- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2007-06-18 00:52:34+12:00
- Desc:
- committing version03 of tentusscher_noble_noble_panfilov_2004
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.cellml.org/workspace/tentusscher_noble_noble_panfilov_2004/rawfile/3c76fcf29de628cad7d27e94e1ca4f471759fb37/tentusscher_noble_noble_panfilov_2004.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!-- FILE : ten_tusscher_model_2004.xml
CREATED : 5th June 2004
LAST MODIFIED : 20th April 2005
AUTHOR : Catherine Lloyd
The Bioengineering Institute
The University of Auckland
MODEL STATUS : This model conforms to the CellML 1.0 Specification released on
10th August 2001, and the CellML Metadata 1.0 Specification released on 16th
January, 2002.
DESCRIPTION : This file contains a CellML description of ten Tusscher et al.'s 2004 mathematical model for human ventricular tissue.
CHANGES:
20/04/2005 - PJV - Made MathML id's unique
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" cmeta:id="tentusscher_noble_noble_panfilov_2004_version01" name="tentusscher_noble_noble_panfilov_2004_version01">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>A Model For Human Ventricular Tissue</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This is the original unchecked version of the model imported from the previous
CellML model repository, 24-Jan-2006.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
Cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death are amongst the most common causes of premature death in the devloped world. However despite their prevalance, they remain relatively poorly understood. Mathematical models, which capture the function of the beating human heart, play an important role in cardiac research. In part this is because practical experiments on human hearts are limited, and animal hearts may differ significantly in their anatomy and physiology relative to the human heart. In addition, cardiac arrhythmias are three dimensional phenomena, while experimental observations are mainly limited to surface recordings.
</para>
<para>
Existing mathematical models of human ventricular cells include:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_PRIEBE_MODEL}">Priebe and Beuckelmann, Electrophysiological Model of the Human Ventricular Myocyte, 1998</ulink>; and</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_BERNUS_MODEL}">Bernus <emphasis>et al.</emphasis> A Computationally Efficient Electrophysiological Model of Human Ventricular Cells, 2002</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para/>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
However, these models have their limitations, such as the fact that several of the equations are based on animal data. The aim of the 2004 study by ten Tusscher <emphasis>et al.</emphasis>, is to develop a new model for human ventricular cells that is based on recent experimetnal data and that is computationally efficient for large-scale spatial simulations. A schematic diagrma of the modl can be seen in <xref linkend="fig_cell_diagram"/> below.
</para>
<para>
The model has been described here in CellML (the raw CellML description of the ten Tusscher <emphasis>et al.</emphasis> 2004 model can be downloaded in various formats as described in <xref linkend="sec_download_this_model"/>).
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://ajpheart.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/286/4/H1573">A model for human ventricular tissue</ulink>, K.H.W.J. ten Tusscher, D. Noble, P.J. Noble, and A.V. Panfilov, 2004, <ulink url="http://ajpheart.physiology.org/">
<emphasis>American Journal of Physiology</emphasis>
</ulink>, 286, H1573-H1589. (<ulink url="http://ajpheart.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/286/4/H1573">Full text (HTML)</ulink> and <ulink url="http://ajpheart.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/286/4/H1573.pdf">PDF</ulink> versions of the article are available to subscribers on the <emphasis>American Journal of Physiology</emphasis> website.) <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14656705&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 14656705</ulink>
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>cell diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="tentusscher_2004.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A schematic diagram describing the ion movement across the cell surface membrane and the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which are described by the Ten Tusscher <emphasis>et al.</emphasis> 2004 mathematical model of the human ventricular myocyte.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<units name="millisecond">
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<units name="micrometre3">
<unit units="metre" prefix="micro" exponent="3"/>
</units>
<component name="environment">
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="out" name="time"/>
</component>
<component name="membrane">
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_stim"/>
<variable units="microF_per_cm2" name="Cm" initial_value="2.0"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_to"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Kr"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ks"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_CaL"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_pCa"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_pK"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_bCa"/>
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</apply>
<ci> Cm </ci>
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</math>
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<component name="reversal_potentials">
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<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_Ca"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_K"/>
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<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
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<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ki"/>
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<log/>
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<divide/>
<ci> Nao </ci>
<ci> Nai </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
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<eq/>
<ci> E_Ca </ci>
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<times/>
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<divide/>
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<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
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<ci> Cai </ci>
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<component name="fast_sodium_current">
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<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Na" initial_value="14.838"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
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<ci> V </ci>
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</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.311 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 79.23 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -40.0 </cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.0 </cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_j_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_j </ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.02424 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.01052 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.1378 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 40.14 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -40.0 </cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.6 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.057 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.1 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 32.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_j_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_j </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> alpha_j </ci>
<ci> beta_j </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="dj_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> j </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_j </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> j </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_j </ci>
<ci> j </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_calcium_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_CaL"/>
<variable units="cm3_per_microF_second" name="g_CaL" initial_value="1.75E-4"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="micromolar" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Cai"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cao"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kelvin_mole" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" private_interface="in" name="d"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="fCa"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_CaL_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_CaL </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_CaL </ci>
<ci> d </ci>
<ci> f </ci>
<ci> fCa </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> F </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Cai </ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.341 </cn>
<ci> Cao </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_calcium_current_d_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="d"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_d"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_d"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_d"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma_d"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="d_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="d_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> d_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -5.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.5 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_d_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_d </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 1.4 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -35.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.5 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.25 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_d_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_d </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 1.4 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="gamma_d_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> gamma_d </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 1.4 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 50.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 20.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_d_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_d </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_d </ci>
<ci> beta_d </ci>
</apply>
<ci> gamma_d </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="dd_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> d </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_d </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> d </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_d </ci>
<ci> d </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_calcium_current_f_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_f"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="f_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> f_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 20.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_f_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_f </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 1125.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 27.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 240.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 165.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 25.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 80.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="df_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> f </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> f_infinity </ci>
<ci> f </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_f </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_calcium_current_fCa_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="fCa"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_fCa"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_fCa"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_fCa" initial_value="2.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma_fCa"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="fCa_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="micromolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="fCa_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> fCa_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> alpha_fCa </ci>
<ci> beta_fCa </ci>
<ci> gamma_fCa </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.23 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.46 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_fCa_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_fCa </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Cai </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 0.000325 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 8.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_fCa_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_fCa </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.1 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> Cai </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 0.005 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 0.0001 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="gamma_fCa_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> gamma_fCa </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.2 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> Cai </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 0.00075 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 0.0008 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="dfCa_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> fCa </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> fCa_infinity </ci>
<ci> fCa </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_fCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="L_type_calcium_current_fCa_gate_k_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> k </ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0 </cn>
<apply>
<and/>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci> fCa_infinity </ci>
<ci> fCa </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -60.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_to"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_to" initial_value="0.294"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E_to"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_to_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_to </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_to </ci>
<ci> r </ci>
<ci> s </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current_r_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="r_infinity"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_r"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="r_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> r </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> r_infinity </ci>
<ci> r </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_r </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="r_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> r_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 20.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 6.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_r </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 9.5 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 40.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 1800.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 0.8 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current_s_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="s_infinity"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_s"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="s_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> s </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> s_infinity </ci>
<ci> s </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_s </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="s_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> s_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 20.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_s_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_s </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 85.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 45.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 320.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 5.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 20.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_delayed_rectifier_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_Ks"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Ks" initial_value="0.245"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Ks"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="Xs"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Ks_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Ks </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Ks </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Xs </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_Ks </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_delayed_rectifier_current_Xs_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Xs"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_Xs"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_Xs"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Xs_infinity"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_Xs"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="Xs_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Xs </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_Xs </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> Xs </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_Xs </ci>
<ci> Xs </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Xs_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> Xs_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -5.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 14.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_Xs_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_Xs </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 1100 </cn>
<apply>
<root/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -10.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 6.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_Xs_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_Xs </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 60.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 20.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_Xs_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_Xs </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_Xs </ci>
<ci> beta_Xs </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="rapid_delayed_rectifier_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_Kr"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Kr" initial_value="0.096"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="Xr1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="Xr2"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Kr_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Kr </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Kr </ci>
<apply>
<root/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ko </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 5.4 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> Xr1 </ci>
<ci> Xr2 </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="rapid_delayed_rectifier_current_Xr1_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Xr1"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_Xr1"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_Xr1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Xr1_infinity"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_Xr1"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="Xr1_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Xr1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_Xr1 </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> Xr1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_Xr1 </ci>
<ci> Xr1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Xr1_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> Xr1_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -26.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_Xr1_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_Xr1 </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 450 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -45.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_Xr1_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_Xr1 </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 6.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 30.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 11.5 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_Xr1_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_Xr1 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_Xr1 </ci>
<ci> beta_Xr1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="rapid_delayed_rectifier_current_Xr2_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Xr2"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_Xr2"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_Xr2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Xr2_infinity"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_Xr2"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="Xr2_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Xr2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_Xr2 </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> Xr2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_Xr2 </ci>
<ci> Xr2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Xr2_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> Xr2_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 88.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 24.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_Xr2_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_Xr2 </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 3.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -60.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 20.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_Xr2_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_Xr2 </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 1.12 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 60.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 20.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_Xr2_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_Xr2 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_Xr2 </ci>
<ci> beta_Xr2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="inward_rectifier_potassium_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_K1" initial_value="5.405"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="K1_infinity"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_K1_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_K1 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_K1 </ci>
<apply>
<root/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ko </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 5.4 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> K1_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="inward_rectifier_potassium_current_K1_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="K1_infinity"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_K1"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_K1"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="K1_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> K1_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> alpha_K1 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> alpha_K1 </ci>
<ci> beta_K1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_K1_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_K1 </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.1 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.06 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> E_K </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 200.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_K1_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_K1 </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0002 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 100.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.1 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> E_K </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.5 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Na_Ca_exchanger_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" name="K_NaCa" initial_value="1000.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mNai" initial_value="87.5"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCa" initial_value="1.38"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="K_sat" initial_value="0.1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma" initial_value="0.35"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="alpha" initial_value="2.5"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kelvin_mole" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nai"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nao"/>
<variable units="micromolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cao"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="Na_Ca_exchanger">
<eq/>
<ci> i_NaCa </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_NaCa </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> gamma </ci>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Nai </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> Cao </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> gamma </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Nao </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> Cai </ci>
<ci> alpha </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> K_mNai </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Nao </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> K_mCa </ci>
<ci> Cao </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_sat </ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> gamma </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_potassium_pump_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" name="P_NaK" initial_value="1.362"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mNa" initial_value="40.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mK" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kelvin_mole" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nai"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_NaK_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_NaK </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> P_NaK </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ko </ci>
<ci> Nai </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> Ko </ci>
<ci> K_mK </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> Nai </ci>
<ci> K_mNa </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.1245 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.1 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0365 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_pump_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_pCa"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_pCa" initial_value="0.025"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_pCa" initial_value="0.0005"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_pCa_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_pCa </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_pCa </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Cai </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> K_pCa </ci>
<ci> Cai </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="potassium_pump_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_pK"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_pK" initial_value="0.0146"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_pK_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_pK </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_pK </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 25.0 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 5.98 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_background_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_bNa"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_bNa" initial_value="0.00029"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_bNa_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_bNa </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_bNa </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_Na </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_background_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_bCa"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_bCa" initial_value="0.000592"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Ca"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_bCa_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_bCa </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_bCa </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_Ca </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_dynamics">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Cai"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="CaSR"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" name="i_rel"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" name="i_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" name="i_leak"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="g"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_g" initial_value="2.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="g_infinity"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" name="a_rel" initial_value="16.464"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="b_rel" initial_value="0.25"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" name="c_rel" initial_value="8.232"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_up" initial_value="0.00025"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="V_leak" initial_value="0.00008"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" name="Vmax_up" initial_value="0.000425"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Cai_bufc"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Casr_bufsr"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Bufc" initial_value="0.15"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Kbufc" initial_value="0.001"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Bufsr" iinitial_value="10.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Kbufsr" initial_value="0.3"/>
<variable units="micrometre3" name="Vsr" initial_value="1094.0"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="micrometre3" public_interface="in" name="Vc"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="d"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_CaL"/> <variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_pCa"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_bCa"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_rel_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_rel </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> a_rel </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> CaSR </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> b_rel </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> CaSR </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> c_rel </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> d </ci>
<ci> g </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="i_up_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_up </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Vmax_up </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> K_up </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Cai </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="i_leak_calcualtion">
<eq/>
<ci> i_leak </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_leak </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> CaSR </ci>
<ci> Cai </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="g_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> g_infinity </ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Cai </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 6.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 0.00035 </cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 6.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<leq/>
<ci> Cai </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 0.00035 </cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Cai </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 16.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 0.00035 </cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 16.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply id="dg_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> g </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> g_infinity </ci>
<ci> g </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_g </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="calcium_dynamic_k_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> k </ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0 </cn>
<apply>
<and/>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci> g_infinity </ci>
<ci> g </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -60.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply id="Cai_bufc_calcualtion">
<eq/>
<ci> Cai_bufc </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Cai </ci>
<ci> Bufc </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> Cai </ci>
<ci> Kbufc </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Casr_bufsr_calcualtion">
<eq/>
<ci> Casr_bufsr </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> CaSR </ci>
<ci> Bufsr </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> CaSR </ci>
<ci> Kbufsr </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="dCai_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Cai </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_leak </ci>
<ci> i_rel </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_CaL </ci>
<ci> i_bCa </ci>
<ci> i_pCa </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> i_NaCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> Vc </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> i_up </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="dCaSR_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> CaSR </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Vc </ci>
<ci> Vsr </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> i_up </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_rel </ci>
<ci> i_leak </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_dynamics">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Nai"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="micrometre3" public_interface="in" name="Vc"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/> <variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_bNa"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="sodium_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Nai </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_Na </ci>
<ci> i_bNa </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
<ci> i_NaK </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
<ci> i_NaCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Vc </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="potassium_dynamics">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ki"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" name="i_ax"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="micrometre3" public_interface="in" name="Vc"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/> <variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_to"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Kr"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ks"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_pK"/> <variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_stim"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="potassium_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Ki </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_K1 </ci>
<ci> i_to </ci>
<ci> i_Kr </ci>
<ci> i_Ks </ci>
<ci> i_pK </ci>
<ci> i_stim </ci>
<ci> i_pK </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> i_NaK </ci>
</apply>
<ci> i_ax </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Vc </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="model_parameters">
<variable units="micrometre3" public_interface="out" name="Vc" initial_value="16404.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ko" initial_value="5.4"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Nao" initial_value="140.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Cao" initial_value="2.0"/>
<variable units="joule_per_kelvin_mole" public_interface="out" name="R" initial_value="8.3143"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="out" name="T" initial_value="310.0"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="out" name="F" initial_value="96.4867"/>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="membrane">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_calcium_current">
<component_ref component="L_type_calcium_current_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_calcium_current_f_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_calcium_current_fCa_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_r_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_s_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_current">
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_current_Xs_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_current_Xr1_gate"/>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_current_Xr2_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="inward_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="inward_rectifier_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="Na_Ca_exchanger_current"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump_current"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_pump_current"/>
<component_ref component="potassium_pump_current"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_dynamics"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_dynamics"/>
<component_ref component="potassium_dynamics"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_calcium_current">
<component_ref component="L_type_calcium_current_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_calcium_current_f_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_calcium_current_fCa_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_r_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_s_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_current">
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_current_Xs_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_current_Xr1_gate"/>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_current_Xr2_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="inward_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="inward_rectifier_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="L_type_calcium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="transient_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="reversal_potentials"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="calcium_dynamics"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_dynamics"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="potassium_dynamics"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_calcium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_CaL" variable_1="i_CaL"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_to" variable_1="i_to"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ks" variable_1="i_Ks"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Kr" variable_1="i_Kr"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="inward_rectifier_potassium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Na_Ca_exchanger_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_potassium_pump_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="potassium_pump_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_pK" variable_1="i_pK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_background_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_bNa" variable_1="i_bNa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="calcium_background_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_bCa" variable_1="i_bCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="calcium_pump_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_pCa" variable_1="i_pCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="calcium_dynamics" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="potassium_dynamics" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_stim" variable_1="i_stim"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current" component_1="reversal_potentials"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_current" component_1="reversal_potentials"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_current" component_1="reversal_potentials"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_Ks" variable_1="E_Ks"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_current" component_1="reversal_potentials"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="inward_rectifier_potassium_current" component_1="reversal_potentials"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="potassium_pump_current" component_1="reversal_potentials"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_background_current" component_1="reversal_potentials"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="calcium_background_current" component_1="reversal_potentials"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_Ca" variable_1="E_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_dynamics" component_1="reversal_potentials"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nai" variable_1="Nai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="calcium_dynamics" component_1="reversal_potentials"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="potassium_dynamics" component_1="reversal_potentials"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ki" variable_1="Ki"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="reversal_potentials" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nao" variable_1="Nao"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cao" variable_1="Cao"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ko" variable_1="Ko"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_calcium_current" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cao" variable_1="Cao"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Na_Ca_exchanger_current" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nao" variable_1="Nao"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cao" variable_1="Cao"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_potassium_pump_current" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ko" variable_1="Ko"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="calcium_dynamics" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Vc" variable_1="Vc"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_dynamics" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Vc" variable_1="Vc"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="potassium_dynamics" component_1="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Vc" variable_1="Vc"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_m_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="m" variable_1="m"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_h_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="h" variable_1="h"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_j_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="j" variable_1="j"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_dynamics" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
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A model for human ventricular tissue
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