- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2009-06-17 16:03:16+12:00
- Desc:
- committing version01 of shorten_wall_2000
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.cellml.org/workspace/shorten_wall_2000/rawfile/13f80211e839268939c1d5bcf7d96abd262f3506/shorten_wall_2000.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!-- FILE : shorten_model_2000.xml
CREATED : 3rd December 2002
LAST MODIFIED : 9th April 2003
AUTHOR : Catherine Lloyd
Bioengineering Institute
The University of Auckland
MODEL STATUS : This model conforms to the CellML 1.0 Specification released on
10th August 2001, and the 16/01/2002 CellML Metadata 1.0 Specification.
DESCRIPTION : This file contains a CellML description of Shorten and Wall's 2000 Hodgkin-Huxley type mathematical model of bursting oscillations in pituitary corticotrophs.
CHANGES:
09/04/2003 - AAC - Added publication date information.
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" cmeta:id="shorten_wall_2000_version01" name="shorten_wall_2000_version01">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>A Hodgkin-Huxley Model Exhibiting Bursting Oscillations</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This is the original unchecked version of the model imported from the previous
CellML model repository, 24-Jan-2006.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
Like many other types of excitable cell, pituitary corticotrophs display bursting behaviour. These electrical bursts consist of Ca<superscript>2+</superscript>-carrying action potentials, alternating with silent phases of repolarisation. Spikes representing sudden membrane depolarisation are often accompanied by oscillations in cytosolic Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> concentration ([Ca<superscript>2+</superscript>]<subscript>i</subscript>), and also in corticotrophs, they are followed by small oscillations in the membrane potential.
</para>
<para>
The mechanisms underlying this bursting behaviour have been the subject of several studies. In this study described here, Paul R. Shorten and David J.N. Wall develop a Hodgkin-Huxley type mathematical model (for the original model description see <ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_HHSA_INTRO}">The Hodgkin-Huxley Squid Axon Model, 1952</ulink>) of pituitary corticotrophs. The model includes the major plasma membrane ionic currents and the associated intracellular Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> dynamics (see <xref linkend="fig_cell_diagram"/> below). The bursting process is driven by the slow modulation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> concentration ([Ca<superscript>2+</superscript>]<subscript>er</subscript>), giving rise to a slow component in [Ca<superscript>2+</superscript>]<subscript>i</subscript>. This then gives rise to the electrical bursting via a Ca<superscript>2+</superscript>-activated potassium current (<emphasis>I<subscript>K-Ca</subscript>
</emphasis>). Model simulations showed that bursting frequency is dependent on the ER Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> storage capacity, the Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> transport mechanisms, and the activation of a Ca<superscript>2+</superscript>-activated K<superscript>+</superscript> current.
</para>
<para>
Excitable cells display a wide range of different types of bursting behaviours. Shorten and Wall discovered that their model exhibits a novel form of bursting due to bistability between two stable oscillatory solutions. Due to the bifurcations involved, this type of bursting is called 'fold cycle/fold cycle' bursting. In their paper, which is fully referenced below, Shorten and Wall aim to highlight interesting modes of bursting in Hodgkin-Huxley type mathematical models and elucidate their underlying mechanisms. They especially emphasise how small parameter changes can cause large changes in the model behaviour.
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WC7-45FSH13-5&_user=140507&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F2000&_rdoc=5&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%236731%232000%23999379995%23297828!&_cdi=6731&_sort=d&_docanchor=&wchp=dGLbVtb-lSzBk&_acct=C000011498&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=140507&md5=7a61b5104955aba27d94411359b73902">A Hodgkin-Huxley Model Exhibiting Bursting Oscillations</ulink>, Paul R. Shorten and David J.N. Wall, 2000, <ulink url="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=6731&_auth=y&_acct=C000011498&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=140507&md5=2670d6bf58ba6625cf8c13344d6a4cb5">
<emphasis>Bulletin of Mathematical Biology</emphasis>
</ulink>, 62, 695-715. (A PDF version of the article is available for Journal Members on the Bulletin of Mathematical Biology journal website.) <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10938629&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 10938629</ulink>
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>cell schematic for the model</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="shorten_wall_2000.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>Schematic diagram of a pituitary corticotroph cell showing the transmembrane ionic currents and the intracellular Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> dynamics captured by the mathematical model. Arrows indicate ionic channels and pumps. <emphasis>I<subscript>Ca-L</subscript>
</emphasis> represents an L-type Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> current responsible for most of the Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> influx during an action potential. <emphasis>I<subscript>Ca-T</subscript>
</emphasis> is a T-type voltage-sensitive Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> current. A voltage-sensitive K<superscript>+</superscript> current, <emphasis>I<subscript>K-DR</subscript>
</emphasis>, is mainly responsible for action potential repolarisation. A Ca<superscript>2+</superscript>-activated K<superscript>+</superscript> current, <emphasis>I<subscript>K-Ca</subscript>
</emphasis>, is essential for bursting behaviour. The remaining leak current, <emphasis>I<subscript>leak</subscript>
</emphasis>, represents all other ionic fluxes across the plasma membrane which are not specifically described by the model. <emphasis>J<subscript>eff</subscript>
</emphasis> and <emphasis>J<subscript>up</subscript>
</emphasis> are the ER and plasma membrane Ca<superscript>2+</superscript>-ATPase pumps, and <emphasis>J<subscript>rel</subscript>
</emphasis> represents the ER Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> leakage term. Within the ER and the cytosol, significant portions of Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> are bound to buffers, denoted by B<subscript>er</subscript> and B<subscript>c</subscript> respectively.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<!--
Below, we define some additional units for association with variables and
constants within the model. The identifiers are fairly self-explanatory.
-->
<units name="millisecond">
<unit units="second" prefix="milli"/>
</units>
<units name="millivolt">
<unit units="volt" prefix="milli"/>
</units>
<units name="picoL">
<unit units="litre" prefix="pico"/>
</units>
<units name="picoL_per_millisecond">
<unit units="picoL"/>
<unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1.0"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar">
<unit units="mole" prefix="milli"/>
<unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar_per_millisecond">
<unit units="millimolar"/>
<unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1.0"/>
</units>
<units name="molar">
<unit units="mole"/>
<unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="micromolar">
<unit units="mole" prefix="micro"/>
<unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="micromolar_micrometre_per_millisecond">
<unit units="micromolar"/>
<unit units="micrometre"/>
<unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="micromolar_picoL_per_millisecond">
<unit units="micromolar"/>
<unit units="picoL"/>
<unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="micromolar_micrometre_per_millisecond_per_picoA">
<unit units="micromolar"/>
<unit units="micrometre"/>
<unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1"/>
<unit units="ampere" prefix="pico" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="nanoS_per_millimolar">
<unit units="siemens" prefix="nano"/>
<unit units="molar" prefix="milli" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="picoF">
<unit units="farad" prefix="pico"/>
</units>
<units name="nanoS">
<unit units="siemens" prefix="nano"/>
</units>
<units name="microA_per_cm2">
<unit units="ampere" prefix="micro"/>
<unit units="metre" prefix="centi" exponent="-2.0"/>
</units>
<units name="micrometre">
<unit units="metre" prefix="micro"/>
</units>
<units name="per_micrometre">
<unit units="micrometre" exponent="-1.0"/>
</units>
<units name="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin">
<unit units="joule"/>
<unit units="mole" prefix="kilo" exponent="-1"/>
<unit units="kelvin" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="coulomb_per_mole">
<unit units="coulomb"/>
<unit units="mole" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<component name="environment">
<variable units="second" public_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="picoL" public_interface="out" name="V_cell" initial_value="1.77"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_e" initial_value="20.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_e" initial_value="5.6"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_i" initial_value="140.0"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="V_tau" initial_value="-60.0"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="k_tau" initial_value="22.0"/>
</component>
<component name="membrane">
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="out" name="R" initial_value="8.314"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="out" name="T" initial_value="310.0"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="out" name="F" initial_value="96845.0"/>
<variable units="picoF" name="Cm" initial_value="7.0"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L"/>
<variable units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_T"/>
<variable units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="in" name="i_K_DR"/>
<variable units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="in" name="i_K_Ca"/>
<variable units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="in" name="i_leak"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="membrane_voltage_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_Ca_L </ci>
<ci> i_Ca_T </ci>
<ci> i_K_DR </ci>
<ci> i_K_Ca </ci>
<ci> i_leak </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> Cm </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_calcium_current">
<variable units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_L"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="V_Ca"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_millimolar" name="g_Ca_L" initial_value="9.0"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V_tau"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="k_tau"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_e"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="m_L"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Ca_L_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Ca_L </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Ca_L </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> m_L </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> V_Ca </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_Ca_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_Ca </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
<ci> Ca_e </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> F </ci>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> F </ci>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_calcium_current_m_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="m_L"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="m_L_infinity"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_m_L"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_m_L_max" initial_value="27.0"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="V_m_L" initial_value="-18.0"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="k_m_L" initial_value="12.0"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V_tau"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="k_tau"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="m_L_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> m_L </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> m_L_infinity </ci>
<ci> m_L </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_m_L </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="m_L_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> m_L_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V_m_L </ci>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<ci> k_m_L </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_m_L_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_m_L </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> tau_m_L_max </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> V_tau </ci>
</apply>
<ci> k_tau </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V_tau </ci>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> k_tau </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="T_type_calcium_current">
<variable units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_T"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_millimolar" name="g_Ca_T" initial_value="10.0"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V_tau"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="k_tau"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V_Ca"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="m_T"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="h_T"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Ca_T_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Ca_T </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Ca_T </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> m_T </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> h_T </ci>
<ci> V_Ca </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="T_type_calcium_current_m_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="m_T"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="m_T_infinity"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_m_T"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_m_T_max" initial_value="10.0"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="V_m_T" initial_value="-30.0"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="k_m_T" initial_value="10.5"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V_tau"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="k_tau"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="m_T_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> m_T </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> m_T_infinity </ci>
<ci> m_T </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_m_T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="m_T_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> m_T_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V_m_T </ci>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<ci> k_m_T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_m_T_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_m_T </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> tau_m_T_max </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> V_tau </ci>
</apply>
<ci> k_tau </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V_tau </ci>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> k_tau </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="T_type_calcium_current_h_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="h_T"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="h_T_infinity"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_h_T" initial_value="15.0"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="V_h_T" initial_value="-57.0"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="k_h_T" initial_value="5.0"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="h_T_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> h_T </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> h_T_infinity </ci>
<ci> h_T </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_h_T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="h_T_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> h_T_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> V_h_T </ci>
</apply>
<ci> k_h_T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="voltage_sensitive_K_current">
<variable units="microA_per_cm2" public_interface="out" name="i_K_DR"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="V_K"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_millimolar" name="g_K_DR" initial_value="0.1"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_e"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="n"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_K_DR_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_K_DR </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_K_DR </ci>
<ci> n </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> V_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_K_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_K </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> K_i </ci>
<ci> K_e </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
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<component name="voltage_sensitive_K_current_n_gate">
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<variable units="dimensionless" name="n_infinity"/>
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<variable units="nanoS_per_millimolar" name="g_K_Ca" initial_value="0.09"/>
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<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="J_up"/>
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<connection>
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<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Bag rdf:about="rdf:#96808c5c-c465-4f6b-a7b4-1fce4571e2d8">
<rdf:li>Pituitary Corticotrophs</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>corticotroph</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>calcium dynamics</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>electrophysiology</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>pituitary</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>hodgkin-huxley</rdf:li>
</rdf:Bag>
<rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#3b2c2689-14a6-4107-b255-2de23469186d">
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#49be5d18-a14e-40db-bc2f-447760b4d3db"/>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2a4b068b-509f-48a4-8abc-86c2be52540b">
<vCard:Orgname>The University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
<vCard:Orgunit>The Bioengineering Institute</vCard:Orgunit>
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<vCard:Given>Paul</vCard:Given>
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<rdf:value>c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2002-12-03</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#shorten_wall_2000_version01">
<dc:title>
Shorten and Wall's 2000 Hodgkin-Huxley type mathematical model of
bursting oscillations in pituitary corticotrophs.
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<cmeta:bio_entity>Pituitary Corticotrophs</cmeta:bio_entity>
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The University of Auckland, Bioengineering Institute
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ea511990-dde8-4070-afd8-3050d6987e24">
<dc:title>Bulletin of Mathematical Biology</dc:title>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#22a8032f-b5ae-4b1f-8bcc-f3004132fb30">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#d6977cb9-b89e-4464-93f2-f8f7f4049e83"/>
<rdf:value>
This is the CellML description of Shorten and Wall's 2000
Hodgkin-Huxley type mathematical model of bursting oscillations in
pituitary corticotrophs.
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<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#ec786568-fceb-4536-9983-3883a6c3d271"/>
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Added publication date information.
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<vCard:Given>David</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Wall</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>J</vCard:Other>
<vCard:Other>N</vCard:Other>
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A Hodgkin-Huxley Model Exhibiting Bursting Oscillations
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