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<article>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>This version has had a stimulus protocol component added to allow the model to simulate multiple action potentials, has been unit checked and curated and is known to run in COR and PCEnv.</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
In a series of papers published in 1952, A.L. Hodgkin and A.F. Huxley presented the results of a series of experiments in which they investigated the flow of electric current through the surface membrane of the giant nerve fibre of a squid. In the summary paper of the Hodgkin and Huxley model, the authors developed a mathematical description of the behaviour of the membrane based upon these experiments, which accounts for the conduction and excitation of the fibre. The form of this description has been used as the basis for almost all other ionic current models of excitable tissues, including Purkinje fibres and cardiac atrial and ventricular muscle.
</para>
<para>The summary paper is cited below:</para>
<para>
A Quantitative Description of Membrane Current and its Application to Conduction and Excitation in Nerve, A. L. Hodgkin and A. F. Huxley, 1952, <emphasis>The Journal of Physiology</emphasis>, 117, 500-544.
<ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=12991237&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum">PubMed ID: 12991237</ulink>
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_circuit_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>Electrical circuit describing the current across the cell membrane</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="hodgkin_1952.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A schematic cell diagram describing the current flows across the cell membrane that are captured in the Hodgkin Huxley model.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
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<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$Upnot2"><rdf:first><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$Vpnot2"/></rdf:first><rdf:rest><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/></rdf:rest></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#18be6072-0bb2-486b-bf47-d786a8ccb00a"><rdf:type><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/></rdf:type><rdf:value xml:lang="en">c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$Tpnot2"><boundIntervals xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$Upnot2"/></boundIntervals></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#384803b0-d02a-414d-86fe-2ead34d6ede9"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">Correcting the equation for dv/dt.</rdf:value><modified xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#70448d97-7f25-4048-8bd3-da91d466bfd1"/></modified><cmeta:modifier><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#85f445d5-2b20-4a8a-937a-44890e1ccf00"/></cmeta:modifier></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#70de1e12-eccf-4c2c-a514-a53a1018aeb3"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">Added stimulus protocol to allow simulation of trains of action potentials. 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Set a period of 200 ms (arbitrary) to allow visualisation of 3 action potentials together at a resonable zoom level.</rdf:value><modified xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5bc4f7d2-1306-4281-88b5-a5afe628bc66"/></modified><cmeta:modifier><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e897f342-e771-4ae3-876d-062dfdfccc88"/></cmeta:modifier></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#56197c17-2399-482e-9645-a522ed0beb31"><Family xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Lawson</Family><Given xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">James</Given><Other xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Richard</Other></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about=""><creator xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#110653f5-2489-488d-a6ed-8e8d5e1e49d0"/></creator><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve (Original Model + Stimulus)</title><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5f502734-46d5-4a70-bd04-3e0f1d128044"/></cmeta:comment><publisher xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">The University of Auckland, Bioengineering Institute</publisher><cmeta:modification><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#00da010f-7f66-47c5-89f7-a0d13ca1ddf4"/></cmeta:modification><cmeta:modification><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#384803b0-d02a-414d-86fe-2ead34d6ede9"/></cmeta:modification><cmeta:modification><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#70de1e12-eccf-4c2c-a514-a53a1018aeb3"/></cmeta:modification><cmeta:modification><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#11e3f403-75e7-4da6-9f6b-c5732c0cab1d"/></cmeta:modification><cmeta:modification><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8fd18725-5764-4794-8857-23e4f6ce4b18"/></cmeta:modification><cmeta:modification><rdf:Description 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rdf:about="rdf:#eee0af8e-5256-4021-9426-80fe492518bc"><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">Journal of Physiology</title></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d7dedc5f-038d-45c5-b191-69311c173c69"><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2db6628b-7f2e-4536-94e2-cbba185e47e3"/></N></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#eee88e88-b221-451f-84ca-e2517ca582d7"><FN xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">James Lawson</FN></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5aa345d1-498a-40fe-852c-be5a6c19cb10"><rdf:type><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Seq"/></rdf:type><rdf:_2><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3e67593e-eafa-479e-8369-1879d475ea1a"/></rdf:_2><rdf:_1><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#51a60dc9-2f70-4eb6-845a-1dafe7feb919"/></rdf:_1></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#0f72a1b1-ef97-4005-ad81-81353e3383ef"><Family xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Huxley</Family><Given xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">A</Given><Other xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">F</Other></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#66bca445-cdee-4030-81ee-ed5b822bf666"><creator xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6d8cd909-915e-4a88-96ee-33dcda056c46"/></creator><rdf:value xml:lang="en">This is the CellML description of Hodgkin and Huxley's inspirational work on a mathematical description of currents through the membrane of a nerve fibre (axon) in a giant squid, and their application to the modelling of excitation in the nerve. It is generally regarded as the first example of a mathematical model of biology.</rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3e67593e-eafa-479e-8369-1879d475ea1a"><rdf:type><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/></rdf:type><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#0f72a1b1-ef97-4005-ad81-81353e3383ef"/></N></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#70448d97-7f25-4048-8bd3-da91d466bfd1"><W3CDTF xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">2002-11-20</W3CDTF></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f9a8c5a9-bc9c-4b50-bdbe-e9e5956bc3bd"><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#bde7bd97-4909-4ba8-8a80-7457d90944ff"/></N></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#926f9f08-b397-491a-ac44-76e38b182232"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">Fixed the broken figure links.</rdf:value><modified xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#86821b4a-b64d-46a1-8aec-e3f4544cb540"/></modified><cmeta:modifier><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d7dedc5f-038d-45c5-b191-69311c173c69"/></cmeta:modifier></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#18a9b9a3-ea24-4c7d-9df0-4f3663e434bd"><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3b0e83c3-4898-4081-84fa-85c0d2807054"/></N></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#140c4615-dbeb-4856-aa9c-68f554470dfa"><W3CDTF xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">2007-06-20T16:01:50+12:00</W3CDTF></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5f502734-46d5-4a70-bd04-3e0f1d128044"><creator xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#eee88e88-b221-451f-84ca-e2517ca582d7"/></creator><rdf:value xml:lang="en">This version (07) has had a stimulus protocol component added (to version 06, by James Lawson, 15/06/07) to allow the model to simulate multiple action potentials. Version 05 was created by Penny Noble of Oxford University and is known to run in COR and PCEnv. The intial voltage membrane potential was changed from 0 mV to the correct value of -75 mV. 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xml:lang="en">Correcting the equation for dv/dt.</rdf:value><modified xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#bd2a51c8-81c1-4015-8a10-a0ff312038a5"/></modified><cmeta:modifier><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#372d59c8-494a-409d-95e7-350b2ad6c199"/></cmeta:modifier></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9ee1d23e-9cd8-45d8-8b8f-fcf480cf5c95"><W3CDTF xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">2002-07-19</W3CDTF></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#645f2f0c-9134-420b-9177-df0862a7a1fc"><Family xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Nickerson</Family><Given xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">David</Given></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e9e44e76-9801-4440-a074-6509ae83c1b7"><rdf:type><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Bag"/></rdf:type><rdf:_2 xml:lang="en">giant axon</rdf:_2><rdf:_3 xml:lang="en">electrophysiology</rdf:_3><rdf:_1 xml:lang="en">Neuron</rdf:_1></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6a5c1370-80c1-4b42-aead-44170b5e073e"><creator xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5aa345d1-498a-40fe-852c-be5a6c19cb10"/></creator><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conductance and excitation in nerve</title><last_page xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">544</last_page><volume xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">117</volume><issued xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#957446e8-2852-4457-a3f6-0e87906f21b9"/></issued><first_page xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">500</first_page><Journal xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#eee0af8e-5256-4021-9426-80fe492518bc"/></Journal></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$Vpnot2"><maximumStepSize 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