<?xml version="1.0"?>
<model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" cmeta:id="volume_receptors_CellML1_0_model" name="volume_receptors_CellML1_0_model">
<!-- ======================================== DOCUMENTATION ============================================= -->
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Guyton Model: volume_receptors</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This CellML model has been validated. Due to the differences between procedural code (in this case C-code) and declarative
languages (CellML), some aspects of the original model were not able to be encapsulated by the CellML model (such as the
damping of variables). This may effect the transient behaviour of the model, however the steady-state behaviour would remain
the same. The equations in this file and the steady-state output from the model conform to the results from the MODSIM program.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
Arthur Guyton (1919-2003) was an American physiologist who became famous for his 1950s experiments in which he studied the physiology
of cardiac output and its relationship with the peripheral circulation. The results of these experiments challenged the conventional
wisdom that it was the heart itself that controlled cardiac output. Instead Guyton demonstrated that it was the need of the body tissues
for oxygen which was the real regulator of cardiac output. The "Guyton Curves" describe the relationship between right atrial pressures
and cardiac output, and they form a foundation for understanding the physiology of circulation.
</para>
<para>
The Guyton model of fluid, electrolyte, and circulatory regulation is an extensive mathematical model of human circulatory physiology,
capable of simulating a variety of experimental conditions, and contains a number of linked subsystems relating to circulation and its
neuroendocrine control.
</para>
<para>
This is a CellML translation of the Guyton model of the regulation of the circulatory system. The complete model consists of separate
modules each of which characterise a separate physiological subsystems. The Circulation Dynamics is the primary system, to which other
modules/blocks are connected. The other modules characterise the dynamics of the kidney, electrolytes and cell water, thirst and drinking,
hormone regulation, autonomic regulation, cardiovascular system etc, and these feedback on the central circulation model. The CellML code
in these modules is based on the C code from the programme C-MODSIM created by Dr Jean-Pierre Montani.
</para>
<para>
This particular CellML model describes the volume receptor nervous feedback mechanism. The volume receptors are considered to be activated
by right atrial pressure (PRA), and feedback is provided to control non-muscle arterial resistance and venous tone.
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="full_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>model diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="full_model.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A systems analysis diagram for the full Guyton model describing circulation regulation.</caption>
</informalfigure>
<informalfigure float="0" id="volume_receptors_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>model diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="volume.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A schematic diagram of the components and processes described in the current CellML model.</caption>
</informalfigure>
<para>
There are several publications referring to the Guyton model. One of these papers is cited below:
</para>
<para>
Circulation: Overall Regulation, A.C. Guyton, T.G. Coleman, and H.J. Granger, 1972,
<emphasis>Annual Review of Physiology</emphasis>
, 34, 13-44. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=4334846&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum">PubMed ID: 4334846</ulink>
</para>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<!-- ======================================================= CITATION AND KEYWORD METADATA ================================================== -->
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#volume_receptors_CellML1_0_model">
<bqs:reference xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" rdf:parseType="Resource">
<bqs:JournalArticle rdf:parseType="Resource">
<dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
<rdf:Seq>
<rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:parseType="Resource">
<vCard:Family>Guyton</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Given/>
<vCard:Other/>
</vCard:N>
</rdf:li>
<rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" rdf:parseType="Resource">
<vCard:Family>Volume Receptors</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Given/>
<vCard:Other/>
</vCard:N>
</rdf:li>
</rdf:Seq>
</dc:creator>
<dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">Description of Guyton volume receptors module</dc:title>
<bqs:volume/>
<bqs:first_page/>
<bqs:last_page/>
<bqs:Journal rdf:parseType="Resource">
<dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"/>
</bqs:Journal>
<dcterms:issued xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" rdf:parseType="Resource">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2008-00-00 00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</dcterms:issued>
</bqs:JournalArticle>
</bqs:reference>
<bqs:reference xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" rdf:parseType="Resource">
<dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" rdf:parseType="Resource">
<bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type>
<rdf:value>
<rdf:Bag>
<rdf:li>physiology</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>organ systems</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>cardiovascular circulation</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>volume receptors</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>Guyton</rdf:li>
</rdf:Bag>
</rdf:value>
</dc:subject>
</bqs:reference>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<!-- ======================================================= UNITS ================================================== -->
<units name="minute">
<unit multiplier="60" units="second"/>
</units>
<units name="per_minute">
<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
</units>
<units name="minute_per_L">
<unit units="minute"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="litre"/>
</units>
<units name="mmHg">
<unit multiplier="133.322" units="newton"/>
<unit exponent="-2" units="metre"/>
</units>
<units name="per_mmHg">
<unit exponent="-1" units="mmHg"/>
</units>
<units name="mmHg_per_mL">
<unit units="mmHg"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="mL"/>
</units>
<units name="mmHg_L">
<unit units="mmHg"/>
<unit units="litre"/>
</units>
<units name="per_mmHg2">
<unit exponent="-2" units="mmHg"/>
</units>
<units name="mmHg3">
<unit exponent="3" units="mmHg"/>
</units>
<units name="monovalent_mEq">
<unit prefix="milli" units="mole"/>
</units>
<units name="monovalent_mEq_per_minute">
<unit prefix="milli" units="mole"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
</units>
<units name="monovalent_mEq_per_litre">
<unit prefix="milli" units="mole"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="litre"/>
</units>
<units name="mOsm">
<unit prefix="milli" units="mole"/>
</units>
<units name="mOsm_per_litre">
<unit prefix="milli" units="mole"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="litre"/>
</units>
<units name="mOsm_per_minute">
<unit prefix="milli" units="mole"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
</units>
<units name="monovalent_mEq_per_litre_per_minute">
<unit prefix="milli" units="mole"/>
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<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
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<units name="litre2_per_monovalent_mEq_per_minute">
<unit exponent="2" units="litre"/>
<unit exponent="-1" prefix="milli" units="mole"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
</units>
<units name="L_per_minute">
<unit units="litre"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
</units>
<units name="per_mmHg_per_minute">
<unit exponent="-1" units="mmHg"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
</units>
<units name="mL">
<unit prefix="milli" units="litre"/>
</units>
<units name="gram_per_L">
<unit units="gram"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="litre"/>
</units>
<units name="L_mmHg_per_gram">
<unit units="litre"/>
<unit units="mmHg"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="gram"/>
</units>
<units name="L2_mmHg_per_gram2">
<unit exponent="2" units="litre"/>
<unit units="mmHg"/>
<unit exponent="-2" units="gram"/>
</units>
<units name="mmHg_minute_per_L">
<unit units="minute"/>
<unit units="mmHg"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="litre"/>
</units>
<units name="mmHg_L_per_minute">
<unit units="litre"/>
<unit units="mmHg"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
</units>
<units name="gram_per_minute">
<unit units="gram"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
</units>
<units name="mL_per_L">
<unit prefix="milli" units="litre"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="litre"/>
</units>
<units name="mL_per_L_per_mmHg">
<unit prefix="milli" units="litre"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="litre"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="mmHg"/>
</units>
<units name="mL_per_L_per_minute">
<unit prefix="milli" units="litre"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="litre"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
</units>
<units name="mL_per_minute_per_mmHg">
<unit prefix="milli" units="litre"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="mmHg"/>
</units>
<units name="L_mL_per_minute_per_mmHg">
<unit units="litre"/>
<unit prefix="milli" units="litre"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="mmHg"/>
</units>
<units name="L_per_mL">
<unit exponent="-1" prefix="milli" units="litre"/>
<unit units="litre"/>
</units>
<units name="L_per_mmHg">
<unit exponent="-1" units="mmHg"/>
<unit units="litre"/>
</units>
<units name="mL_per_minute">
<unit units="mL"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
</units>
<units name="L_per_minute_per_mmHg">
<unit units="litre"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="mmHg"/>
</units>
<units name="L_per_minute_per_mmHg2">
<unit units="litre"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
<unit exponent="-2" units="mmHg"/>
</units>
<!-- ============================================================================================================ -->
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#volume_receptors_CellML1_0_model">
<rdf:value>
The volume receptor nervous feedback mechanism:
The volume receptors are considered to be activated by right atrial pressure (PRA),
and feedback is provided to control non-muscle arterial resistance and venous tone.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<!-- ======================================== ENVIRONMENT COMPONENT ============================================= -->
<component name="environment">
<variable cmeta:id="environment_time" name="time" private_interface="none" public_interface="out" units="minute"/>
</component>
<!-- ======================================== VOLUME RECEPTORS TOP-LEVEL COMPONENT ============================================= -->
<component cmeta:id="volume_receptors" name="volume_receptors">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#volume_receptors">
<rdf:value>
Encapsulation grouping component containing all the components in the Volume Receptors Model. The inputs and
outputs of the Volume Receptors Model must be passed by this component.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="minute"/>
<!-- Inputs from components in other models -->
<variable initial_value="0.00852183" name="PRA" private_interface="out" public_interface="none" units="mmHg"/>
</component>
<!-- INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="volume_receptors" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<!-- ======================================== EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON VOLUME RECEPTORS ============================================= -->
<component cmeta:id="effect_of_pressure_on_volume_receptors" name="effect_of_pressure_on_volume_receptors">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#effect_of_pressure_on_volume_receptors">
<rdf:value>
VR1 and VR2:
The function curve in Block VR1 and sensitivity control in VR2 (controlled by
variable AH9) provide a relationship between right atrial pressure (PRA) and an
intermediate factor (AHZ) that controls the degree of nervous feedback.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#VR1_and_VR2">
<rdf:value>
VR1 and VR2:
The function curve in Block VR1 and sensitivity control in VR2 (controlled by
variable AH9) provide a relationship between right atrial pressure (PRA) and an
intermediate factor (AHZ) that controls the degree of nervous feedback.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#VR1_cont">
<rdf:value>
VR1 and VR2:
The function curve in Block VR1 and sensitivity control in VR2 (controlled by
variable AH9) provide a relationship between right atrial pressure (PRA) and an
intermediate factor (AHZ) that controls the degree of nervous feedback.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<!-- Inputs from other components -->
<variable name="PRA" private_interface="none" public_interface="in" units="mmHg"/>
<!-- Outputs to other components -->
<variable name="AHZ" private_interface="none" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<!-- Parameters from parameter_file -->
<variable name="AH10" private_interface="none" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="AH9" private_interface="none" public_interface="in" units="per_mmHg"/>
<!-- Internal variables -->
<variable name="AHZ1" private_interface="none" public_interface="none" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="VR1_and_VR2">
<eq/>
<ci>AHZ1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>PRA</ci>
</apply>
<ci>AH10</ci>
</apply>
<ci>AH9</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="VR1_cont">
<eq/>
<ci>AHZ</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>AHZ1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>PRA</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mmHg">0</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<ci>AHZ1</ci>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="effect_of_pressure_on_volume_receptors" component_2="volume_receptors"/>
<map_variables variable_1="PRA" variable_2="PRA"/>
</connection>
<!-- PARAMETER CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="effect_of_pressure_on_volume_receptors" component_2="parameter_values"/>
<map_variables variable_1="AH9" variable_2="AH9"/>
<map_variables variable_1="AH10" variable_2="AH10"/>
</connection>
<!-- ======================================== TIME-DEPENDENT VOLUME RECEPTOR ADAPTATION ============================================= -->
<component cmeta:id="time_dependent_volume_receptor_adaptation" name="time_dependent_volume_receptor_adaptation">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#time_dependent_volume_receptor_adaptation">
<rdf:value>
VR3, VR4, and VR5:
Series of blocks to provide autoresetting of the volume receptors back
toward zero with time. The degree of reset is the variable (AHY), and
the time constant for resetting is the variable (AH11).
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#VR3_to_VR5">
<rdf:value>
VR3, VR4, and VR5:
Series of blocks to provide autoresetting of the volume receptors back
toward zero with time. The degree of reset is the variable (AHY), and
the time constant for resetting is the variable (AH11).
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<!-- Inputs from other components -->
<variable name="AHZ" private_interface="none" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="time" private_interface="none" public_interface="in" units="minute"/>
<!-- Outputs to other components -->
<variable initial_value="0.301963" name="AHY" private_interface="none" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<!-- Parameters from parameter_file -->
<variable name="AH11" private_interface="none" public_interface="in" units="minute"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="VR3_to_VR5">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>AHY</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>AHZ</ci>
<ci>AHY</ci>
</apply>
<ci>AH11</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_dependent_volume_receptor_adaptation" component_2="effect_of_pressure_on_volume_receptors"/>
<map_variables variable_1="AHZ" variable_2="AHZ"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_dependent_volume_receptor_adaptation" component_2="volume_receptors"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<!-- PARAMETER CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_dependent_volume_receptor_adaptation" component_2="parameter_values"/>
<map_variables variable_1="AH11" variable_2="AH11"/>
</connection>
<!-- ======================================== TOTAL VOLUME NERVOUS FEEDBACK ============================================= -->
<component cmeta:id="total_volume_nervous_feedback" name="total_volume_nervous_feedback">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#total_volume_nervous_feedback">
<rdf:value>
VR6:
The final degree of effect of the volume nervous feedback mechanism is
the output from block VR6 (AH7).
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#VR6">
<rdf:value>
VR6:
The final degree of effect of the volume nervous feedback mechanism is
the output from block VR6 (AH7).
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<!-- Inputs from other components -->
<variable name="AHZ" private_interface="none" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="AHY" private_interface="none" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<!-- Outputs to other components -->
<variable cmeta:id="total_volume_nervous_feedback_AH7" name="AH7" private_interface="none" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="VR6">
<eq/>
<ci>AH7</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>AHZ</ci>
<ci>AHY</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="total_volume_nervous_feedback" component_2="effect_of_pressure_on_volume_receptors"/>
<map_variables variable_1="AHZ" variable_2="AHZ"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="total_volume_nervous_feedback" component_2="time_dependent_volume_receptor_adaptation"/>
<map_variables variable_1="AHY" variable_2="AHY"/>
</connection>
<!-- ======================================== VOLUME EFFECT ON ARTERIES ============================================= -->
<component cmeta:id="volume_effect_on_arteries" name="volume_effect_on_arteries">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#volume_effect_on_arteries">
<rdf:value>
VR7 and VR8:
Sensitivity control for the volume receptor nervous feedback effect on the
non-muscle arterial resistance. The output multiplier effect for feedback
to the arteries is the variable (ATRRFB) and the sensitivity controller is
the variable (ATRFBM).
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#VR7_and_VR8">
<rdf:value>
VR7 and VR8:
Sensitivity control for the volume receptor nervous feedback effect on the
non-muscle arterial resistance. The output multiplier effect for feedback
to the arteries is the variable (ATRRFB) and the sensitivity controller is
the variable (ATRFBM).
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<!-- Inputs from other components -->
<variable name="AH7" private_interface="none" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<!-- Outputs to other components -->
<variable cmeta:id="volume_effect_on_arteries_ATRRFB" name="ATRRFB" private_interface="none" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<!-- Parameters from parameter_file -->
<variable name="ATRFBM" private_interface="none" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="VR7_and_VR8">
<eq/>
<ci>ATRRFB</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>AH7</ci>
<ci>ATRFBM</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="volume_effect_on_arteries" component_2="total_volume_nervous_feedback"/>
<map_variables variable_1="AH7" variable_2="AH7"/>
</connection>
<!-- PARAMETER CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="volume_effect_on_arteries" component_2="parameter_values"/>
<map_variables variable_1="ATRFBM" variable_2="ATRFBM"/>
</connection>
<!-- ======================================== VOLUME EFFECT ON UNSTRESSED VENOUS VOLUME ============================================= -->
<component cmeta:id="volume_effect_on_unstressed_venous_volume" name="volume_effect_on_unstressed_venous_volume">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#volume_effect_on_unstressed_venous_volume">
<rdf:value>
VR9:
Sensitivity control for volume receptor feedback to the venous system.
The output of Block 9 (ATRVFB) controls V0 of the venous tree. The sensitivity
controller is the variable (ATRVM).
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#VR9">
<rdf:value>
VR9:
Sensitivity control for volume receptor feedback to the venous system.
The output of Block 9 (ATRVFB) controls V0 of the venous tree. The sensitivity
controller is the variable (ATRVM).
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<!-- Inputs from other components -->
<variable name="AH7" private_interface="none" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<!-- Outputs to other components -->
<variable cmeta:id="volume_effect_on_unstressed_venous_volume_ATRVFB" name="ATRVFB" private_interface="none" public_interface="out" units="litre"/>
<!-- Parameters from parameter_file -->
<variable name="ATRVM" private_interface="none" public_interface="in" units="litre"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="VR9">
<eq/>
<ci>ATRVFB</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>AH7</ci>
<ci>ATRVM</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="volume_effect_on_unstressed_venous_volume" component_2="total_volume_nervous_feedback"/>
<map_variables variable_1="AH7" variable_2="AH7"/>
</connection>
<!-- PARAMETER CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="volume_effect_on_unstressed_venous_volume" component_2="parameter_values"/>
<map_variables variable_1="ATRVM" variable_2="ATRVM"/>
</connection>
<!-- ============================================================ PARAMETER VALUES =============================================================== -->
<component cmeta:id="parameter_values" name="parameter_values">
<variable initial_value="0.333" name="AH10" private_interface="none" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/> <!-- curve fitting exponent, right atrial pres. on vol receptors [P] -->
<variable initial_value="1000" name="AH11" private_interface="none" public_interface="out" units="minute"/> <!-- time constant, volume receptor adaptation [P] -->
<variable initial_value="1" name="AH9" private_interface="none" public_interface="out" units="per_mmHg"/> <!-- sensitivity control of AHZ [P] -->
<variable initial_value="0" name="ATRFBM" private_interface="none" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/> <!-- sensitivity controller of ATRRFB -->
<variable initial_value="0" name="ATRVM" private_interface="none" public_interface="out" units="litre"/> <!-- sensitivity controller of ATRVFB -->
</component>
<!-- ============================================================ GROUPING =============================================================== -->
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="volume_receptors">
<component_ref component="effect_of_pressure_on_volume_receptors"/>
<component_ref component="time_dependent_volume_receptor_adaptation"/>
<component_ref component="total_volume_nervous_feedback"/>
<component_ref component="volume_effect_on_arteries"/>
<component_ref component="volume_effect_on_unstressed_venous_volume"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="volume_receptors">
<component_ref component="parameter_values"/>
<component_ref component="effect_of_pressure_on_volume_receptors"/>
<component_ref component="time_dependent_volume_receptor_adaptation"/>
<component_ref component="total_volume_nervous_feedback"/>
<component_ref component="volume_effect_on_arteries"/>
<component_ref component="volume_effect_on_unstressed_venous_volume"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<!-- SIMULATION METADATA -->
<RDF:RDF xmlns:RDF="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<RDF:Description RDF:about="#volume_receptors_CellML1_0_model">
<NS1:simulation xmlns:NS1="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" RDF:resource="rdf:#$QQv43"/>
</RDF:Description>
<RDF:Description RDF:about="rdf:#$4SdBX3">
<RDF:first RDF:resource="rdf:#$5SdBX3"/>
<RDF:rest RDF:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
</RDF:Description>
<RDF:Description RDF:about="rdf:#$3SdBX3">
<NS1:boundIntervals xmlns:NS1="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" RDF:resource="rdf:#$4SdBX3"/>
</RDF:Description>
<RDF:Description xmlns:NS1="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" RDF:about="rdf:#$SQv43" NS1:endingValue="10000" NS1:nonstandard-pointDensity="100000"/>
<RDF:Description RDF:about="#volume_receptors_CellML1_0_model#LfY7zdZ%60EYs">
<NS1:simulation xmlns:NS1="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" RDF:resource="rdf:#$b2Cb93"/>
<NS1:simulation xmlns:NS1="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" RDF:resource="rdf:#$3SdBX3"/>
</RDF:Description>
<RDF:Description RDF:about="rdf:#$QQv43">
<NS1:boundIntervals xmlns:NS1="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" RDF:resource="rdf:#$RQv43"/>
</RDF:Description>
<RDF:Description RDF:about="rdf:#$RQv43">
<RDF:first RDF:resource="rdf:#$SQv43"/>
<RDF:rest RDF:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
</RDF:Description>
<RDF:Description RDF:about="rdf:#$b2Cb93">
<NS1:boundIntervals xmlns:NS1="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" RDF:resource="rdf:#$c2Cb93"/>
</RDF:Description>
<RDF:Description RDF:about="rdf:#$c2Cb93">
<RDF:first RDF:resource="rdf:#$d2Cb93"/>
<RDF:rest RDF:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
</RDF:Description>
</RDF:RDF>
</model>
