<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<model xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" name="bertram_2002" cmeta:id="bertram_2002" xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Role for G protein G-beta-gamma isoform specificity in synaptic signal processing: a computational study</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>This CellML model represents the post-synaptic cell. The model runs in both OpenCell and COR, but the membrane only depolarises to -5 mV once as oposed to repeatedly depolarising to ~40 mV. The lack of repeated spikes is due to there being no simulus input. The post-synaptic model has to be coupled to the pre-synaptic for this to occur. The units of the CellML model have been checked and there are no inconsistencies (just equivalences).
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>ABSTRACT: Computational modeling is used to investigate the functional impact of G protein-mediated presynaptic autoinhibition on synaptic filtering properties. It is demonstrated that this form of autoinhibition, which is relieved by depolarization, acts as a high-pass filter. This contrasts with vesicle depletion, which acts as a low-pass filter. Model parameters are adjusted to reproduce kinetic slowing data from different Gbetagamma dimeric isoforms, which produce different degrees of slowing. With these sets of parameter values, we demonstrate that the range of frequencies filtered out by the autoinhibition varies greatly depending on the Gbetagamma isoform activated by the autoreceptors. It is shown that G protein autoinhibition can enhance the spatial contrast between a spatially distributed high-frequency signal and surrounding low-frequency noise, providing an alternate mechanism to lateral inhibition. It is also shown that autoinhibition can increase the fidelity of coincidence detection by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio in the postsynaptic cell. The filter cut, the input frequency below which signals are filtered, depends on several biophysical parameters in addition to those related to Gbetagamma binding and unbinding. By varying one such parameter, the rate at which transmitter unbinds from autoreceptors, we show that the filter cut can be adjusted up or down for several of the Gbetagamma isoforms. This allows for great synapse-to-synapse variability in the distinction between signal and noise.
</para>
<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
Role for G Protein G-Beta-Gamma Isoform Specificity in Synaptic Signal Processing: A Computational Study, Richard Bertram, Michelle I. Arnot, and Gerald W. Zamponi, 2002,<emphasis>Journal of Neurophysiology</emphasis>
, 87, 2612-2623. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976397">PubMed ID: 11976397</ulink>
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_reaction_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>reaction diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="bertram_2002.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>Schematic diagram of the presynaptic model.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="s">
<unit units="second"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="ms">
<unit units="second" prefix="milli"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="uM">
<unit units="mole" prefix="micro"/>
<unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="uA">
<unit units="ampere" prefix="micro"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="pS">
<unit units="siemens" prefix="pico"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="mV">
<unit units="volt" prefix="milli"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="cm2">
<unit units="metre" prefix="centi" exponent="2"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="per_cm2">
<unit units="cm2" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="per_ms">
<unit units="ms" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="uM_per_ms">
<unit units="uM"/>
<unit units="ms" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="per_uM_per_ms">
<unit units="uM" exponent="-1"/>
<unit units="ms" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="per_mV_per_ms">
<unit units="mV" exponent="-1"/>
<unit units="ms" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="uM2_per_ms">
<unit units="uM" exponent="2"/>
<unit units="ms" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="mV_per_uM">
<unit units="mV"/>
<unit units="uM" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="uF_per_cm2">
<unit units="farad" prefix="micro"/>
<unit units="per_cm2"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="uA_per_cm2">
<unit units="uA"/>
<unit units="per_cm2"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="pS_per_cm2">
<unit units="pS"/>
<unit units="per_cm2"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="mS_per_cm2">
<unit units="siemens" prefix="milli"/>
<unit units="per_cm2"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="nanometre">
<unit units="metre" prefix="nano"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="uM2_nanometre">
<unit units="uM" exponent="2"/>
<unit units="nanometre"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="uM_per_cm2">
<unit units="uM"/>
<unit units="per_cm2"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin">
<unit units="joule" prefix="milli"/>
<unit units="mole" exponent="-1"/>
<unit units="kelvin" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="coulomb_per_mole">
<unit units="coulomb"/>
<unit units="mole" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="uM_per_coulomb">
<unit units="uM"/>
<unit units="coulomb" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="micrometre2_per_second">
<unit units="meter" prefix="micro" exponent="2"/>
<unit units="second" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="per_micrometre3">
<unit units="meter" prefix="micro" exponent="-3"/>
</units>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="environment">
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="out"/>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="parameters">
<variable name="R_gas_const" units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" initial_value="8314.41" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Temp" units="kelvin" initial_value="310" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" initial_value="96485" public_interface="out"/>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="transmitter_release">
<variable name="R" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0"/>
<variable name="kr_plus" units="per_uM_per_ms" initial_value="0.15"/>
<variable name="kr_minus" units="per_ms" initial_value="2.5"/>
<variable name="Ca" units="uM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="uM" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="T_bar" units="uM" initial_value="4000.0"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>R</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kr_plus</ci>
<ci>Ca</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>R</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kr_minus</ci>
<ci>R</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>T</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>T_bar</ci>
<ci>R</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="calcium_concentration">
<variable name="Ca" units="uM" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Ca_ex" units="uM" initial_value="2000.0"/>
<variable name="Ca_open" units="uM"/>
<variable name="Dc" units="micrometre2_per_second" initial_value="220"/>
<variable name="r" units="nanometre" initial_value="10"/>
<variable name="sigma" units="uM_per_ms"/>
<variable name="i_V" units="uA"/>
<variable name="g_Ca" units="pS" initial_value="1.2"/>
<variable name="P" units="mV_per_uM" initial_value="0.006"/>
<variable name="R_gas_const" units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Temp" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V_post" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="O" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Ca_open</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_micrometre3">2</cn>
<ci>Dc</ci>
<ci>r</ci>
<pi/>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="uM_per_coulomb">5.182</cn>
</apply>
<ci>i_V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_V</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Ca</ci>
<ci>P</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
<ci>V_post</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R_gas_const</ci>
<ci>Temp</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_ex</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
<ci>V_post</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R_gas_const</ci>
<ci>Temp</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Ca</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>O</ci>
<ci>Ca_open</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="uM">0.1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="rate_constants">
<variable name="alpha" units="per_ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_" units="per_ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="beta" units="per_ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="beta_" units="per_ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="kG_plus" units="per_ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="b" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="kb_plus" units="per_uM_per_ms" initial_value="2000.0"/>
<variable name="kb_minus" units="per_ms" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable name="V_post" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="kG_minus" units="per_ms" initial_value="0.00025" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="kG2_minus" units="per_ms" initial_value="0.016" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="kG3_minus" units="per_ms" initial_value="1.024" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="T" units="uM" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.45</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>V_post</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">22</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">8</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.015</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_post</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">14</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">8</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>b</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kb_plus</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>b</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kb_minus</ci>
<ci>b</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>kG_plus</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">3</cn>
<ci>b</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">680</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">320</cn>
<ci>b</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="C1">
<variable name="alpha" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="beta" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C1" units="dimensionless" initial_value="1" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="C2" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C_G1" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="kG_minus" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="kG_plus" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kG_minus</ci>
<ci>C_G1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>C1</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>alpha</ci>
</apply>
<ci>kG_plus</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="C2">
<variable name="alpha" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="beta" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C1" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C2" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="C3" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C_G2" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="kG_plus" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="kG2_minus" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>C3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kG2_minus</ci>
<ci>C_G2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>C2</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>beta</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>alpha</ci>
</apply>
<ci>kG_plus</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="C3">
<variable name="alpha" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="beta" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C2" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C3" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="C4" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C_G3" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="kG_plus" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="kG3_minus" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kG3_minus</ci>
<ci>C_G3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>C3</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>alpha</ci>
</apply>
<ci>kG_plus</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="C4">
<variable name="alpha" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="beta" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C3" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C4" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="O" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>C3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>O</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>C4</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
</apply>
<ci>alpha</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="O">
<variable name="C1" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C2" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C3" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C4" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="O" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="C_G1" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C_G2" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C_G3" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C_G" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>O</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>C1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>C3</ci>
</apply>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
<ci>C_G1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>C_G2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>C_G3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>C_G</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>C_G1</ci>
<ci>C_G2</ci>
<ci>C_G3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="C_G1">
<variable name="alpha_" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="beta_" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C1" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C_G1" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="C_G2" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="kG_plus" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="kG_minus" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C_G1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_</ci>
<ci>C_G2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kG_plus</ci>
<ci>C1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>C_G1</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>alpha_</ci>
</apply>
<ci>kG_minus</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="C_G2">
<variable name="alpha_" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="beta_" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C2" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C_G1" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C_G2" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="C_G3" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="kG_plus" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="kG2_minus" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C_G2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>alpha_</ci>
<ci>C_G1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>beta_</ci>
<ci>C_G3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kG_plus</ci>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>C_G2</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>beta_</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>alpha_</ci>
</apply>
<ci>kG2_minus</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="C_G3">
<variable name="alpha_" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="beta_" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C3" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C_G2" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="C_G3" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="kG_plus" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="kG3_minus" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C_G3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>alpha_</ci>
<ci>C_G2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kG_plus</ci>
<ci>C3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>C_G3</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>beta_</ci>
</apply>
<ci>kG3_minus</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="membrane_post">
<variable name="V_post" units="mV" initial_value="-65" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Cm" units="uF_per_cm2" initial_value="1.0" />
<variable name="i_syn" units="uA_per_cm2" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_Na_post" units="uA_per_cm2" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_K_post" units="uA_per_cm2" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="i_leak_post" units="uA_per_cm2" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>V_post</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Na_post</ci>
<ci>i_K_post</ci>
<ci>i_leak_post</ci>
<ci>i_syn</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Cm</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="synaptic_current">
<variable name="i_syn" units="uA_per_cm2" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_syn" units="mS_per_cm2" initial_value="0.2"/>
<variable name="V_post" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V_syn" units="mV" initial_value="0"/>
<variable name="b" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_syn</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_syn</ci>
<ci>b</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_post</ci>
<ci>V_syn</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="leak_current_post">
<variable name="i_leak_post" units="uA_per_cm2" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V_post" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_leak_post</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="pS_per_cm2">0.3</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V_post</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">54</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="sodium_current_post">
<variable name="i_Na_post" units="uA_per_cm2" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="x_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_x" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="beta_x" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V_post" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="n_post" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Na_post</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="pS_per_cm2">120</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>x_infinity</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>n_post</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_post</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">120</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>x_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>alpha_x</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_x</ci>
<ci>beta_x</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_x</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.2</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V_post</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V_post</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_x</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">8</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">1</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V_post</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">65</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">18</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="potassium_current_post">
<variable name="i_K_post" units="uA_per_cm2" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V_post" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="n_post" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K_post</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="pS_per_cm2">36</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>n_post</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V_post</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">77</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="potassium_current_n_gate_post">
<variable name="n_post" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_n" units="per_ms" />
<variable name="beta_n" units="per_ms" />
<variable name="V_post" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>n_post</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_n</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>n_post</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_n</ci>
<ci>n_post</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_n</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV_per_ms">0.02</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V_post</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">55</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V_post</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">55</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_n</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.25</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V_post</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">65</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">80</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="transmitter_release"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="rate_constants"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="C1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="C2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="C3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="C4"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="O"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="C_G1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="C_G2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="C_G3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="membrane_post"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="potassium_current_post"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="potassium_current_n_gate_post"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="leak_current_post"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="potassium_current_post" component_2="potassium_current_n_gate_post"/>
<map_variables variable_1="n_post" variable_2="n_post"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="sodium_current_post" component_2="potassium_current_n_gate_post"/>
<map_variables variable_1="n_post" variable_2="n_post"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="parameters" component_2="calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R_gas_const" variable_2="R_gas_const"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Temp" variable_2="Temp"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="membrane_post" component_2="calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_post" variable_2="V_post"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="membrane_post" component_2="rate_constants"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_post" variable_2="V_post"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="O" component_2="calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="O" variable_2="O"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="transmitter_release" component_2="calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca" variable_2="Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="transmitter_release" component_2="rate_constants"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="rate_constants" component_2="C1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="alpha" variable_2="alpha"/>
<map_variables variable_1="beta" variable_2="beta"/>
<map_variables variable_1="kG_plus" variable_2="kG_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_1="kG_minus" variable_2="kG_minus"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="C2" component_2="C1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C2" variable_2="C2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C1" variable_2="C1"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="C_G1" component_2="C1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C_G1" variable_2="C_G1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C1" variable_2="C1"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="rate_constants" component_2="C2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="alpha" variable_2="alpha"/>
<map_variables variable_1="beta" variable_2="beta"/>
<map_variables variable_1="kG_plus" variable_2="kG_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_1="kG2_minus" variable_2="kG2_minus"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="C3" component_2="C2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C3" variable_2="C3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C2" variable_2="C2"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="C_G2" component_2="C2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C_G2" variable_2="C_G2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C2" variable_2="C2"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="rate_constants" component_2="C3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="alpha" variable_2="alpha"/>
<map_variables variable_1="beta" variable_2="beta"/>
<map_variables variable_1="kG_plus" variable_2="kG_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_1="kG3_minus" variable_2="kG3_minus"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="C4" component_2="C3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C4" variable_2="C4"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C3" variable_2="C3"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="C_G3" component_2="C3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C_G3" variable_2="C_G3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C3" variable_2="C3"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="rate_constants" component_2="C4"/>
<map_variables variable_1="alpha" variable_2="alpha"/>
<map_variables variable_1="beta" variable_2="beta"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="O" component_2="C4"/>
<map_variables variable_1="O" variable_2="O"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C4" variable_2="C4"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="C1" component_2="O"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C1" variable_2="C1"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="C2" component_2="O"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C2" variable_2="C2"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="C3" component_2="O"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C3" variable_2="C3"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="C_G1" component_2="O"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C_G1" variable_2="C_G1"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="C_G2" component_2="O"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C_G2" variable_2="C_G2"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="C_G3" component_2="O"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C_G3" variable_2="C_G3"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="rate_constants" component_2="C_G1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="alpha_" variable_2="alpha_"/>
<map_variables variable_1="beta_" variable_2="beta_"/>
<map_variables variable_1="kG_plus" variable_2="kG_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_1="kG_minus" variable_2="kG_minus"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="C_G2" component_2="C_G1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C_G2" variable_2="C_G2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C_G1" variable_2="C_G1"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="rate_constants" component_2="C_G2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="alpha_" variable_2="alpha_"/>
<map_variables variable_1="beta_" variable_2="beta_"/>
<map_variables variable_1="kG_plus" variable_2="kG_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_1="kG2_minus" variable_2="kG2_minus"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="C_G3" component_2="C_G2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C_G3" variable_2="C_G3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="C_G2" variable_2="C_G2"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="rate_constants" component_2="C_G3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="alpha_" variable_2="alpha_"/>
<map_variables variable_1="beta_" variable_2="beta_"/>
<map_variables variable_1="kG_plus" variable_2="kG_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_1="kG3_minus" variable_2="kG3_minus"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="rate_constants" component_2="synaptic_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="b" variable_2="b"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="membrane_post" component_2="synaptic_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_syn" variable_2="i_syn"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_post" variable_2="V_post"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="membrane_post" component_2="sodium_current_post"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_post" variable_2="V_post"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Na_post" variable_2="i_Na_post"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="membrane_post" component_2="potassium_current_post"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K_post" variable_2="i_K_post"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_post" variable_2="V_post"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="membrane_post" component_2="potassium_current_n_gate_post"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_post" variable_2="V_post"/>
</connection>
<connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
<map_components component_1="membrane_post" component_2="leak_current_post"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_leak_post" variable_2="i_leak_post"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_post" variable_2="V_post"/>
</connection>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="">
<dc:creator rdf:parseType="Resource">
<vCard:N rdf:parseType="Resource">
<vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
</vCard:N>
<vCard:EMAIL rdf:parseType="Resource">
<rdf:value>c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/>
</vCard:EMAIL>
<vCard:ORG rdf:parseType="Resource">
<vCard:Orgname>The University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
<vCard:Orgunit>Auckland Bioengineering Institute</vCard:Orgunit>
</vCard:ORG>
</dc:creator>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#bertram_2002">
<cmeta:bio_entity>neuron</cmeta:bio_entity>
<bqs:reference rdf:parseType="Resource">
<dc:subject rdf:parseType="Resource">
<bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type>
<rdf:value>
<rdf:Bag>
<rdf:li>signal transduction</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>electrophysiology</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>G protein</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>synapse</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>neurotransmitter</rdf:li>
</rdf:Bag>
</rdf:value>
</dc:subject>
</bqs:reference>
<bqs:reference rdf:parseType="Resource">
<bqs:Pubmed_id>11976397</bqs:Pubmed_id>
<bqs:JournalArticle rdf:parseType="Resource">
<dc:creator>
<rdf:Seq>
<rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
<bqs:Person rdf:parseType="Resource">
<vCard:N rdf:parseType="Resource">
<vCard:Family>Bertram</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Given>R</vCard:Given>
</vCard:N>
</bqs:Person>
</rdf:li>
<rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
<bqs:Person rdf:parseType="Resource">
<vCard:N rdf:parseType="Resource">
<vCard:Family>Arnot</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Given>M</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Other>I</vCard:Other>
</vCard:N>
</bqs:Person>
</rdf:li>
<rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
<bqs:Person rdf:parseType="Resource">
<vCard:N rdf:parseType="Resource">
<vCard:Family>Zamponi</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Given>G</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Other>W</vCard:Other>
</vCard:N>
</bqs:Person>
</rdf:li>
</rdf:Seq>
</dc:creator>
<dc:title>
Role for G protein G-beta-gamma isoform specificity in synaptic signal processing: a computational study
</dc:title>
<dcterms:issued rdf:parseType="Resource">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2002-05</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</dcterms:issued>
<bqs:Journal rdf:parseType="Resource">
<dc:title>Journal of Neurophysiology</dc:title>
</bqs:Journal>
<bqs:volume>87</bqs:volume>
<bqs:first_page>2612</bqs:first_page>
<bqs:last_page>2623</bqs:last_page>
</bqs:JournalArticle>
</bqs:reference>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</model>
