Rendering of the source text

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!--  FILE :  schlosser_model_2000.xml

CREATED :  20th June 2007

LAST MODIFIED : 20th June 2007

AUTHOR :  Catherine Lloyd
          Bioengineering Institute
          The University of Auckland
          
MODEL STATUS :  This model conforms to the CellML 1.1 Specification.

DESCRIPTION :  This file contains a CellML description of Schlosser and Selgrade's 2000 mathematical model of gonadotropin regulation during the menstrual cycle in women.

CHANGES:  
  
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" cmeta:id="schlosser_model_2000" name="schlosser_selgrade_model_2000_version01">

<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">

<article>
  <articleinfo>
  <title>Modelling Gonadotropin Regulation during the Menstrual Cycle in Women</title>
  <author>
    <firstname>Catherine</firstname>
          <surname>Lloyd</surname>
    <affiliation>
      <shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
    </affiliation>
  </author>
</articleinfo>
  <section id="sec_status">
    <title>Model Status</title>
    <para>
        This CellML version of the model has been checked in COR and PCEnv.  The units are consistent and the model runs to recreate the published results.
          </para>
  </section>
  <sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>

<para>
There are increasing concerns that environmental pollutants may disrupt the endocrine systems in both humans and wildlife.  Of particular concern are compounds that can mimic the effects of endogenous estrogen.  These can bind to the estrogen receptor and therefore they are able to anatagonise the effects of endogenous estrogen by preventing its binding to its receptor.  It has been suggested that artificial estrogens in the environment are responsible for declining male sperm counts and also increases in the incidence of breast cancer.  However, there is considerable uncertainty surrounding these hypotheses.
</para>

<para>
The aim of the study by Schlosser and Selgrade was to develop a mathematical model of the human menstrual cycle which could be used to predict the effects of interactions between exogenous compounds and the sexual endocrine system in adult women.  Such a model had to take into consideration the fact the endocrine system is largely self-regulating, and is able to compensate for moderate variations - such as in dietary phytoestrogens (e.g. in soy products), or physiological fluctuations in hormone levels over the course of the menstrual cycle.
</para>

<para>
The model presented here (and summarised in the figure below) describes the synthesis and release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and their regulation under normal physiological conditions in adult, cycling women.  Two systems of two-dimensional ordinary differential equations are used to model the LH and FSH processes of synthesis, release and clearance.  Each system is a two compartment model consisting of the hypothalamus/pituitary and the blood as shown in the figure below.  Hormone synthesis occurs in the pituitary where the hormones are held in a reserve pool (RP) until they are released into the systemic circulation.  Feedback loops are incorporated into the model to capture the various inhibiting and enhancing effects of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) on the synthesis and release of LH and FSH.  
</para>

<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_reaction_diagram">
<mediaobject>
  <imageobject>
    <objectinfo>
      <title>model diagram</title>
    </objectinfo>
    <imagedata fileref="schlosser_2000.png"/>
  </imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>Schematic diagram of the mathematical model of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis and release.  Solid arrows represent pathways of synthesis (syn), release into the blood (rel), and clearance from the blood (clear).  Dashed arrows represent regulatory pathways, either positive (+) or negative (-), with feedback from estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and inhibin (Ih).</caption>
</informalfigure>

<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>

<para>
<ulink url="http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2000/suppl-5/873-881schlosser/abstract.html">A model of gonadotropin regulation during the menstrual cycle in women: qualitative features</ulink>, Paul M. Schlosser and James F. Selgrade, 2000, <ulink url="http://www.ehponline.org/">
            <emphasis>Environmental Health Perspectives</emphasis>
          </ulink>, 108, 873-881.  (A <ulink url="http://www.ehponline.org/members/2000/suppl-5/873-881schlosser/schlosser-full.html">full text</ulink> HTML version of the article is available free on the <emphasis>Environmental Health Perspectives</emphasis> website.)  <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&amp;cmd=Retrieve&amp;dopt=AbstractPlus&amp;list_uids=11226623&amp;query_hl=1&amp;itool=pubmed_docsum">PubMed ID: 11226623</ulink>
</para>

</sect1>
</article>
</documentation> 



  
  
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  <units name="first_order_rate_constant">
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  <component name="environment">
    <variable units="day" public_interface="out" name="time"/>
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  <component cmeta:id="RP_LH" name="RP_LH">
     
    <variable units="microg_day" public_interface="out" name="rel_LH_E2_P4_RP_LH"/>
    
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    <variable units="microg_day" name="V1_LH" initial_value="95900.0"/>
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    <variable units="nmol_L" name="Ki_LHP" initial_value="26.0"/>
    <variable units="first_order_rate_constant" name="kLH_rel" initial_value="3.0"/>
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    <variable units="ng_L" public_interface="in" name="E2_dE"/>
    <variable units="nmol_L" public_interface="in" name="P4"/>
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          <ci> rel_LH_E2_P4_RP_LH </ci>
        </apply>  
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            <apply>
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                <ci> V1_LH </ci>
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                  <ci> h </ci>
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                  <ci> Km_LH </ci>
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              <ci> Ki_LHP </ci>
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        </apply>
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        <eq/>
        <ci> rel_LH_E2_P4_RP_LH </ci>
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            <times/>
            <ci> kLH_rel </ci>
            <apply>
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                <times/>
                <ci> CLH_P </ci>
                <ci> P4 </ci>
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  <component cmeta:id="LH" name="LH">
     
    <variable units="microg_l" name="LH" initial_value="40.0"/> 
    <variable units="litre" name="v_dit" initial_value="2.5"/>
    <variable units="microg_l_day" name="clear_LH"/>
    <variable units="first_order_rate_constant" name="kLH_cl" initial_value="14.0"/>
    
    <variable units="microg_day" public_interface="in" name="rel_LH_E2_P4_RP_LH"/>
    <variable units="day" public_interface="in" name="time"/> 
    
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        <eq/> 
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            <ci>time</ci>
          </bvar> 
          <ci> LH </ci> 
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        <apply>
          <minus/>
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            <ci> rel_LH_E2_P4_RP_LH </ci>
            <ci> v_dit </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> clear_LH </ci>
        </apply>   
      </apply>

      <apply id="clear_LH_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> clear_LH </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> kLH_cl </ci>
          <ci> LH </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math> 
  </component>

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    <variable units="microg_day" public_interface="out" name="rel_FSH_E2_P4_RP_FSH"/>
    
    <variable units="microg" name="RP_FSH" initial_value="0.0"/> 
    <variable units="microg_day" name="syn_FSH_Ih"/>
    <variable units="microg_day" name="V_FSH" initial_value="4400.0"/>
    <variable units="U_L" name="Ki_FSH_Ih" initial_value="1176.5"/>
    <variable units="first_order_rate_constant" name="kFSH_rel" initial_value="45.0"/>
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    <variable units="U_L" public_interface="in" name="Ih_dIh"/>
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          <ci> rel_FSH_E2_P4_RP_FSH </ci>
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  <component cmeta:id="FSH" name="FSH">
     
    <variable units="microg_l" name="FSH" initial_value="150.0"/> 
    <variable units="litre" name="v_dis" initial_value="2.5"/>
    <variable units="microg_l_day" name="clear_FSH"/>
    <variable units="first_order_rate_constant" name="kFSH_cl" initial_value="8.21"/>
    
    <variable units="microg_day" public_interface="in" name="rel_FSH_E2_P4_RP_FSH"/>
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    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> 
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        <eq/> 
        <apply>
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          <bvar>
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          <ci> FSH </ci> 
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          <apply>
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            <ci> rel_FSH_E2_P4_RP_FSH </ci>
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          <ci> clear_FSH </ci>
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      </apply>

      <apply id="clear_FSH_calculation">
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        <ci> clear_FSH </ci>
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          <ci> kFSH_cl </ci>
          <ci> FSH </ci>
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    </math> 
  </component>

  <component cmeta:id="E2" name="E2">
     
    <variable units="ng_L" public_interface="out" name="E2"/> 
    
    <variable units="day" public_interface="in" name="time"/> 
    
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  <component cmeta:id="P4" name="P4">
     
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    <variable units="day" public_interface="in" name="time"/> 
    
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                <cn cellml:units="day2"> 18.0 </cn>
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    <variable units="nmol_L" public_interface="out" name="P4_dP"/> 
    
    <variable units="day" name="dP" initial_value="2.9"/>  
    
    <variable units="day" public_interface="in" name="time"/> 
    
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    <variable units="U_L" public_interface="out" name="Ih"/> 
    
    <variable units="day" public_interface="in" name="time"/> 
    
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  <component cmeta:id="Ih_dIh" name="Ih_dIh">
     
    <variable units="U_L" public_interface="out" name="Ih_dIh"/> 
    
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        <ci> Ih_dIh </ci> 
        <apply>
          <plus/>
          <cn cellml:units="U_L"> 300.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <cn cellml:units="U_L"> 1330.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <power/>
                    <apply>
                      <minus/>
                      <ci> time </ci>
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                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="day"> 7.0 </cn>
                        <ci> dIh </ci>
                      </apply>
                    </apply>
                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="day2"> 19.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
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        </apply>
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    </math> 
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  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="RP_LH"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="LH"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="RP_FSH"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="FSH"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="E2"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="P4"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ih"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="E2_dE"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="P4_dP"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ih_dIh"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="E2" component_1="RP_LH"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="E2" variable_1="E2"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="P4" component_1="RP_LH"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="P4" variable_1="P4"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="E2_dE" component_1="RP_LH"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="E2_dE" variable_1="E2_dE"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="P4_dP" component_1="RP_LH"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="P4_dP" variable_1="P4_dP"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="RP_LH" component_1="LH"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="rel_LH_E2_P4_RP_LH" variable_1="rel_LH_E2_P4_RP_LH"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="E2" component_1="RP_FSH"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="E2" variable_1="E2"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="P4" component_1="RP_FSH"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="P4" variable_1="P4"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="Ih_dIh" component_1="RP_FSH"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="Ih_dIh" variable_1="Ih_dIh"/>
  </connection>

  <connection>
    <map_components component_2="RP_FSH" component_1="FSH"/>
    <map_variables variable_2="rel_FSH_E2_P4_RP_FSH" variable_1="rel_FSH_E2_P4_RP_FSH"/>
  </connection>

<rdf:RDF>
  <rdf:Bag rdf:about="rdf:#0b6686e8-5ac8-44f2-9816-27fcf4e68165">
    <rdf:li>endocrine</rdf:li>
    <rdf:li>pituitary</rdf:li>
    <rdf:li>hypothalamus</rdf:li>
    <rdf:li>gonadotropin</rdf:li>
  </rdf:Bag>
  <rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#35c8354d-158b-4cbe-b878-e75c1d42c85f">
    <rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#e2de3cc8-a037-46f2-bde1-604a9e1ad164"/>
    <rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#7e606991-0fcd-40f9-9082-64640bc93a37"/>
  </rdf:Seq>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="#schlosser_model_2000">
    <dc:title>
        Schlosser and Selgrade's 2000 mathematical model of gonadotropin regulation during the menstrual cycle in women.
      </dc:title>
    <cmeta:bio_entity>hypothalamus</cmeta:bio_entity>
    <cmeta:bio_entity>pituitary</cmeta:bio_entity>
    <cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#fed374f0-f025-461b-9be0-6487f5b0dce1"/>
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  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="">
    <dc:publisher>The University of Auckland, Bioengineering Institute</dc:publisher>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c69de7a0-7b65-4108-b924-b5a390c82452">
    <dc:subject rdf:resource="rdf:#20cea6d3-07c4-4d08-8f67-fe8963b9022a"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#917f21c2-1949-43a5-9ae6-78ff3977893e">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-06-20T00:00:00+00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="/E2_dE">
    <dcterms:alternative>estradiol concentration at a time with a delay</dcterms:alternative>
    <dc:title>E2_dE</dc:title>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#edc00eb0-829e-44fb-acf3-b19425209572">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2000-00-00 00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c0b0645f-c1dc-455d-884e-49d5b3ef237c">
    <vCard:FN>Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a2d79fe0-89ea-4916-b548-302210c6ca5b">
    <vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#19e34591-e5a6-43ac-b207-2c1aa748a268">
    <vCard:FN>Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e2de3cc8-a037-46f2-bde1-604a9e1ad164">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#1f95c1f7-bdff-4de8-99d7-c5a33b4da5a3"/>
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  </rdf:Description>
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    <bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type>
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  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a44517cc-ba86-42d3-b2e7-ea4295bf8836">
    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-09-05T15:07:12+12:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a000630e-c038-4f3f-8e9d-57c8fbeec9f2">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/>
    <rdf:value>c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="/Ih">
    <dcterms:alternative>inhibin</dcterms:alternative>
    <dc:title>Ih</dc:title>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#10cb8846-a0c7-4998-9d5a-a46e4b00a219">
    <vCard:Orgname>The University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
    <vCard:Orgunit>The Bioengineering Institute</vCard:Orgunit>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#fed374f0-f025-461b-9be0-6487f5b0dce1">
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#19e34591-e5a6-43ac-b207-2c1aa748a268"/>
    <rdf:value>This is the CellML description of Schlosser and Selgrade's 2000 mathematical model of gonadotropin regulation during the menstrual cycle in women.</rdf:value>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1f95c1f7-bdff-4de8-99d7-c5a33b4da5a3">
    <vCard:Given>Paul</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Schlosser</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>M</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#466b9645-3186-449c-af00-9573abcf9c34">
    <vCard:ORG rdf:resource="rdf:#10cb8846-a0c7-4998-9d5a-a46e4b00a219"/>
    <vCard:EMAIL rdf:resource="rdf:#a000630e-c038-4f3f-8e9d-57c8fbeec9f2"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#51395f54-d313-423a-889b-75499a8172b6"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="/LH">
    <dcterms:alternative>blood concentration of luteinizing hormone</dcterms:alternative>
    <dc:title>LH</dc:title>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d71b2624-5216-45b6-9760-020044854e33">
    <bqs:Pubmed_id>11035997</bqs:Pubmed_id>
    <bqs:JournalArticle rdf:resource="rdf:#2d5edae1-9153-47cb-9c89-815d5cde54d5"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="/P4_dP">
    <dcterms:alternative>progesterone concentration at a time with a delay</dcterms:alternative>
    <dc:title>P4_dP</dc:title>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="/Ih_dIh">
    <dcterms:alternative>inhibin concentration at a time with a delay</dcterms:alternative>
    <dc:title>Ih_dIh</dc:title>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="/FSH">
    <dcterms:alternative>blood concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone</dcterms:alternative>
    <dc:title>FSH</dc:title>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#51395f54-d313-423a-889b-75499a8172b6">
    <vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="/E2">
    <dcterms:alternative>estradiol</dcterms:alternative>
    <dc:title>E2</dc:title>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2d5edae1-9153-47cb-9c89-815d5cde54d5">
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#35c8354d-158b-4cbe-b878-e75c1d42c85f"/>
    <dc:title>A model of gonadotropin regulation during the menstrual cycle in women: qualitative features</dc:title>
    <bqs:volume>108</bqs:volume>
    <bqs:first_page>873</bqs:first_page>
    <bqs:Journal rdf:resource="rdf:#7844d7b4-ac0f-421c-ae2d-a13b9823af30"/>
    <dcterms:issued rdf:resource="rdf:#edc00eb0-829e-44fb-acf3-b19425209572"/>
    <bqs:last_page>881</bqs:last_page>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9d221d5a-9c16-4657-81d8-c6cbcac61b51">
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#c0b0645f-c1dc-455d-884e-49d5b3ef237c"/>
    <rdf:value>The units are consistent and the model runs in PCEnv to give the published results - one note: to recreate all the published results will require different variants of the model (or CellML1.1 to import different initial conditions and parameter values) because the conditions for each result were different.</rdf:value>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e4f15ea8-d106-4661-8f41-6a682edaf58b">
    <dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#a44517cc-ba86-42d3-b2e7-ea4295bf8836"/>
    <rdf:value>I've run the model in COR and in the process corrected all the units such that they are now consistent.  I also altered a couple of the equations - in this case CellML could handle the time delays because they were fixed - and the model now runs in PCEnv to give the published results.</rdf:value>
    <cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#b8d78f4e-21cc-47f8-a916-a567a6729f6b"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="/RP_LH">
    <dcterms:alternative>releasable pool of luteinizing hormone</dcterms:alternative>
    <dc:title>RP_LH</dc:title>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7844d7b4-ac0f-421c-ae2d-a13b9823af30">
    <dc:title>Environmental Health Perspectives</dc:title>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="/P4">
    <dcterms:alternative>progesterone</dcterms:alternative>
    <dc:title>P4</dc:title>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="/RP_FSH">
    <dcterms:alternative>releasable pool of follicle-stimulating hormone</dcterms:alternative>
    <dc:title>RP_FSH</dc:title>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7e606991-0fcd-40f9-9082-64640bc93a37">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
    <vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#65e73e4c-3c94-44c4-9f23-8eef5a0c8cd7"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#65e73e4c-3c94-44c4-9f23-8eef5a0c8cd7">
    <vCard:Given>James</vCard:Given>
    <vCard:Family>Selgrade</vCard:Family>
    <vCard:Other>F</vCard:Other>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</model>