<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!--
This CellML file was generated on 02/10/2007 at 16:53:35 using:
COR (0.9.31.793)
Copyright 2002-2007 Dr Alan Garny
http://COR.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - COR@physiol.ox.ac.uk
CellML 1.0 was used to generate this cellular model
http://www.CellML.org/
-->
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<articleinfo>
<title>Improved guinea-pig ventricular cell model incorporating a diadic space, IKr and IKs, and length- and tension-dependent processes8</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This version has been curated and unit-checked by Penny Noble and is known to run in COR and PCEnv. This variant is the STRETCH model, which includes acetylcholine dependent modulation and the electromechanical processes simulated by the extended basic model, and also includes simulation of stretch and fibroblasts. This model is parameterised the same as the BASIC model, with all additional variables set to zero.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>ABSTRACT: The guinea-pig ventricular cell model, originally developed by Noble et al in 1991, has been greatly extended to include accumulation and depletion of calcium in a diadic space between the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum where, according to contempory understanding, the majority of calcium-induced calcium release is triggered. The calcium in this space is also assumed to play the major role in calcium-induced inactivation of the calcium current. Delayed potassium current equations have been developed to include the rapid (IKr) and slow (IKs) components of the delayed rectifier current based on the data of of Heath and Terrar, along with data from Sanguinetti and Jurkiewicz. Length- and tension-dependent changes in mechanical and electrophysiological processes have been incorporated as described recently by Kohl et al. Drug receptor interactions have started to be developed, using the sodium channel as the first target. The new model has been tested against experimental data on action potential clamp, and on force-interval and duration-interval relations; it has been found to reliably reproduce experimental observations.
</para>
<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
Improved guinea-pig ventricular cell model incorporating a diadic space, IKr and IKs, and length- and tension-dependent processes, Denis Noble, Anthony Varghese, Peter Kohl and Penelope Noble, 1998, <emphasis>Can J Cardiol</emphasis>, 14, 123-134. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9487284">PubMed ID: 9487284</ulink>
</para>
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<title>cell diagram of Noble'98 model showing ionic currents, pumps and exchangers within the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum</title>
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<imagedata fileref="noble_1998c.png"/>
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<caption>A schematic diagram describing the current flows across the cell membrane that are captured in the Noble'98 model.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
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<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>xr2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_xr2</ci>
<ci>xr2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<variable cmeta:id="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_i_Ks" name="i_Ks" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0026" name="g_Ks" units="microS"/>
<variable name="E_Ks" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="xs" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>xs</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ks</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.001302" name="xs" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="alpha_xs" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_xs" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_xs</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">14</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_xs</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">45</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xs</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_xs</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>xs</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_xs</ci>
<ci>xs</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ATP_dependent_potassium_current">
<variable cmeta:id="ATP_dependent_potassium_current_i_K_ATP" name="i_K_ATP" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="g_K_ATP" units="microS"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="K_ATP" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="ATP" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K_ATP</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K_ATP</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ATP</ci>
<ci>K_ATP</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_activated_potassium_current">
<variable cmeta:id="sodium_activated_potassium_current_i_KNa" name="i_KNa" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="g_K_Na" units="microS"/>
<variable initial_value="20" name="K_kna" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Na_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="E_K" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_KNa</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K_Na</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>K_kna</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current">
<variable cmeta:id="fast_sodium_current_i_Na" name="i_Na" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="2.5" name="g_Na" units="microS"/>
<variable name="E_mh" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="m" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="h" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Na</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>m</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>h</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_mh</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_m_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.0016203" name="m" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_m" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_m" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable initial_value="1e-5" name="delta_m" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="E0_m" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">41</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">2000</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
</apply>
<ci>delta_m</ci>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">200</cn>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">8000</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.056</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">66</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_h_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.9944036" name="h" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_h" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_h" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">20</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.125</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">2000</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">320</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="persistent_sodium_current">
<variable cmeta:id="persistent_sodium_current_i_p_Na" name="i_p_Na" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.004" name="g_pna" units="microS"/>
<variable name="E_Na" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_p_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_pna</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">52</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">8</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_background_current">
<variable cmeta:id="sodium_background_current_i_b_Na" name="i_b_Na" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0006" name="g_bna" units="microS"/>
<variable name="Na_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="E_Na" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_b_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_bna</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel">
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_K_cyt" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_K_ds" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Na_ds" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable cmeta:id="L_type_Ca_channel_i_Ca_L" name="i_Ca_L" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="P_Ca_L" units="nanoA_per_millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.002" name="P_CaK" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.01" name="P_CaNa" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="Ca_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_i" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_ds" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="K_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="K_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Na_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Na_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_mole"/>
<variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
<variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="d" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="f" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="f2" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="f2ds" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="100000" name="Km_f2" private_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.001" name="Km_f2ds" private_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="20" name="R_decay" private_interface="out" public_interface="out" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="1" name="FrICa" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">100</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_cyt</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_CaK</ci>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_cyt</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_CaNa</ci>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_ds</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2ds</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">100</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_ds</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
<ci>P_CaK</ci>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2ds</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_ds</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
<ci>P_CaNa</ci>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>f2ds</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_ds</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_ds</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate">
<variable initial_value="0" name="d" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_d" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_d" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="E0_d" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="3" name="speed_d" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">24</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_d</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">120</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">0.0001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">30</cn>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_d</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">120</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">0.0001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">12</cn>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>speed_d</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_d</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_d</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate">
<variable initial_value="1" name="f" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_f" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_f" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable initial_value="0.3" name="speed_f" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0001" name="delta_f" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="E0_f" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">34</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_f</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">25</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
</apply>
<ci>delta_f</ci>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">6.25</cn>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_f</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">12</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">34</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>speed_f</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_f</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_f</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f2_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.9349197" name="f2" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="Km_f2" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Km_f2</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>f2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f2ds_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.9651958" name="f2ds" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="Km_f2ds" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="R_decay" public_interface="in" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="Ca_ds" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f2ds</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R_decay</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Km_f2ds</ci>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>f2ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_background_current">
<variable cmeta:id="calcium_background_current_i_b_Ca" name="i_b_Ca" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.00025" name="g_bca" units="microS"/>
<variable name="E_Ca" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_b_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_bca</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current">
<variable cmeta:id="transient_outward_current_i_to" name="i_to" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.005" name="g_to" units="microS"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="g_tos" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="E_K" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="s" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="r" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_to</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_to</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>g_tos</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>g_tos</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>r</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current_s_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.9948645" name="s" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_s" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_s" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">0.033</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">17</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_s</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">33</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.125</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_s</ci>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current_r_gate">
<variable initial_value="0" name="r" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">333</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ACh_dependent_potassium_current">
<variable cmeta:id="ACh_dependent_potassium_current_i_K_ACh" name="i_K_ACh" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="g_KACh" units="microS"/>
<variable initial_value="5" name="ACh" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.00013" name="K_D" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="E_K" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="K_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="K_mk1" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_mole"/>
<variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="x_ACh" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K_ACh</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_KACh</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<ci>K_mk1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>x_ACh</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_D</ci>
<ci>ACh</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ACh_dependent_potassium_current_xACh_gate">
<variable initial_value="0" name="x_ACh" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="alpha_ACh" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="beta_ACh" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>x_ACh</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_ACh</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>x_ACh</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_ACh</ci>
<ci>x_ACh</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_potassium_pump">
<variable cmeta:id="sodium_potassium_pump_i_NaK" name="i_NaK" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.7" name="i_NaK_max" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="1" name="K_mK" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="40" name="K_mNa" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="K_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Na_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK_max</ci>
<ci>K_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mK</ci>
<ci>K_o</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mNa</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_calcium_exchanger">
<variable cmeta:id="sodium_calcium_exchanger_i_NaCa" name="i_NaCa" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa_cyt" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa_ds" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0005" name="k_NaCa" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="3" name="n_NaCa" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="d_NaCa" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="gamma" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.001" name="FRiNaCa" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="Na_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Na_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_ds" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_mole"/>
<variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa_cyt</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FRiNaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>k_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar4">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.0069</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa_ds</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>FRiNaCa</ci>
<ci>k_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar4">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.0069</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_NaCa_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_NaCa_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump">
<variable cmeta:id="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump_i_up" name="i_up" public_interface="out" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="K_1" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="K_2" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0003" name="K_cyca" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.4" name="K_xcs" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="K_srca" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.4" name="alpha_up" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="0.03" name="beta_up" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_up" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K_1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_cyca</ci>
<ci>K_xcs</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_srca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K_2</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
<ci>K_1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_cyca</ci>
<ci>K_xcs</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_cyca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_up</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>K_2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>alpha_up</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
<ci>K_1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>beta_up</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_translocation">
<variable cmeta:id="calcium_translocation_i_trans" name="i_trans" public_interface="out" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="Ca_rel" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_up" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_trans</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">50</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_release">
<variable cmeta:id="calcium_release_i_rel" name="i_rel" public_interface="out" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="VoltDep" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="RegBindSite" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="CaiReg" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="CadsReg" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="ActRate" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="InactRate" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="0.005" name="K_leak_rate" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="SRLeak" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="250" name="K_m_rel" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0005" name="K_m_Ca_cyt" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.01" name="K_m_Ca_ds" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="PrecFrac" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.001914" name="ActFrac" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.2854569" name="ProdFrac" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="SpeedRel" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="2.5" name="gama_SR_SL" units="per_micrometre"/>
<variable initial_value="2.5" name="gama_SR_IT" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_ds" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_rel" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="isometric_tension" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="sarcomere_length" public_interface="in" units="micrometre"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>VoltDep</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.08</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>CaiReg</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>K_m_Ca_cyt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>CadsReg</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<ci>K_m_Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>RegBindSite</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>CaiReg</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>CaiReg</ci>
</apply>
<ci>CadsReg</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ActRate</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">0</cn>
<ci>VoltDep</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>RegBindSite</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>InactRate</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">60</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>RegBindSite</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">5</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>SRLeak</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_leak_rate</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gama_SR_IT</ci>
<ci>isometric_tension</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>isometric_tension</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_leak_rate</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gama_SR_SL</ci>
<ci>sarcomere_length</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>PrecFrac</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
</apply>
<ci>ProdFrac</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>PrecFrac</ci>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<ci>ActRate</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<ci>InactRate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ProdFrac</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<ci>InactRate</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">1</cn>
<ci>ProdFrac</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>K_m_rel</ci>
</apply>
<ci>SRLeak</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="extracellular_sodium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="140" name="Na_o" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_sodium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="7.3321223" name="Na_i" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="V_i" public_interface="in" units="micrometre3"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_mole"/>
<variable name="i_Na" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_b_Na" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_p_Na" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Na_ds" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaK" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa_cyt" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
<ci>i_p_Na</ci>
<ci>i_b_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa_cyt</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="extracellular_calcium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="2" name="Ca_o" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
</component>
<component name="extracellular_potassium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="4" name="K_o" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_potassium_concentration">
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_potassium_concentration_K_i" initial_value="136.5644281" name="K_i" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="V_i" public_interface="in" units="micrometre3"/>
<variable name="i_K1" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Kr" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ks" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_K_cyt" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_K_ds" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_to" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaK" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_mole"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<ci>i_Kr</ci>
<ci>i_Ks</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_ds</ci>
<ci>i_to</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_calcium_concentration">
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_calcium_concentration_Ca_i" initial_value="1.4e-5" name="Ca_i" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="1.88e-5" name="Ca_ds" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.4531889" name="Ca_up" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.4481927" name="Ca_rel" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0005555" name="Ca_Calmod" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0002" name="Ca_Trop" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.02" name="Calmod" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.05" name="Trop" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="100000" name="alpha_Calmod" units="per_millimolar_second"/>
<variable initial_value="50" name="beta_Calmod" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="alpha_Trop" units="per_millimolar_second"/>
<variable initial_value="200" name="beta_Trop" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="1.5" name="gama_Trop_SL" units="per_micrometre"/>
<variable initial_value="5000" name="KTrop" units="per_millimolar_second"/>
<variable initial_value="12" name="radius" units="micrometre"/>
<variable initial_value="74" name="length" units="micrometre"/>
<variable name="V_i" public_interface="out" units="micrometre3"/>
<variable name="V_Cell" units="micrometre3"/>
<variable name="V_i_ratio" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="V_ds_ratio" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="V_rel_ratio" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.4" name="V_e_ratio" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.01" name="V_up_ratio" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="Kdecay" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="i_up" public_interface="in" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="i_trans" public_interface="in" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="i_rel" public_interface="in" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa_cyt" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa_ds" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_b_Ca" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_mole"/>
<variable name="isometric_tension" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="sarcomere_length" public_interface="in" units="micrometre"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_Cell</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3.141592654</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>radius</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1000</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>length</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1000</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V_e_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_up_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_rel_ratio</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_Cell</ci>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_b_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa_cyt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<ci>V_ds_ratio</ci>
<ci>Kdecay</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
<ci>V_rel_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>i_up</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn>
<ci>V_ds_ratio</ci>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<ci>Kdecay</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
<ci>V_up_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_up</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_trans</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>V_up_ratio</ci>
<ci>V_rel_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_trans</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_Trop</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>KTrop</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gama_Trop_SL</ci>
<ci>sarcomere_length</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="contraction">
<variable initial_value="3.32e-5" name="light_chain" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="8.09e-5" name="cross_bridge" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="12000" name="KCont1" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="XCont2" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="XCont1" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="100" name="KCont2" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="60" name="KCont3" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="25" name="KCont4" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="2" name="sarcomere_length" public_interface="out" units="micrometre"/>
<variable initial_value="0.05" name="cross_bridge_density" units="per_micrometre"/>
<variable name="tension_rest" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tension_active" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="overlap" units="micrometre"/>
<variable name="cross_bridge_availability" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="isometric_tension" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="Ca_Calmod" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_Trop" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Calmod" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Trop" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>XCont2</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
<ci>Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>XCont1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
<ci>Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>light_chain</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>KCont1</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>XCont1</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>XCont2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>light_chain</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>KCont2</ci>
<ci>light_chain</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>cross_bridge</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>KCont3</ci>
<ci>light_chain</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>cross_bridge</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>KCont4</ci>
<ci>cross_bridge</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tension_rest</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2e-4</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_micrometre">2</cn>
<ci>sarcomere_length</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tension_active</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_micrometre">3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>sarcomere_length</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micrometre">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>sarcomere_length</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micrometre">1</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>overlap</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micrometre">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.625</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>sarcomere_length</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micrometre">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>sarcomere_length</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micrometre">2</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="micrometre">1</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>cross_bridge_availability</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>tension_active</ci>
<ci>overlap</ci>
<ci>cross_bridge_density</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>isometric_tension</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>cross_bridge</ci>
<ci>cross_bridge_availability</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tension_rest</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="stretch_current">
<variable cmeta:id="stretch_current_i_stretch" name="i_stretch" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable cmeta:id="stretch_current_i_Ca_stretch" name="i_Ca_stretch" units="nanoA"/>
<variable cmeta:id="stretch_current_i_K_stretch" name="i_K_stretch" units="nanoA"/>
<variable cmeta:id="stretch_current_i_Na_stretch" name="i_Na_stretch" units="nanoA"/>
<variable cmeta:id="stretch_current_i_An_stretch" name="i_An_stretch" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="2.5" name="gama_SAC_SL" units="per_micrometre"/>
<variable initial_value="2.5" name="gama_SAC_IT" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="2" name="SLHST" units="micrometre"/>
<variable initial_value="1" name="ITHST" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.01" name="g_Ca_stretch" units="microS"/>
<variable initial_value="0.01" name="g_K_stretch" units="microS"/>
<variable initial_value="0.01" name="g_Na_stretch" units="microS"/>
<variable initial_value="0.01" name="g_An_stretch" units="microS"/>
<variable initial_value="-20" name="E_An_stretch" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="f_stretch" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="isometric_tension" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="sarcomere_length" public_interface="in" units="micrometre"/>
<variable name="E_Ca" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="E_K" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="E_Na" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_stretch</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>gama_SAC_IT</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>isometric_tension</ci>
<ci>ITHST</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>isometric_tension</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>gama_SAC_SL</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>sarcomere_length</ci>
<ci>SLHST</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_stretch</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Ca_stretch</ci>
<ci>f_stretch</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Na_stretch</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Na_stretch</ci>
<ci>f_stretch</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K_stretch</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K_stretch</ci>
<ci>f_stretch</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_An_stretch</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_An_stretch</ci>
<ci>f_stretch</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_An_stretch</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_stretch</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Ca_stretch</ci>
<ci>i_Na_stretch</ci>
<ci>i_K_stretch</ci>
<ci>i_An_stretch</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fibroblast">
<variable initial_value="2.9e-4" name="g_fibro_junct" units="microS"/>
<variable initial_value="2e-4" name="g_fibro" units="microS"/>
<variable initial_value="1e-5" name="c_fibro" units="microF"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="g_fibro_stretch" units="microS"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="E_fibro_stretch" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="-20" name="V_fibro" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="i_fibro" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_fibro_junct" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_fibro</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_fibro</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V_fibro</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_fibro_stretch</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_fibro</ci>
<ci>E_fibro_stretch</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_fibro_junct</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>g_fibro_junct</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>V_fibro</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>V_fibro</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_fibro</ci>
<ci>i_fibro_junct</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>c_fibro</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="membrane">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f2_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f2ds_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr1_gate"/>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr2_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<component_ref component="ATP_dependent_potassium_current"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_activated_potassium_current"/>
<component_ref component="persistent_sodium_current"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_s_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_r_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="ACh_dependent_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="ACh_dependent_potassium_current_xACh_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_calcium_exchanger"/>
<component_ref component="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_translocation"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_release"/>
<component_ref component="extracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="extracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="extracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="reversal_potentials"/>
<component_ref component="contraction"/>
<component_ref component="stretch_current"/>
<component_ref component="fibroblast"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f2_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f2ds_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_s_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_r_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr1_gate"/>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr2_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="ACh_dependent_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="ACh_dependent_potassium_current_xACh_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ATP_dependent_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ACh_dependent_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_activated_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="persistent_sodium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_background_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_background_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_potassium_pump" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_calcium_exchanger" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_sodium_concentration" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_potassium_concentration" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_calcium_concentration" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_translocation" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_release" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="contraction" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="stretch_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fibroblast" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_release" component_2="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="reversal_potentials"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Na" variable_2="i_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Na_ds" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Na_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_K_cyt" variable_2="i_Ca_L_K_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_K_ds" variable_2="i_Ca_L_K_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kr" variable_2="i_Kr"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ks" variable_2="i_Ks"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="transient_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_to" variable_2="i_to"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K1" variable_2="i_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_activated_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="ATP_dependent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K_ATP" variable_2="i_K_ATP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="ACh_dependent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K_ACh" variable_2="i_K_ACh"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="persistent_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_p_Na" variable_2="i_p_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_b_Na" variable_2="i_b_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_b_Ca" variable_2="i_b_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaK" variable_2="i_NaK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_calcium_exchanger"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa_cyt" variable_2="i_NaCa_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa_ds" variable_2="i_NaCa_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="stretch_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_stretch" variable_2="i_stretch"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="fibroblast"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Na" variable_2="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="persistent_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Na" variable_2="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Ks" variable_2="E_Ks"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="sodium_activated_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="transient_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="ACh_dependent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Ca" variable_2="E_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_mh" variable_2="E_mh"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="extracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_o" variable_2="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="extracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_o" variable_2="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_i" variable_2="K_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_i" variable_2="Na_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="extracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_o" variable_2="Ca_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="stretch_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Ca" variable_2="E_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Na" variable_2="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="extracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_o" variable_2="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ACh_dependent_potassium_current" component_2="extracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_o" variable_2="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K1" variable_2="i_K1"/>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<map_variables variable_1="Ca_ds" variable_2="Ca_ds"/>
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<connection>
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<map_variables variable_1="K_i" variable_2="K_i"/>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_ds" variable_2="Ca_ds"/>
</connection>
<connection>
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<map_variables variable_1="Ca_Trop" variable_2="Ca_Trop"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Calmod" variable_2="Calmod"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Trop" variable_2="Trop"/>
<map_variables variable_1="isometric_tension" variable_2="isometric_tension"/>
<map_variables variable_1="sarcomere_length" variable_2="sarcomere_length"/>
</connection>
<connection>
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<map_variables variable_1="isometric_tension" variable_2="isometric_tension"/>
<map_variables variable_1="sarcomere_length" variable_2="sarcomere_length"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="stretch_current" component_2="contraction"/>
<map_variables variable_1="isometric_tension" variable_2="isometric_tension"/>
<map_variables variable_1="sarcomere_length" variable_2="sarcomere_length"/>
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<connection>
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<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
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<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
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<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
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<connection>
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<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Km_f2" variable_2="Km_f2"/>
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<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f2ds_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="f2ds" variable_2="f2ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_ds" variable_2="Ca_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Km_f2ds" variable_2="Km_f2ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R_decay" variable_2="R_decay"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="transient_outward_current_s_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="s" variable_2="s"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="transient_outward_current_r_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="r" variable_2="r"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_sodium_concentration" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_i" variable_2="V_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_potassium_concentration" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_i" variable_2="V_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ACh_dependent_potassium_current" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_mk1" variable_2="K_mk1"/>
</connection>
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<rdf:value>Penny Noble was informed by a community member that INaCads was not included in the dCads/dt ODE and hence the system was out of balance. This has been fixed in version 07. An alteration was also made to the model to remove two differential expressions in the intracellular_calcium concentration component to allow PCEnv 0.2 to run the model.</rdf:value>
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<dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">Improved guinea-pig ventricular cell model incorporating a diadic space, IKr and IKs, and length- and tension-dependent processes (Stretch Model)</dc:title>
<dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford</dc:publisher>
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<rdf:value>Note that the missing i_NCX_ds component was added to the dCai/dt rather than the dCads/dt equation in order to achieve balance in the model.</rdf:value>
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<rdf:value>This model has been curated by Penny Noble</rdf:value>
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<rdf:value>Units checked, curated.</rdf:value>
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<rdf:value>This version was created by Penny Noble and is known to read into COR. James Lawson fixed an error (19/04/07) that prevented it reading in PCEnv (unsupported predefined operator diff in component intracellular_calcium_concentration. This variant of version 06 is the STRETCH model, which includes acetylcholine dependent modulation and the electromechanical processes simulated by Variant 02, and also includes simulation of stretch and fibroblasts. This model is parameterised the same as the BASIC model, with all additional variables set to zero.
To simulate multiple action potentials with this model the following integrator parameters must be used: max step size must be 0.001 or less, max point density must be 10,000 or more.</rdf:value>
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