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<!--
This CellML file was generated on 29/10/2007 at 15:10:29 using:
COR (0.9.31.801)
Copyright 2002-2007 Dr Alan Garny
http://COR.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - COR@physiol.ox.ac.uk
CellML 1.0 was used to generate this cellular model
http://www.CellML.org/
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" cmeta:id="courtemanche_1998" name="courtemanche_1998">
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<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Mathematical Model Of A Human Atrial Action Potential, 1998</title>
<author>
<firstname>Noble</firstname>
<surname>Penny</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Oxford University</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This model has been validated by Penny Noble of Oxford University and is known to run in COR and PCEnv.
</para>
<para>
ValidateCellML verifies this model as valid CellML, but detects unit inconsistencies.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
The ionic mechanisms underlying many important properties of the human atrial action potential are poorly understood. Using specific formulations of the K<superscript>+</superscript>, Na<superscript>+</superscript> and Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> currents based on experimental data recorded from human atrial myocytes, along with representations of pump, exchange and background currents, Marc Courtemanche, Rafael J. Ramirez and Stanley Nattel developed a mathematical model of the action potential (see the figure below).
</para>
<para>
This mathematical model builds mostly on the classical work of Luo and Rudy (see The Luo-Rudy Ventricular Model II (dynamic), 1994). Courtemanche <emphasis>et al</emphasis> effectively develop a working model of the human atrial action potential from the Luo-Rudy model which is based on guinea pig ventricular cells. Their primary goal was to develop a useful model of the action potential from which they could gain insights into experimental observations made on human atrial cells and tissues and make predictions regarding the behaviour of these cells under previously untested conditions
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
Ionic mechanisms underlying human atrial action potential properties: insights from a mathematical model, Marc Courtemanche, Rafael J. Ramirez and Stanley Nattel, 1998,
<emphasis>American Journal of Physiology</emphasis>
, 275, H301-H321. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9688927&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 9688927</ulink>
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>schematic diagram of a human atrial myocyte</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="courtemanche_1998.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A schematic representation of currents, pumps and exchangers included in the model. The cell includes three intracellular compartments: cytoplasm, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) release compartment [junctional SR (JSR)], and SR uptake compartment [network SR (NSR)].</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
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<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Cm</ci>
<ci>g_K1</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.07</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_K_current">
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_to"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" private_interface="out" name="K_Q10" initial_value="3"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_to" initial_value="0.1652"/>
<variable units="picoF" public_interface="in" name="Cm"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="oa"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="oi"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_to</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Cm</ci>
<ci>g_to</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>oa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>oi</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_K_current_oa_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="oa" initial_value="3.043e-2"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_oa"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_oa"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_oa"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="oa_infinity"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="K_Q10"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_oa</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.65</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">8.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">59</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_oa</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.65</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2.5</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">72</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">17</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_oa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_oa</ci>
<ci>beta_oa</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>K_Q10</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>oa_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.47</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">17.54</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>oa</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>oa_infinity</ci>
<ci>oa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_oa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_K_current_oi_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="oi" initial_value="9.992e-1"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_oi"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_oi"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_oi"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="oi_infinity"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="K_Q10"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_oi</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond">18.53</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">103.7</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.95</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_oi</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond">35.56</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">8.74</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7.44</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_oi</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_oi</ci>
<ci>beta_oi</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>K_Q10</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>oi_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">33.1</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>oi</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>oi_infinity</ci>
<ci>oi</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_oi</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Kur"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Kur"/>
<variable units="picoF" public_interface="in" name="Cm"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="K_Q10"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="ua"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="ui"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_Kur</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="nanoS_per_picoF">0.005</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="nanoS_per_picoF">0.05</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">15</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">13</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kur</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Cm</ci>
<ci>g_Kur</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>ua</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>ui</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ua_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="ua" initial_value="4.966e-3"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_ua"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_ua"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_ua"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="ua_infinity"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="K_Q10"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_ua</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.65</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">8.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">59</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_ua</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.65</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2.5</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">72</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">17</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_ua</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_ua</ci>
<ci>beta_ua</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>K_Q10</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ua_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">20.3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">9.6</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ua</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>ua_infinity</ci>
<ci>ua</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_ua</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ui_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="ui" initial_value="9.986e-1"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_ui"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_ui"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_ui"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="ui_infinity"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="K_Q10"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_ui</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond">21</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">195</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">28</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_ui</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">168</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">16</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_ui</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_ui</ci>
<ci>beta_ui</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>K_Q10</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ui_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">109.45</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">27.48</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ui</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>ui_infinity</ci>
<ci>ui</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_ui</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Kr"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Kr" initial_value="0.029411765"/>
<variable units="picoF" public_interface="in" name="Cm"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="xr"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kr</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Cm</ci>
<ci>g_Kr</ci>
<ci>xr</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">15</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">22.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xr_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="xr" initial_value="3.296e-5"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_xr"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_xr"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_xr"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="xr_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_xr</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.0015</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">14.1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt" type="e-notation">1<sep/>-10</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond">0.0003</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">14.1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">14.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_xr</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond" type="e-notation">3.7836118<sep/>-4</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">3.3328</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt" type="e-notation">1<sep/>-10</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond">0.000073898</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">3.3328</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">3.3328</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.1237</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_xr</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_xr</ci>
<ci>beta_xr</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xr_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">14.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xr</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xr_infinity</ci>
<ci>xr</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_xr</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" cmeta:id="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current_i_Ks" name="i_Ks"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Ks" initial_value="0.12941176"/>
<variable units="picoF" public_interface="in" name="Cm"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="xs"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Cm</ci>
<ci>g_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>xs</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xs_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="xs" initial_value="1.869e-2"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_xs"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_xs"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_xs"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="xs_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_xs</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.00068</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">19.9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt" type="e-notation">1<sep/>-10</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond">0.00004</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">19.9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">19.9</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">17</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_xs</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond">0.000315</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">19.9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt" type="e-notation">1<sep/>-10</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond">0.000035</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">19.9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">19.9</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_xs</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_xs</ci>
<ci>beta_xs</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xs_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">19.9</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">12.7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xs</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xs_infinity</ci>
<ci>xs</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_xs</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel">
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" cmeta:id="L_type_Ca_channel_i_Ca_L" name="i_Ca_L"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Ca_L" initial_value="0.12375"/>
<variable units="picoF" public_interface="in" name="Cm"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="d"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f_Ca"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Cm</ci>
<ci>g_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">65</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="d" initial_value="1.367e-4"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="d_infinity"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_d"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>d_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">8</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_d</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond">4.579</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.24</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt" type="e-notation">1<sep/>-10</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.24</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond">0.035</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.24</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>d_infinity</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f" initial_value="9.996e-1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_infinity"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_f"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">28</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">28</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_f</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond">9</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0197</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0337</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.02</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>f_infinity</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f_Ca" initial_value="7.755e-1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_Ca_infinity"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_f_Ca"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_Ca_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.00035</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_f_Ca</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>f_Ca_infinity</ci>
<ci>f_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_f_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_potassium_pump">
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" cmeta:id="sodium_potassium_pump_i_NaK" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Km_Na_i" initial_value="10"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Km_K_o" initial_value="1.5"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" name="i_NaK_max" initial_value="0.59933874"/>
<variable units="picoF" public_interface="in" name="Cm"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_NaK"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="sigma"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">7</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">67.3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1245</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0365</cn>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Cm</ci>
<ci>i_NaK_max</ci>
<ci>f_NaK</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Km_Na_i</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>K_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<ci>Km_K_o</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="background_currents">
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Na"/>
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Ca"/>
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_K"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_B_Na" initial_value="0.0006744375"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_B_Ca" initial_value="0.001131"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_B_K" initial_value="0"/>
<variable units="picoF" public_interface="in" name="Cm"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ca"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_B_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Cm</ci>
<ci>g_B_Na</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_B_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Cm</ci>
<ci>g_B_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_B_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Cm</ci>
<ci>g_B_K</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Na_Ca_exchanger_current">
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" cmeta:id="Na_Ca_exchanger_current_i_NaCa" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" name="I_NaCa_max" initial_value="1600"/>
<variable units="picoF" public_interface="in" name="Cm"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mNa" initial_value="87.5"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCa" initial_value="1.38"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="K_sat" initial_value="0.1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma" initial_value="0.35"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Cm</ci>
<ci>I_NaCa_max</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>K_mNa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCa</ci>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_sat</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current">
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="out" cmeta:id="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current_i_CaP" name="i_CaP"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" name="i_CaP_max" initial_value="0.275"/>
<variable units="picoF" public_interface="in" name="Cm"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_CaP</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Cm</ci>
<ci>i_CaP_max</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.0005</cn>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_release_current_from_JSR">
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="i_rel"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="out" name="Fn"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="K_rel" initial_value="30"/>
<variable units="micrometre_3" public_interface="in" name="V_rel"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_rel"/>
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L"/>
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="u"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="v"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="w"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Fn</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond_per_millimolar" type="e-notation">1<sep/>3</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_micrometre_3" type="e-notation">1<sep/>-15</cn>
<ci>V_rel</ci>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_micrometre_3" type="e-notation">1<sep/>-15</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5</cn>
<ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.2</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_rel</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>u</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>v</ci>
<ci>w</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_u_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="u" initial_value="2.35e-112"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_u"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="u_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="Fn"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_u</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond">8</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>u_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Fn</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless" type="e-notation">3.4175<sep/>-13</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless" type="e-notation">13.67<sep/>-16</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>u</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>u_infinity</ci>
<ci>u</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_u</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_v_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="v" initial_value="1"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_v"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="v_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="Fn"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_v</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond">1.91</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond">2.09</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Fn</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless" type="e-notation">3.4175<sep/>-13</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless" type="e-notation">13.67<sep/>-16</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>v_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Fn</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless" type="e-notation">6.835<sep/>-14</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless" type="e-notation">13.67<sep/>-16</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>v</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>v_infinity</ci>
<ci>v</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_v</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_w_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="w" initial_value="0.9992"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_w"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="w_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_w</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond">6</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.2</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7.9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt" type="e-notation">1<sep/>-10</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond">6</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7.9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.3</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7.9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">1</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7.9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>w_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">17</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>w</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>w_infinity</ci>
<ci>w</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_w</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transfer_current_from_NSR_to_JSR">
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="i_tr"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_tr" initial_value="180"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_rel"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_up"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_tr</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_tr</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_uptake_current_by_the_NSR">
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="I_up_max" initial_value="0.005"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="i_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_up" initial_value="0.00092"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_up</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>I_up_max</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_up</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_leak_current_by_the_NSR">
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="i_up_leak"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ca_up_max" initial_value="15"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="I_up_max"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_up_leak</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>I_up_max</ci>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_up_max</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_buffers">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="CMDN_max" initial_value="0.05"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="TRPN_max" initial_value="0.07"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="CSQN_max" initial_value="10"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Km_CMDN" initial_value="0.00238"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Km_TRPN" initial_value="0.0005"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Km_CSQN" initial_value="0.8"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ca_CMDN"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ca_TRPN"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ca_CSQN"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_rel"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Ca_CMDN</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CMDN_max</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>Km_CMDN</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Ca_TRPN</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>TRPN_max</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>Km_TRPN</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Ca_CSQN</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CSQN_max</ci>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
<ci>Km_CSQN</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_ion_concentrations">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_i" initial_value="1.117e+01"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_i" initial_value="1.013e-4"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_i" initial_value="1.39e+02"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_rel" initial_value="1.488"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_up" initial_value="1.488"/>
<variable units="micrometre_3" name="V_cell" initial_value="20100"/>
<variable units="micrometre_3" name="V_i"/>
<variable units="micrometre_3" public_interface="out" name="V_rel"/>
<variable units="micrometre_3" name="V_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" name="B1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="B2"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Na"/>
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_to"/>
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kur"/>
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Kr"/>
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ks"/>
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_CaP"/>
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L"/>
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Ca"/>
<variable units="picoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_K"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="i_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="i_up_leak"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="i_tr"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="i_rel"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Km_CMDN"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Km_CSQN"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Km_TRPN"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="CMDN_max"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="CSQN_max"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="TRPN_max"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_cell</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.68</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_rel</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0048</cn>
<ci>V_cell</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_up</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0552</cn>
<ci>V_cell</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_B_Na</ci>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<ci>i_to</ci>
<ci>i_Kur</ci>
<ci>i_Kr</ci>
<ci>i_Ks</ci>
<ci>i_B_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>B1</ci>
<ci>B2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>B1</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_CaP</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>i_B_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_up</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>i_up_leak</ci>
<ci>i_up</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
<ci>V_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>V_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>B2</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>TRPN_max</ci>
<ci>Km_TRPN</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>Km_TRPN</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CMDN_max</ci>
<ci>Km_CMDN</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>Km_CMDN</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>i_up</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_up_leak</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_tr</ci>
<ci>V_rel</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_up</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>i_tr</ci>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CSQN_max</ci>
<ci>Km_CSQN</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
<ci>Km_CSQN</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="standard_ionic_concentrations">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_o" initial_value="140"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_o" initial_value="1.8"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_o" initial_value="5.4"/>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="membrane">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current_oa_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current_oi_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ua_gate"/>
<component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ui_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xr_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xs_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="background_currents"/>
<component_ref component="Na_Ca_exchanger_current"/>
<component_ref component="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR">
<component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_u_gate"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_v_gate"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_w_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="transfer_current_from_NSR_to_JSR"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_uptake_current_by_the_NSR"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_leak_current_by_the_NSR"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_buffers"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<component_ref component="standard_ionic_concentrations"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current_oa_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current_oi_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ua_gate"/>
<component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ui_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xr_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xs_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR">
<component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_u_gate"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_v_gate"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_w_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_release_current_from_JSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="transfer_current_from_NSR_to_JSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_uptake_current_by_the_NSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_leak_current_by_the_NSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_buffers"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cm" variable_1="Cm"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="time_independent_potassium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cm" variable_1="Cm"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_to" variable_1="i_to"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cm" variable_1="Cm"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Kur" variable_1="i_Kur"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cm" variable_1="Cm"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Kr" variable_1="i_Kr"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cm" variable_1="Cm"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ks" variable_1="i_Ks"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cm" variable_1="Cm"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L" variable_1="i_Ca_L"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cm" variable_1="Cm"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_potassium_pump" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cm" variable_1="Cm"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B_Ca" variable_1="i_B_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B_Na" variable_1="i_B_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cm" variable_1="Cm"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Na_Ca_exchanger_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cm" variable_1="Cm"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_CaP" variable_1="i_CaP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cm" variable_1="Cm"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="Ca_release_current_from_JSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_K_current" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_K_current" component_1="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_Q10" variable_1="K_Q10"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Kur" variable_1="i_Kur"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Kr" variable_1="i_Kr"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ks" variable_1="i_Ks"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_K_current" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_to" variable_1="i_to"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L" variable_1="i_Ca_L"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_release_current_from_JSR" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L" variable_1="i_Ca_L"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="background_currents"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B_Ca" variable_1="i_B_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B_Na" variable_1="i_B_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B_K" variable_1="i_B_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="background_currents"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_o" variable_1="Ca_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_o" variable_1="Ca_o"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_release_current_from_JSR" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_CaP" variable_1="i_CaP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_release_current_from_JSR" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_rel" variable_1="i_rel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_rel" variable_1="Ca_rel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V_rel" variable_1="V_rel"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transfer_current_from_NSR_to_JSR" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_tr" variable_1="i_tr"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_up" variable_1="Ca_up"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_rel" variable_1="Ca_rel"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_uptake_current_by_the_NSR" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_up" variable_1="i_up"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_uptake_current_by_the_NSR" component_1="Ca_leak_current_by_the_NSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="I_up_max" variable_1="I_up_max"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Ca_leak_current_by_the_NSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_up_leak" variable_1="i_up_leak"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_up" variable_1="Ca_up"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Ca_buffers"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CMDN_max" variable_1="CMDN_max"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CSQN_max" variable_1="CSQN_max"/>
<map_variables variable_2="TRPN_max" variable_1="TRPN_max"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Km_CMDN" variable_1="Km_CMDN"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Km_CSQN" variable_1="Km_CSQN"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Km_TRPN" variable_1="Km_TRPN"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_rel" variable_1="Ca_rel"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_m_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="m" variable_1="m"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_h_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="h" variable_1="h"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_j_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="j" variable_1="j"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="d" variable_1="d"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="f" variable_1="f"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="f_Ca" variable_1="f_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_K_current_oa_gate" component_1="transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="oa" variable_1="oa"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_Q10" variable_1="K_Q10"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_K_current_oi_gate" component_1="transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="oi" variable_1="oi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_Q10" variable_1="K_Q10"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ua_gate" component_1="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ua" variable_1="ua"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_Q10" variable_1="K_Q10"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ui_gate" component_1="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ui" variable_1="ui"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_Q10" variable_1="K_Q10"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xr_gate" component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="xr" variable_1="xr"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xs_gate" component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
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<rdf:value>Corrected equations: alpha_j_calculation and beta_j_calculation in
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ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ui_gate, i_Ca_L_calculation in
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