<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!-- FILE : lambeth_model_2002.xml
CREATED : 2nd May 2003
LAST MODIFIED : 21st April 2005
AUTHOR : Catherine Lloyd
Bioengineering Institute
The University of Auckland
MODEL STATUS : This model conforms to the CellML 1.0 Specification released on
10th August 2001, and the 16/1/02 CellML Metadata 1.0 Specification.
DESCRIPTION : This file contains a CellML description of Lambeth and Kushmerick's 2002 model for glycogenesis in skeletal muscle.
CHANGES:
05/06/2003 - CML - Corrected the D_GAPDH_calculation in V_GAPDH.
21/04/2005 - PJV - Updated syntax to conform with CellML 1.1 specs.
Changed MathML id's to make them unique.
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" cmeta:id="lambeth_2002" name="lambeth_2002">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>A computational model for glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This CellML model runs in both OpenCell and COR. The units have been checked and they are consistent. However the model in its present state does not recreate the published results.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
ABSTRACT: A dynamic model of the glycogenolytic pathway to lactate in skeletal muscle was constructed with mammalian kinetic parameters obtained from the literature. Energetic buffers relevant to muscle were included. The model design features stoichiometric constraints, mass balance, and fully reversible thermodynamics as defined by the Haldane relation. We employed a novel method of validating the thermodynamics of the model by allowing the closed system to come to equilibrium; the combined mass action ratio of the pathway equaled the product of the individual enzymes' equilibrium constants. Adding features physiologically relevant to muscle-a fixed glycogen concentration, efflux of lactate, and coupling to an ATPase-allowed for a steady-state flux far from equilibrium. The main result of our analysis is that coupling of the glycogenolytic network to the ATPase transformed the entire complex into an ATPase driven system. This steady-state system was most sensitive to the external ATPase activity and not to internal pathway mechanisms. The control distribution among the internal pathway enzymes-although small compared to control by ATPase-depended on the flux level and fraction of glycogen phosphorylase a. This model of muscle glycogenolysis thus has unique features compared to models developed for other cell types.
</para>
<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
A Computational Model for Glycogenolysis in Skeletal Muscle, Melissa J. Lambeth and Martin J. Kushmerick, 2002,
<emphasis>Annals of Biomedical Engineering</emphasis>, 30, 808-827. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12220081">PubMed ID: 12220081</ulink>
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_reaction_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>reaction diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="lambeth_2002.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A schematic diagram of the reactions used in the model of the glycogenolysis pathway in skeletal muscle.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<!--
Below, we define some additional units for association with variables and
constants within the model.
-->
<units name="millimolar">
<unit units="mole" prefix="milli"/>
<unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar_1_75">
<unit units="millimolar" exponent="1.75"/>
</units>
<units name="minute">
<unit units="second" multiplier="60.0"/>
</units>
<units name="flux">
<unit units="millimolar"/>
<unit units="minute" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="first_order_rate_constant">
<unit units="minute" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<component name="environment">
<variable units="minute" public_interface="out" name="time"/>
</component>
<!--
The following components describe all the reactants and products involved in
reactions.
-->
<component cmeta:id="GLY" name="GLY">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#GLY">
<dc:title>GLY</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>glycogen</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="GLY" initial_value="112.0"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="flux_GP"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>GLY</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>flux_GP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="G1P" name="G1P">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#G1P">
<dc:title>G1P</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>glucose 1-phosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="G1P" initial_value="0.0589"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="flux_GP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGLM"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>G1P</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>flux_GP</ci>
<ci>V_PGLM</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="G6P" name="G6P">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#G6P">
<dc:title>G6P</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>glucose 6-phosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="G6P" initial_value="0.75"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGLM"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGI"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>G6P</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_PGLM</ci>
<ci>V_PGI</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="F6P" name="F6P">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#F6P">
<dc:title>F6P</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>fructose 6-phosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="F6P" initial_value="0.228"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGI"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PFK"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>F6P</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_PGI</ci>
<ci>V_PFK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="FBP" name="FBP">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#FBP">
<dc:title>FBP</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>fructose 1,6-bisphosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="FBP" initial_value="0.0723"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PFK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ALD"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>FBP</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_PFK</ci>
<ci>V_ALD</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="DHAP" name="DHAP">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#DHAP">
<dc:title>DHAP</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>1,3-dihydroxyacetone</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="DHAP" initial_value="0.0764"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ALD"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_TPI"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>DHAP</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V_ALD</ci>
<ci>V_TPI</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="GAP" name="GAP">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#GAP">
<dc:title>GAP</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="GAP" initial_value="0.0355"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ALD"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_TPI"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_GAPDH"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>GAP</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_ALD</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V_TPI</ci>
<ci>V_GAPDH</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="Thirteen_BPG" name="Thirteen_BPG">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Thirteen_BPG">
<dc:title>Thirteen_BPG</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Thirteen_BPG" initial_value="0.065"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_GAPDH"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGK"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Thirteen_BPG</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_GAPDH</ci>
<ci>V_PGK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="three_PG" name="three_PG">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#three_PG">
<dc:title>three_PG</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>glycerate 3-phosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="three_PG" initial_value="0.052"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGM"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>three_PG</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_PGK</ci>
<ci>V_PGM</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="two_PG" name="two_PG">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#two_PG">
<dc:title>two_PG</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>glycerate 2-phosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="two_PG" initial_value="0.005"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGM"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ENOL"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>two_PG</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_PGM</ci>
<ci>V_ENOL</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="PEP" name="PEP">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#PEP">
<dc:title>PEP</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>phosphoenolpyruvate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="PEP" initial_value="0.0194"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ENOL"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PK"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>PEP</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_ENOL</ci>
<ci>V_PK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="PYR" name="PYR">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#PYR">
<dc:title>PYR</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>pyruvate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="PYR" initial_value="0.0994"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_LDH"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>PYR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_PK</ci>
<ci>V_LDH</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="LAC" name="LAC">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#LAC">
<dc:title>LAC</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>lactate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="LAC" initial_value="1.3"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_LDH"/>
<variable units="flux" name="output"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>LAC</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_LDH</ci>
<ci>output</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>output</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="first_order_rate_constant"> 0.2 </cn>
<ci>LAC</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="Pi" name="Pi">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Pi">
<dc:title>Pi</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>inorganic phosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Pi" initial_value="4.1"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="flux_GP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_GAPDH"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ATPase"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Pi</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_ATPase</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>flux_GP</ci>
<ci>V_GAPDH</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="ADP" name="ADP">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#ADP">
<dc:title>ADP</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>adenosine diphosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="ADP" initial_value="0.013"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PFK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ADK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_CK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ATPase"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ADP</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V_PFK</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci>V_ADK</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_CK</ci>
<ci>V_ATPase</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V_PGK</ci>
<ci>V_PK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="ATP" name="ATP">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#ATP">
<dc:title>ATP</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>adenosine triphosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="ATP" initial_value="8.2"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PFK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ADK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_CK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ATPase"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ATP</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V_PGK</ci>
<ci>V_PK</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V_PFK</ci>
<ci>V_ADK</ci>
<ci>V_CK</ci>
<ci>V_ATPase</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="AMP" name="AMP">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#AMP">
<dc:title>AMP</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>adenosine monophoshate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="AMP" initial_value="0.99"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ADK"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>AMP</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_ADK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="PCr" name="PCr">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#PCr">
<dc:title>PCr</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>phosphocreatine</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="PCr" initial_value="34.67"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_CK"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>PCr</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_CK</ci>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="Cr" name="Cr">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Cr">
<dc:title>Cr</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>Creatine</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Cr" initial_value="35.0"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_CK"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Cr</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_CK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="NADH" name="NADH">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#NADH">
<dc:title>NADH</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="NADH" initial_value="0.001"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_GAPDH"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_LDH"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>NADH</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_GAPDH</ci>
<ci>V_LDH</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="NAD" name="NAD">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#NAD">
<dc:title>NAD</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>
charged nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="NAD" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_GAPDH"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_LDH"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>NAD</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_LDH</ci>
<ci>V_GAPDH</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!--
The following components describe the reactions of the model.
-->
<component name="flux_GP">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="flux_GP"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="frac_a" initial_value="0.4"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="frac_b" initial_value="0.6"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_GPa"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_GPb"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="flux_GP_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> flux_GP </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> frac_a </ci>
<ci> V_GPa </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> frac_b </ci>
<ci> V_GPb </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_GPa">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_GPa"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="GLY"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Pi"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="G1P"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_GLY_f" initial_value="2.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_GLY_b" initial_value="2.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_GLY_f" initial_value="1.7"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_GLY_b" initial_value="0.15"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_GP" initial_value="0.42"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_Pi" initial_value="4.7"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_Pi" initial_value="4.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_G1P" initial_value="10.1"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="20.0"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_GPa_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_GPa </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki_GLY_f </ci>
<ci> K_Pi </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki_GLY_b </ci>
<ci> Ki_G1P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> Ki_GLY_f </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Pi </ci>
<ci> Ki_Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> Ki_GLY_b </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> G1P </ci>
<ci> Ki_G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GLY_f </ci>
<ci> Ki_Pi </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GLY_b </ci>
<ci> Ki_G1P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_GPa_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_GLY_b </ci>
<ci> Ki_G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki_GLY_f </ci>
<ci> K_Pi </ci>
<ci> Keq_GP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_GPb">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_GPb"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="GLY"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Pi"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="G1P"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="AMP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_GLY_f" initial_value="15.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_GLY_b" initial_value="4.4"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_GLY_f" initial_value="1.7"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_GP" initial_value="0.42"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="nH" initial_value="1.75"/>
<variable units="millimolar_1_75" name="K_AMP" initial_value="1.9E-6"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_GLY_b" initial_value="0.15"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_Pi" initial_value="4.6"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_Pi" initial_value="0.2"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_G1P" initial_value="7.4"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_G1P" initial_value="1.5"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="30.0"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_GPb_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_GPb </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki_GLY_f </ci>
<ci> K_Pi </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki_GLY_b </ci>
<ci> Ki_G1P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> Ki_GLY_f </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Pi </ci>
<ci> Ki_Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> Ki_GLY_b </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> G1P </ci>
<ci> Ki_G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GLY_f </ci>
<ci> Ki_Pi </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GLY_b </ci>
<ci> Ki_G1P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> AMP </ci>
<ci> nH </ci>
</apply>
<ci> K_AMP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> AMP </ci>
<ci> nH </ci>
</apply>
<ci> K_AMP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_GPb_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> Ki_GLY_b </ci>
<ci> K_G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GLY_f </ci>
<ci> Ki_Pi </ci>
<ci> Keq_GP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_PGLM">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_PGLM"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="G6P"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="G1P"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_G1P" initial_value="0.063"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_G6P" initial_value="0.03"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_PGLM" initial_value="16.62"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="480.0"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_PGLM_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_PGLM </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> G1P </ci>
<ci> K_G1P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> G6P </ci>
<ci> K_G6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> G1P </ci>
<ci> K_G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> G6P </ci>
<ci> K_G6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_PGLM_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_G6P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_G1P </ci>
<ci> Keq_PGLM </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_PGI">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_PGI"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="F6P"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="G6P"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_G6P" initial_value="0.18"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_F6P" initial_value="0.119"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_PGI" initial_value="0.45"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r" initial_value="880.0"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_PGI_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_PGI </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> G6P </ci>
<ci> K_G6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> F6P </ci>
<ci> K_F6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> G6P </ci>
<ci> K_G6P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> F6P </ci>
<ci> K_F6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_PGI_V_max_f_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<ci> K_G6P </ci>
<ci> Keq_PGI </ci>
</apply>
<ci> K_F6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_PFK">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_PFK"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="F6P"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="FBP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="AMP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_FBP" initial_value="4.02"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_FBP_" initial_value="4.02"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_F6P" initial_value="0.18"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_ATP" initial_value="0.08"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_F6P_" initial_value="20.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_ATP_" initial_value="0.25"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_ADP" initial_value="2.7"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_ADP_" initial_value="2.7"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_ATP" initial_value="0.87"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ka_AMP" initial_value="0.06"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="56.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="alpha"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="L"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Lo" initial_value="13.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="delta"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="delta_"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="d" initial_value="0.01"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="var_e" initial_value="0.01"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_PFK_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_PFK </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> F6P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
<ci> K_F6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> FBP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
<ci> K_FBP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> delta </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha </ci>
<ci> L </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> delta_ </ci>
<ci> delta </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> L </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> delta_ </ci>
<ci> delta </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="delta_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> delta </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> F6P </ci>
<ci> K_F6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> FBP </ci>
<ci> K_FBP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="delta__calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> delta_ </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> F6P </ci>
<ci> K_F6P_ </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> K_ATP_ </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP_ </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> FBP </ci>
<ci> K_FBP_ </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP_ </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_F6P </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_F6P_ </ci>
<ci> K_ATP_ </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="L_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> L </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Lo </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> Ki_ATP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> d </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> Ki_ATP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> var_e </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> AMP </ci>
<ci> Ka_AMP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> AMP </ci>
<ci> Ka_AMP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_PFK_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
<ci> K_FBP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
<ci> K_F6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_ALD">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_ALD"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="FBP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="GAP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="DHAP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_GAP" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_FBP" initial_value="0.05"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_DHAP" initial_value="2.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Keq_ALD" initial_value="9.5E-5"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="104.0"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_ALD_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_ALD </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> FBP </ci>
<ci> K_FBP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> DHAP </ci>
<ci> GAP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_DHAP </ci>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> FBP </ci>
<ci> K_FBP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> DHAP </ci>
<ci> K_DHAP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> GAP </ci>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_ALD_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_DHAP </ci>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_FBP </ci>
<ci> Keq_ALD </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_TPI">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_TPI"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="GAP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="DHAP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_GAP" initial_value="0.32"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_DHAP" initial_value="0.61"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_TPI" initial_value="0.052"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="12000.0"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_TPI_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_TPI </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> GAP </ci>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> DHAP </ci>
<ci> K_DHAP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> DHAP </ci>
<ci> K_DHAP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> GAP </ci>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_TPI_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_DHAP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
<ci> Keq_TPI </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_GAPDH">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_GAPDH"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="GAP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="NADH"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="NAD"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Thirteen_BPG"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Pi"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="D_GAPDH"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_GAP" initial_value="0.0025"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_Pi" initial_value="0.29"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_NAD" initial_value="0.09"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_NADH" initial_value="0.0033"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_Thirteen_BPG" initial_value="0.0008"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_GAPDH" initial_value="0.089"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="1265.0"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_GAPDH_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_GAPDH </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GAP </ci>
<ci> NAD </ci>
<ci> Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
<ci> K_Pi </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> NADH </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> K_NADH </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> D_GAPDH </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="D_GAPDH_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> D_GAPDH </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> GAP </ci>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> NAD </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Pi </ci>
<ci> K_Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GAP </ci>
<ci> NAD </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GAP </ci>
<ci> NAD </ci>
<ci> Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
<ci> K_Pi </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> K_Thirteen_BPG </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> NADH </ci>
<ci> K_NADH </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> NADH </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> K_NADH </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_GAPDH_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
<ci> K_Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> K_NADH </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
<ci> K_Pi </ci>
<ci> Keq_GAPDH </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_PGK">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_PGK"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="three_PG"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Thirteen_BPG"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_three_PG" initial_value="1.2"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_ADP" initial_value="0.008"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_ATP" initial_value="0.35"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_Thirteen_BPG" initial_value="0.002"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_PGK" initial_value="57109.0"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r" initial_value="1120.0"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_PGK_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_PGK </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> ADP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> three_PG </ci>
<ci> ATP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_three_PG </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> K_Thirteen_BPG </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> ADP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> three_PG </ci>
<ci> K_three_PG </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> three_PG </ci>
<ci> ATP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_three_PG </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_PGK_V_max_f_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<ci> K_Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
<ci> Keq_PGK </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_three_PG </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_PGM">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_PGM"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="two_PG"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="three_PG"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_two_PG" initial_value="0.014"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_three_PG" initial_value="0.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_PGM" initial_value="0.18"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="1120.0"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_PGM_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_PGM </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> three_PG </ci>
<ci> K_three_PG </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> two_PG </ci>
<ci> K_two_PG </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> three_PG </ci>
<ci> K_three_PG </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> two_PG </ci>
<ci> K_two_PG </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_PGM_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_two_PG </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_three_PG </ci>
<ci> Keq_PGM </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_ENOL">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_ENOL"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="PEP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="two_PG"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_PEP" initial_value="0.37"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_two_PG" initial_value="0.1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_ENOL" initial_value="0.49"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="192.0"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_ENOL_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_ENOL </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> two_PG </ci>
<ci> K_two_PG </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> PEP </ci>
<ci> K_PEP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> two_PG </ci>
<ci> K_two_PG </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> PEP </ci>
<ci> K_PEP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_ENOL_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_PEP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_two_PG </ci>
<ci> Keq_ENOL </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_PK">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_PK"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="PYR"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="PEP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_PYR" initial_value="7.05"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_ADP" initial_value="0.3"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_ATP" initial_value="1.13"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_PEP" initial_value="0.08"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_PK" initial_value="10304.0"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="1440.0"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_PK_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_PK </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> PEP </ci>
<ci> ADP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_PEP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> PYR </ci>
<ci> ATP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_PYR </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> PEP </ci>
<ci> K_PEP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> PEP </ci>
<ci> ADP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_PEP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> PYR </ci>
<ci> K_PYR </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> PYR </ci>
<ci> ATP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_PYR </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_PK_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
<ci> K_PYR </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_PEP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
<ci> Keq_PK </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_LDH">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_LDH"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="LAC"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="NAD"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="NADH"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="PYR"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_LAC" initial_value="17.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_NADH" initial_value="0.002"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_NAD" initial_value="0.849"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_PYR" initial_value="0.335"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_LDH" initial_value="16198.0"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="1920.0"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_LDH_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_LDH </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> PYR </ci>
<ci> NADH </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_PYR </ci>
<ci> K_NADH </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> LAC </ci>
<ci> NAD </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_LAC </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> PYR </ci>
<ci> K_PYR </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> NADH </ci>
<ci> K_NADH </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> PYR </ci>
<ci> NADH </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_PYR </ci>
<ci> K_NADH </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> LAC </ci>
<ci> K_LAC </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> NAD </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> LAC </ci>
<ci> NAD </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_LAC </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_LDH_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_LAC </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_PYR </ci>
<ci> K_NADH </ci>
<ci> Keq_LDH </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_CK">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_CK"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="PCr"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cr"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_ADP" initial_value="0.135"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_Cr" initial_value="3.8"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_PCr" initial_value="1.11"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_PCr" initial_value="3.9"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_ATP" initial_value="3.5"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_CK" initial_value="233.0"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r" initial_value="500.0"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_CK_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_CK </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> Cr </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki_ATP </ci>
<ci> K_Cr </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> PCr </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki_ADP </ci>
<ci> K_PCr </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> Ki_ADP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> PCr </ci>
<ci> Ki_PCr </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> PCr </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki_ADP </ci>
<ci> K_PCr </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> Ki_ATP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> Cr </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki_ATP </ci>
<ci> K_Cr </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_CK_V_max_f_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<ci> Ki_ATP </ci>
<ci> K_Cr </ci>
<ci> Keq_CK </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki_ADP </ci>
<ci> K_PCr </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_ADK">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_ADK"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="AMP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_ADP" initial_value="0.35"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_AMP" initial_value="0.32"/>
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<rdf:li>skeletal muscle</rdf:li>
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Lambeth and Kushmerick's 2002 model for glycogenesis in skeletal muscle.
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<cmeta:bio_entity>Skeletal Muscle</cmeta:bio_entity>
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The University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute
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Updated syntax to conform with CellML 1.1 specs. Changed
MathML id's to make them unique.
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<vCard:FN>Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2003-05-02</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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Corrected the D_GAPDH_calculation in V_GAPDH.
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A computational model for glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle
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