Rendering of the source text

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This CellML file was generated on 13/10/2009 at 10:09:08 at a.m. using:

COR (0.9.31.1319)
Copyright 2002-2009 Dr Alan Garny
http://cor.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - cor@physiol.ox.ac.uk

CellML 1.0 was used to generate this model
http://www.cellml.org/
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		<article>
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				<title>Updated Luo-Rudy Mammalian Ventricular Model II</title>
				<author>
					<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
					<surname>Lloyd</surname>
					<affiliation>
						<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
					</affiliation>
				</author>
			</articleinfo>
			<section id="sec_status">
				<title>Model Status</title>
				<para>
            This version was created by Penny Noble of Oxford University and is known to run in PCEnv and COR. 
This is the M-CELL VARIANT of the model.
          </para>
			</section>
			<sect1 id="sec_structure">
				<title>Model Structure</title>
				<para>ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence suggests that heterogeneity of ion channel expression and electrophysiological characteristics is an important property of the ventricular myocardium. The 2 components of the delayed rectifier potassium current, IKr (rapid) and IKs (slow), play a dominant role in the repolarization of the action potential and are important determinants of its duration. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this report, the effects of heterogeneities of IKr and IKs on action potential duration (APD) and its rate dependence (adaptation) are studied with the use of the LRd model of a mammalian ventricular cell. Results demonstrate the importance of IKs density variations in heterogeneity of repolarization. Cells with reduced IKs (eg, mid-myocardial M cells) display long APD and steep dependence of APD on rate. Mechanistically, accumulation of IKs activation and increased sodium calcium exchange current, INaCa, secondary to Na+ accumulation at a fast rate underlie the steep APD-rate relation of these cells. When cells are electrotonically coupled in a multicellular fiber through resistive gap junction, APD differences are reduced. The results demonstrate strong dependence of APD heterogeneity on the degree of intercellular coupling even in the normal physiological range. Highly reduced coupling maximizes APD heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: Heterogeneity of IKs:IKr density strongly influences APD and its rate dependence. However, in the intact myocardium, the degree of gap-junction coupling may be an important factor that determines the manifestation of APD heterogeneity and dispersion of repolarization. The clinical significance of this study is in the context of repolarization abnormalities and associated arrhythmias (eg, long QT syndrome and torsade de pointes).
</para>
				<para>
The complete paper reference is cited below:
</para>
				
				<para>
					Effects of IKr and IKs heterogeneity on action potential duration and its rate dependence: a simulation study, Prakash C. Viswanathan, BE; Robin M. Shaw, PhD; and Yoram Rudy, PhD, 1999,
						<emphasis>Circulation</emphasis>, 99, 2466-2474.  <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=10318671&amp;dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 10318671</ulink>
				</para>
				
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								<title>cell diagram of the shaw and viswanathan models showing ionic currents, pumps and exchangers within the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum</title>
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							<imagedata fileref="shaw_1997.png"/>
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					<caption>
A schematic diagram of the 1999 Viswanathan et al. model.</caption>
				</informalfigure>

				
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			<dc:title>Effects of IKr and IKs heterogeneity on action potential duration and its rate dependence: a simulation study</dc:title>
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                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>E0_m</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <geq/>
                     <apply>
                        <abs/>
                        <ci>E0_m</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>delta_m</ci>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <cn cellml:units="per_second">3200</cn>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_m</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <cn cellml:units="per_second">80</cn>
               <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>V</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="millivolt">11</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>m</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>alpha_m</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <ci>m</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>beta_m</ci>
                  <ci>m</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="fast_sodium_current_h_gate">
      <variable name="h" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.992806" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="alpha_h" units="per_second"/>
      <variable name="beta_h" units="per_second"/>
      <variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_h</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="per_second">135</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.8</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <lt/>
                     <ci>V</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <cn cellml:units="per_second">0</cn>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_h</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second">3560</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.079</cn>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second">310000000</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.35</cn>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <lt/>
                     <ci>V</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="second">0.00013</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <exp/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <plus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.66</cn>
                                 </apply>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.1</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>h</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>alpha_h</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <ci>h</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>beta_h</ci>
                  <ci>h</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="fast_sodium_current_j_gate">
      <variable name="j" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.99511469" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="alpha_j" units="per_second"/>
      <variable name="beta_j" units="per_second"/>
      <variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_j</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1000</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">127140</cn>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <times/>
                                       <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.2444</cn>
                                       <ci>V</ci>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">3.474<sep/>-5</cn>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <times/>
                                       <apply>
                                          <minus/>
                                          <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.04391</cn>
                                       </apply>
                                       <ci>V</ci>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">37.78</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.311</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">79.23</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <lt/>
                     <ci>V</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <cn cellml:units="per_second">0</cn>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_j</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second">121.2</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.01052</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1378</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">40.14</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <lt/>
                     <ci>V</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second">300</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_millivolt">2.535<sep/>-7</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">32</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>j</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>alpha_j</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <ci>j</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>beta_j</ci>
                  <ci>j</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="L_type_Ca_channel">
      <variable name="i_Ca_L" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="i_CaCa" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="i_CaK" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="i_CaNa" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="gamma_Nai" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.75" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="gamma_Nao" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.75" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="gamma_Ki" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.75" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="gamma_Ko" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.75" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="I_CaCa" units="microA"/>
      <variable name="I_CaK" units="microA"/>
      <variable name="I_CaNa" units="microA"/>
      <variable name="P_Ca" units="liter_per_second" initial_value="0.00054"/>
      <variable name="P_Na" units="liter_per_second" initial_value="6.75e-7"/>
      <variable name="P_K" units="liter_per_second" initial_value="1.93e-7"/>
      <variable name="gamma_Cai" units="dimensionless" initial_value="1"/>
      <variable name="gamma_Cao" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.341"/>
      <variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Cao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="d" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="f" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="f_Ca" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_CaCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>P_Ca</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>V</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>F</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>R</ci>
                        <ci>T</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>gamma_Cai</ci>
                        <ci>Cai</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <ci>F</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>R</ci>
                                 <ci>T</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>gamma_Cao</ci>
                        <ci>Cao</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <ci>F</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>R</ci>
                           <ci>T</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_CaNa</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>P_Na</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>V</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>F</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>R</ci>
                        <ci>T</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>gamma_Nai</ci>
                        <ci>Nai</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <ci>F</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>R</ci>
                                 <ci>T</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>gamma_Nao</ci>
                        <ci>Nao</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <ci>F</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>R</ci>
                           <ci>T</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_CaK</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>P_K</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>V</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>F</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>R</ci>
                        <ci>T</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>gamma_Ki</ci>
                        <ci>Ki</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <ci>F</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>R</ci>
                                 <ci>T</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>gamma_Ko</ci>
                        <ci>Ko</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <ci>F</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>R</ci>
                           <ci>T</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_CaCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>d</ci>
               <ci>f</ci>
               <ci>f_Ca</ci>
               <ci>I_CaCa</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_CaNa</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>d</ci>
               <ci>f</ci>
               <ci>f_Ca</ci>
               <ci>I_CaNa</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_CaK</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>d</ci>
               <ci>f</ci>
               <ci>f_Ca</ci>
               <ci>I_CaK</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>i_CaCa</ci>
               <ci>i_CaK</ci>
               <ci>i_CaNa</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate">
      <variable name="d" units="dimensionless" initial_value="3.538268e-6" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="alpha_d" units="per_second"/>
      <variable name="beta_d" units="per_second"/>
      <variable name="d_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="tau_d" units="second"/>
      <variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="E0_d" units="millivolt"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>E0_d</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>V</ci>
               <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>d_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>E0_d</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.24</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_d</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <cn cellml:units="second">0.001</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.035</cn>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">6.24</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <lt/>
                     <apply>
                        <abs/>
                        <ci>E0_d</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="millivolt">1<sep/>-5</cn>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.001</cn>
                        <ci>d_infinity</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <exp/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>E0_d</ci>
                                 </apply>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.24</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">0.035</cn>
                        <ci>E0_d</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_d</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <ci>d_infinity</ci>
               <ci>tau_d</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_d</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <ci>d_infinity</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_d</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
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                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">8</cn>
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                                 <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0337</cn>
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                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.02</cn>
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                     <ci>Km_Ca</ci>
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      <variable name="g" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
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                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.8</cn>
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                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">4.5</cn>
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                  <ci>g</ci>
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               <ci>tau_g</ci>
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                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">22.4</cn>
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               <times/>
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                  <minus/>
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                  <ci>E_K</ci>
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         </apply>
      </math>
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      <variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
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                              <ci>V</ci>
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                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">7.5</cn>
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                        <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.00138</cn>
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                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">14.2</cn>
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                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.123</cn>
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                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">14.2</cn>
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                           </apply>
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                  </apply>
                  <apply>
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                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.00061</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">38.9</cn>
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                        <minus/>
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                           <exp/>
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                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.145</cn>
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                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <apply>
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                  <minus/>
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      <variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
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      <variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
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               <times/>
               <apply>
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                     <times/>
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                        <ci>Ko</ci>
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                           <times/>
                           <ci>PNaK</ci>
                           <ci>Nao</ci>
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                        <plus/>
                        <ci>Ki</ci>
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                           <times/>
                           <ci>PNaK</ci>
                           <ci>Nai</ci>
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            <ci>g_Ks</ci>
            <apply>
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                        <plus/>
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                           <power/>
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                              <cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="millimolar">3.8<sep/>-5</cn>
                              <ci>Cai</ci>
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                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.4</cn>
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         <apply>
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            <ci>i_Ks</ci>
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               <times/>
               <ci>g_Ks</ci>
               <ci>xs1</ci>
               <ci>xs2</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
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            <ci>xs1_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
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                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
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                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">16.7</cn>
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            <ci>tau_xs1</ci>
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                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
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                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_millivolt">7.19<sep/>-5</cn>
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                        <minus/>
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                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.148</cn>
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                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
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                  <apply>
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                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.000131</cn>
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                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
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                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
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                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0687</cn>
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                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
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                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
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               <ci>xs1</ci>
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            <apply>
               <divide/>
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                  <minus/>
                  <ci>xs1_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>xs1</ci>
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               <ci>tau_xs1</ci>
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   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs2_gate">
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      <variable name="xs2_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="tau_xs2" units="second"/>
      <variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>xs2_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.5</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">16.7</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_xs2</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">0.001</cn>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_millivolt">7.19<sep/>-5</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.148</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.000131</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0687</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>xs2</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>xs2_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>xs2</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_xs2</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="time_independent_potassium_current">
      <variable name="i_K1" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="out" private_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="g_K1" units="milliS"/>
      <variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="K1_infinity" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>g_K1</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <cn cellml:units="milliS">0.75</cn>
               <apply>
                  <root/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>Ko</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="millimolar">5.4</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>E_K</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>R</ci>
                     <ci>T</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>F</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <ln/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>Ko</ci>
                     <ci>Ki</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_K1</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_K1</ci>
               <ci>K1_infinity</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate">
      <variable name="K1_infinity" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="alpha_K1" units="per_second"/>
      <variable name="beta_K1" units="per_second"/>
      <variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_K1</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="per_second">1020</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.2385</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <ci>E_K</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">59.215</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_K1</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="per_second">1000</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.49124</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.08032</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                    <ci>E_K</ci>
                                 </apply>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.476</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.06175</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <ci>E_K</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">594.31</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.5143</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <ci>E_K</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">4.753</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>K1_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <ci>alpha_K1</ci>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_K1</ci>
                  <ci>beta_K1</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="plateau_potassium_current">
      <variable name="i_Kp" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="g_Kp" units="milliS" initial_value="0.00552"/>
      <variable name="Kp" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Kp</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">7.488</cn>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.98</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_Kp</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_Kp</ci>
               <ci>Kp</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="ATP_sensitive_potassium_current">
      <variable name="i_K_ATP" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="g_K_ATP" units="milliS"/>
      <variable name="nATP" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.24"/>
      <variable name="nicholsarea" units="dimensionless" initial_value="5e-5"/>
      <variable name="ATPi" units="millimolar" initial_value="3"/>
      <variable name="hATP" units="dimensionless" initial_value="2"/>
      <variable name="kATP" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.00025"/>
      <variable name="pATP" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="GKbaraATP" units="milliS"/>
      <variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>g_K_ATP</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="milliS">0.000193</cn>
               <ci>nicholsarea</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>pATP</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>ATPi</ci>
                        <ci>kATP</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>hATP</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>GKbaraATP</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_K_ATP</ci>
               <ci>pATP</ci>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>Ko</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="millimolar">4</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>nATP</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_K_ATP</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>GKbaraATP</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="transient_outward_current">
      <variable name="i_to" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="g_to" units="milliS"/>
      <variable name="E_K" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="rvdv" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="zdv" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="ydv" units="dimensionless" private_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>g_to</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0</cn>
               <cn cellml:units="milliS">0.5</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>rvdv</ci>
            <apply>
               <exp/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millivolt">100</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_to</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_to</ci>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <ci>zdv</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
               </apply>
               <ci>ydv</ci>
               <ci>rvdv</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="transient_outward_current_zdv_gate">
      <variable name="zdv" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.01198974" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="alpha_zdv" units="per_second"/>
      <variable name="beta_zdv" units="per_second"/>
      <variable name="tau_zdv" units="second"/>
      <variable name="zdv_ss" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_zdv</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="per_second">10000</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_zdv</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="per_second">10000</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">90</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">90</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_zdv</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_zdv</ci>
                  <ci>beta_zdv</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>zdv_ss</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <ci>alpha_zdv</ci>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_zdv</ci>
                  <ci>beta_zdv</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>zdv</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>zdv_ss</ci>
                  <ci>zdv</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_zdv</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="transient_outward_current_ydv_gate">
      <variable name="ydv" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.97497" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="alpha_ydv" units="per_second"/>
      <variable name="beta_ydv" units="per_second"/>
      <variable name="tau_ydv" units="second"/>
      <variable name="ydv_ss" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_ydv</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="per_second">15</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">60</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_ydv</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="per_second">100</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_ydv</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_ydv</ci>
                  <ci>beta_ydv</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>ydv_ss</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <ci>alpha_ydv</ci>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_ydv</ci>
                  <ci>beta_ydv</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>ydv</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>ydv_ss</ci>
                  <ci>ydv</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_ydv</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump">
      <variable name="i_p_Ca" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="K_mpCa" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.0005"/>
      <variable name="I_pCa" units="microA" initial_value="1.15"/>
      <variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_p_Ca</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>I_pCa</ci>
                  <ci>Cai</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>K_mpCa</ci>
                  <ci>Cai</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="sodium_background_current">
      <variable name="i_Na_b" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="g_Nab" units="milliS" initial_value="0.004"/>
      <variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="E_Na" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_Na_b</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_Nab</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_Na</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="calcium_background_current">
      <variable name="i_Ca_b" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="g_Cab" units="milliS" initial_value="0.003016"/>
      <variable name="E_Ca" units="millivolt" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Cao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>E_Ca</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>R</ci>
                     <ci>T</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     <ci>F</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <ln/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>Cao</ci>
                     <ci>Cai</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_Ca_b</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_Cab</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_Ca</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="sodium_potassium_pump">
      <variable name="i_NaK" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="I_NaK" units="microA" initial_value="2"/>
      <variable name="f_NaK" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="K_mNai" units="millimolar" initial_value="10"/>
      <variable name="K_mKo" units="millimolar" initial_value="1.5"/>
      <variable name="sigma" units="dimensionless"/>
      <variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>sigma</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">7</cn>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>Nao</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="millimolar">67.3</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>f_NaK</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1245</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <ci>F</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>R</ci>
                              <ci>T</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0365</cn>
                     <ci>sigma</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>F</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>R</ci>
                              <ci>T</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_NaK</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>I_NaK</ci>
                        <ci>f_NaK</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <ci>K_mNai</ci>
                              <ci>Nai</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Ko</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>Ko</ci>
                  <ci>K_mKo</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="non_specific_calcium_activated_current">
      <variable name="i_ns_Ca" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="i_ns_Na" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="i_ns_K" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="P_ns_Ca" units="liter_per_second"/>
      <variable name="gamma_Nai" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="gamma_Nao" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="gamma_Ki" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="gamma_Ko" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Cao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="I_ns_Na" units="microA"/>
      <variable name="I_ns_K" units="microA"/>
      <variable name="K_m_ns_Ca" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.0012"/>
      <variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>P_ns_Ca</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0</cn>
               <cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="liter_per_second">1.75<sep/>-7</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_ns_Na</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>P_ns_Ca</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>V</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>F</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>R</ci>
                        <ci>T</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>gamma_Nai</ci>
                        <ci>Nai</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <ci>F</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>R</ci>
                                 <ci>T</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>gamma_Nao</ci>
                        <ci>Nao</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <ci>F</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>R</ci>
                           <ci>T</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_ns_K</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>P_ns_Ca</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>V</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>F</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>R</ci>
                        <ci>T</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>gamma_Ki</ci>
                        <ci>Ki</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <ci>F</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>R</ci>
                                 <ci>T</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>gamma_Ko</ci>
                        <ci>Ko</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <ci>F</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>R</ci>
                           <ci>T</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_ns_Na</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>I_ns_Na</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>K_m_ns_Ca</ci>
                        <ci>Cai</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_ns_K</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>I_ns_K</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>K_m_ns_Ca</ci>
                        <ci>Cai</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_ns_Ca</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>i_ns_Na</ci>
               <ci>i_ns_K</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="Na_Ca_exchanger">
      <variable name="i_NaCa" units="microA" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="V" units="millivolt" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="R" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="T" units="kelvin" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Cao" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="n_NaCa" units="dimensionless" initial_value="3" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="K_NaCa" units="microA" initial_value="0.002"/>
      <variable name="d_NaCa" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.001"/>
      <variable name="gamma" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.5"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_NaCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>K_NaCa</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>gamma</ci>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>n_NaCa</ci>
                                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                 </apply>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <ci>F</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>R</ci>
                                 <ci>T</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>Nai</ci>
                           <ci>n_NaCa</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>Cao</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>gamma</ci>
                                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                                 </apply>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>n_NaCa</ci>
                                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                 </apply>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <ci>F</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>R</ci>
                                 <ci>T</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>Nao</ci>
                           <ci>n_NaCa</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>Cai</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="mM_4">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>d_NaCa</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>Cai</ci>
                              <apply>
                                 <power/>
                                 <ci>Nao</ci>
                                 <ci>n_NaCa</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>Cao</ci>
                              <apply>
                                 <power/>
                                 <ci>Nai</ci>
                                 <ci>n_NaCa</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>Cai</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.0069</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="calcium_dynamics">
      <variable name="i_rel" units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="i_up" units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="i_leak" units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="i_tr" units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="G_rel" units="per_second"/>
      <variable name="G_rel_max" units="per_second" initial_value="60000"/>
      <variable name="G_rel_overload" units="per_second" initial_value="4000"/>
      <variable name="tau_tr" units="second" initial_value="0.18"/>
      <variable name="K_mrel" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.0008"/>
      <variable name="delta_Ca_ith" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.00018"/>
      <variable name="CSQN_max" units="millimolar" initial_value="10"/>
      <variable name="K_mCSQN" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.8"/>
      <variable name="K_mup" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.00092"/>
      <variable name="K_leak" units="per_second"/>
      <variable name="I_up" units="millimolar_per_second" initial_value="5"/>
      <variable name="Ca_NSR_max" units="millimolar" initial_value="15"/>
      <variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.00034209" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="Cao" units="millimolar" initial_value="1.8" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="Ca_JSR" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.8204291" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="Ca_NSR" units="millimolar" initial_value="2.7872629" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="V_myo" units="micro_litre" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="A_cap" units="mm2" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="V_JSR" units="micro_litre"/>
      <variable name="V_NSR" units="micro_litre"/>
      <variable name="i_NaCa" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_CaCa" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_p_Ca" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_Ca_b" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_Ca_T" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="K_mTn" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.0005"/>
      <variable name="K_mCMDN" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.00238"/>
      <variable name="Tn_max" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.07"/>
      <variable name="CMDN_max" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.05"/>
      <variable name="dVdt" units="millivolt_per_second" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="APtrack" units="dimensionless" initial_value="3.7458e-87"/>
      <variable name="APtrack2" units="dimensionless" initial_value="2.07066e-86"/>
      <variable name="APtrack3" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.01924195"/>
      <variable name="Cainfluxtrack" units="millimolar" initial_value="1.660129e-87"/>
      <variable name="OVRLDtrack" units="dimensionless" initial_value="1.97626e-323"/>
      <variable name="OVRLDtrack2" units="dimensionless" initial_value="-2.470328e-323"/>
      <variable name="OVRLDtrack3" units="dimensionless" initial_value="2.2645e-282"/>
      <variable name="CSQNthresh" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.7"/>
      <variable name="Logicthresh" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.98"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>V_JSR</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0048</cn>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.68</cn>
               </apply>
               <ci>V_myo</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>V_NSR</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0552</cn>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.68</cn>
               </apply>
               <ci>V_myo</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>APtrack</ci>
            </apply>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second">100000</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <ci>APtrack</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
                        <ci>APtrack</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <gt/>
                     <ci>dVdt</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="millivolt_per_second">150000</cn>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>APtrack</ci>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>APtrack2</ci>
            </apply>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second">100000</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <ci>APtrack2</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
                        <ci>APtrack2</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <and/>
                     <apply>
                        <lt/>
                        <ci>APtrack</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.2</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <gt/>
                        <ci>APtrack</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.18</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>APtrack2</ci>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>APtrack3</ci>
            </apply>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second">100000</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           <ci>APtrack3</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
                        <ci>APtrack3</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <and/>
                     <apply>
                        <lt/>
                        <ci>APtrack</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.2</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <gt/>
                        <ci>APtrack</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.18</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second">10</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>APtrack3</ci>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Cainfluxtrack</ci>
            </apply>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>A_cap</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>i_CaCa</ci>
                                 <ci>i_Ca_T</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>i_NaCa</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>i_p_Ca</ci>
                           <ci>i_Ca_b</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="mm2">2</cn>
                        <ci>V_myo</ci>
                        <ci>F</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <gt/>
                     <ci>APtrack</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.2</cn>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <piece>
                  <cn cellml:units="millimolar_per_second">0</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <and/>
                     <apply>
                        <gt/>
                        <ci>APtrack2</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.01</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <leq/>
                        <ci>APtrack</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>Cainfluxtrack</ci>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>OVRLDtrack</ci>
            </apply>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="per_second">50000</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <ci>OVRLDtrack</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <and/>
                     <apply>
                        <gt/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
                                 <ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>CSQNthresh</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <lt/>
                        <ci>OVRLDtrack3</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.37</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <lt/>
                        <ci>APtrack3</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.37</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>OVRLDtrack</ci>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
            </apply>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="per_second">50000</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <and/>
                     <apply>
                        <gt/>
                        <ci>OVRLDtrack</ci>
                        <ci>Logicthresh</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <lt/>
                        <ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
                        <ci>Logicthresh</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>OVRLDtrack3</ci>
            </apply>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="per_second">50000</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <ci>OVRLDtrack3</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <and/>
                     <apply>
                        <gt/>
                        <ci>OVRLDtrack</ci>
                        <ci>Logicthresh</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <lt/>
                        <ci>OVRLDtrack3</ci>
                        <ci>Logicthresh</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second">10</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>OVRLDtrack3</ci>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>G_rel</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>G_rel_max</ci>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>Cainfluxtrack</ci>
                              <ci>delta_Ca_ith</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>K_mrel</ci>
                              <ci>Cainfluxtrack</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>delta_Ca_ith</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <ci>APtrack2</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>APtrack2</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <gt/>
                     <ci>Cainfluxtrack</ci>
                     <ci>delta_Ca_ith</ci>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>G_rel_overload</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <and/>
                     <apply>
                        <leq/>
                        <ci>Cainfluxtrack</ci>
                        <ci>delta_Ca_ith</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <gt/>
                        <ci>OVRLDtrack2</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <cn cellml:units="per_second">0</cn>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_rel</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>G_rel</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
                  <ci>Cai</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_up</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>I_up</ci>
                  <ci>Cai</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>Cai</ci>
                  <ci>K_mup</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>K_leak</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <ci>I_up</ci>
               <ci>Ca_NSR_max</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_leak</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>K_leak</ci>
               <ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_tr</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_tr</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>CSQN_max</ci>
                           <ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
                              <ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>i_tr</ci>
                  <ci>i_rel</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>i_tr</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>V_JSR</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>V_NSR</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>i_leak</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>i_up</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Cai</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>CMDN_max</ci>
                           <ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
                              <ci>Cai</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>Tn_max</ci>
                           <ci>K_mTn</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>K_mTn</ci>
                              <ci>Cai</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>A_cap</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>i_CaCa</ci>
                                 <ci>i_Ca_T</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>i_NaCa</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <ci>i_p_Ca</ci>
                           <ci>i_Ca_b</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="mm2">2</cn>
                        <ci>V_myo</ci>
                        <ci>F</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>i_rel</ci>
                        <ci>V_JSR</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>V_myo</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>i_leak</ci>
                           <ci>i_up</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>V_NSR</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>V_myo</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" name="ionic_concentrations">
      <variable name="Nai" units="millimolar" initial_value="14.177596" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="Nao" units="millimolar" initial_value="132" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="Ki" units="millimolar" initial_value="138.37949" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="Ko" units="millimolar" initial_value="4.5" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="A_cap" units="mm2" initial_value="1.434e-7" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="preplength" units="mm" initial_value="0.001"/>
      <variable name="radius" units="mm" initial_value="1.1e-4"/>
      <variable name="volume" units="micro_litre"/>
      <variable name="V_myo" units="micro_litre" public_interface="out"/>
      <variable name="time" units="second" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="F" units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_Na" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_CaNa" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_Na_b" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_ns_Na" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_NaCa" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_NaK" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_CaK" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_Kr" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_Ks" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_K1" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_Kp" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_K_ATP" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_ns_K" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <variable name="i_to" units="microA" public_interface="in"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>volume</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <pi/>
               <ci>preplength</ci>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <ci>radius</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>V_myo</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.68</cn>
               <ci>volume</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Nai</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>i_Na</ci>
                        <ci>i_CaNa</ci>
                        <ci>i_Na_b</ci>
                        <ci>i_ns_Na</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>i_NaCa</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>i_NaK</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>A_cap</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>V_myo</ci>
                  <ci>F</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="mm2">1</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ki</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>i_CaK</ci>
                        <ci>i_Kr</ci>
                        <ci>i_Ks</ci>
                        <ci>i_K1</ci>
                        <ci>i_Kp</ci>
                        <ci>i_K_ATP</ci>
                        <ci>i_to</ci>
                        <ci>i_ns_K</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>i_NaK</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>A_cap</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>V_myo</ci>
                  <ci>F</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="mm2">1</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <group xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
      <component_ref component="membrane">
         <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
            <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
            <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel">
            <component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel_b_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel_g_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
            <component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
            <component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs1_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs2_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current">
            <component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
            <component_ref component="transient_outward_current_zdv_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="transient_outward_current_ydv_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
         <component_ref component="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
         <component_ref component="plateau_potassium_current"/>
         <component_ref component="ATP_sensitive_potassium_current"/>
         <component_ref component="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump"/>
         <component_ref component="sodium_background_current"/>
         <component_ref component="calcium_background_current"/>
         <component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
         <component_ref component="non_specific_calcium_activated_current"/>
         <component_ref component="ionic_concentrations"/>
         <component_ref component="calcium_dynamics"/>
      </component_ref>
   </group>
   <group xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
      <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
         <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
         <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel">
         <component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel_b_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="T_type_Ca_channel_g_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
         <component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
         <component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs1_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs2_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current">
         <component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
         <component_ref component="transient_outward_current_zdv_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="transient_outward_current_ydv_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
   </group>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="T_type_Ca_channel" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="non_specific_calcium_activated_current" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="ionic_concentrations" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="calcium_dynamics" component_2="environment"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="fast_sodium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Na" variable_2="i_Na"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L" variable_2="i_Ca_L"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="T_type_Ca_channel"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_T" variable_2="i_Ca_T"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Kr" variable_2="i_Kr"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Ks" variable_2="i_Ks"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="ATP_sensitive_potassium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_K_ATP" variable_2="i_K_ATP"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="transient_outward_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_to" variable_2="i_to"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa" variable_2="i_NaCa"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_K1" variable_2="i_K1"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="plateau_potassium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Kp" variable_2="i_Kp"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_p_Ca" variable_2="i_p_Ca"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_background_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Na_b" variable_2="i_Na_b"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="calcium_background_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_b" variable_2="i_Ca_b"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_NaK" variable_2="i_NaK"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="non_specific_calcium_activated_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_ns_Ca" variable_2="i_ns_Ca"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="calcium_dynamics"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="dVdt" variable_2="dVdt"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Na" variable_2="i_Na"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="sodium_background_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="E_Na" variable_2="E_Na"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Ki" variable_2="Ki"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_CaNa" variable_2="i_CaNa"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_CaK" variable_2="i_CaK"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="calcium_dynamics"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Cao" variable_2="Cao"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_CaCa" variable_2="i_CaCa"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="T_type_Ca_channel" component_2="calcium_dynamics"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_T" variable_2="i_Ca_T"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Ki" variable_2="Ki"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Ks" variable_2="i_Ks"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="calcium_dynamics"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Kr" variable_2="i_Kr"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_to" variable_2="i_to"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa" variable_2="i_NaCa"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger" component_2="calcium_dynamics"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Cao" variable_2="Cao"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa" variable_2="i_NaCa"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Ki" variable_2="Ki"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_K1" variable_2="i_K1"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="ATP_sensitive_potassium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_K_ATP" variable_2="i_K_ATP"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="plateau_potassium_current" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="ATP_sensitive_potassium_current" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="plateau_potassium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Kp" variable_2="i_Kp"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump" component_2="calcium_dynamics"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_p_Ca" variable_2="i_p_Ca"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="T_type_Ca_channel" component_2="calcium_background_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="E_Ca" variable_2="E_Ca"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="sodium_background_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Na_b" variable_2="i_Na_b"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="calcium_background_current" component_2="calcium_dynamics"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Cao" variable_2="Cao"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_b" variable_2="i_Ca_b"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="sodium_potassium_pump" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_NaK" variable_2="i_NaK"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="non_specific_calcium_activated_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Ki" variable_2="Ki"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_ns_Na" variable_2="i_ns_Na"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="i_ns_K" variable_2="i_ns_K"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="non_specific_calcium_activated_current" component_2="calcium_dynamics"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Cao" variable_2="Cao"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="non_specific_calcium_activated_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="gamma_Nao" variable_2="gamma_Nao"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="gamma_Nai" variable_2="gamma_Nai"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="gamma_Ko" variable_2="gamma_Ko"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="gamma_Ki" variable_2="gamma_Ki"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="m" variable_2="m"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="h" variable_2="h"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="j" variable_2="j"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="d" variable_2="d"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="f" variable_2="f"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="f_Ca" variable_2="f_Ca"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="T_type_Ca_channel" component_2="T_type_Ca_channel_b_gate"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="b" variable_2="b"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="T_type_Ca_channel" component_2="T_type_Ca_channel_g_gate"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="g" variable_2="g"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr_gate"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="xr" variable_2="xr"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs1_gate"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="xs1" variable_2="xs1"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs2_gate"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="xs2" variable_2="xs2"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="K1_infinity" variable_2="K1_infinity"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="transient_outward_current_ydv_gate"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="ydv" variable_2="ydv"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="transient_outward_current_zdv_gate"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="zdv" variable_2="zdv"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
   </connection>
   <connection xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#">
      <map_components component_1="calcium_dynamics" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="V_myo" variable_2="V_myo"/>
      <map_variables variable_1="A_cap" variable_2="A_cap"/>
   </connection>
</model>