    <ns7:simulation rdf:resource="rdf:#$fUikW1"/>
    <bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#85476edf-f9e1-4df4-93d9-c40a9eb787aa"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author2VcardN">
    <vCard:Given>R</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Clark</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>B</vCard:Other>
    <vCard:Other>B</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="">
    <cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#2b627ab6-ca63-4320-977b-6beb80f72921"/>
    <dcterms:created rdf:resource="rdf:#216b8226-90ed-4ed2-b162-a9f43ef270f1"/>
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#d22db5c1-f11c-4add-9f76-760ed32fddbd"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#21b0fb84-b1d9-4f2f-84c1-ebba0c2a709e">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/>
    <rdf:value>unknown</rdf:value>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author3Vcard">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#author3VcardN"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author1VcardN">
    <vCard:Given>S</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Pandit</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>V</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2b627ab6-ca63-4320-977b-6beb80f72921">
    <dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#e82eda2b-f8de-44cf-a96c-b6306f3f1999"/>
    <rdf:value>added metadata</rdf:value>
    <cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#1cd63cbc-e0ff-4668-a48d-502fba8f8a00"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$gUikW1">
    <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
    <rdf:first rdf:resource="rdf:#$hUikW1"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#216b8226-90ed-4ed2-b162-a9f43ef270f1">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-03-22</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author4VcardN">
    <vCard:Given>S</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Demir</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>S</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f72d8317-c713-4c4b-8362-f55f955a22e3">
    <vCard:Orgname>unknown</vCard:Orgname>
    <vCard:Orgunit>unknown</vCard:Orgunit>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$hUikW1">
    <ns7:endingValue>1</ns7:endingValue>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#87361c18-90d8-4d9c-8449-c634fcf20d98">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2001-12-01</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e82eda2b-f8de-44cf-a96c-b6306f3f1999">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2006-03-31</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</model>