<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!--
This CellML file was generated on 30/03/2010 at 12:44:59 at p.m. using:
COR (0.9.31.1371)
Copyright 2002-2010 Dr Alan Garny
http://cor.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - cor@physiol.ox.ac.uk
CellML 1.0 was used to generate this model
http://www.cellml.org/
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" cmeta:id="liu_model_1999" name="liu_model_1999">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Mathematical modeling and qualitative analysis of insulin therapies</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This CellML model runs in PCenv, COR and OpenCell to recreate the published results. The initial conditions were not explicitly defined in the paper, but were extrapolated from Table 1 and Figure 2. The model was then run until it reached a steady state, and new intial values were taken from the steady state.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
ABSTRACT: We propose a dynamical model for the pulsatile secretion of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. This model takes into account both the binding of hormone with proteins in the plasma and tissues and mutual interactions of the hormones in the system. The deductions from
this model are in good agreement with experiment results.
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_reaction_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>model diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="liu_1999.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>Schematic diagram of the hormone flow and interactions between the different components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis which are described by the mathematical model. CRH represents corticotropin releasing hormone, ACTH represents corticotropin, and CBG is corticosteroid binding globulin. Red arrows represent hormone disposal, while black arrows represent flow between the different glands and plasma. + represents a stimulatory effect while - represents an inhibitory effect.</caption>
</informalfigure>
<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
A dynamical model for the pulsatile secretion of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, Yi-Wei Liu, Zhi-Hong Hu, Jian-Hua Peng, and Bing-Zheng Liu, 1999, Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 29 (Issue 4), 103-110. (No Pubmed ID)
</para>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<units name="minute">
<unit multiplier="60" units="second"/>
</units>
<units name="microg_l">
<unit prefix="micro" units="gram"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="litre"/>
</units>
<units name="per_microg_l">
<unit exponent="-1" units="microg_l"/>
</units>
<units name="per_microg_l2">
<unit exponent="-2" units="microg_l"/>
</units>
<units name="flux">
<unit units="microg_l"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
</units>
<units name="first_order_rate_constant">
<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
</units>
<units name="second_order_rate_constant">
<unit exponent="-1" units="microg_l"/>
<unit exponent="-1" units="minute"/>
</units>
<component name="environment">
<variable cmeta:id="environment_time" name="time" public_interface="out" units="minute"/>
</component>
<component name="x1">
<variable cmeta:id="x1_x1" initial_value="0.01067" name="x1" public_interface="out" units="microg_l"/>
<variable name="lambda_1" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="x3" public_interface="in" units="microg_l"/>
<variable name="a1" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="a2" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="a3" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="a4" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="a5" public_interface="in" units="per_microg_l"/>
<variable name="a6" public_interface="in" units="per_microg_l2"/>
<variable name="a7" public_interface="in" units="per_microg_l"/>
<variable name="a8" public_interface="in" units="per_microg_l2"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="minute"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>x1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>a1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>a2</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a3</ci>
<ci>x1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a4</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>x1</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a5</ci>
<ci>x1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a6</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>x1</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a7</ci>
<ci>x3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a8</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>x3</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>lambda_1</ci>
<ci>x1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="x2">
<variable cmeta:id="x2_x2" initial_value="0.04665" name="x2" public_interface="out" units="microg_l"/>
<variable name="lambda_2" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="x1" public_interface="in" units="microg_l"/>
<variable name="x3" public_interface="in" units="microg_l"/>
<variable name="a9" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="a10" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="a11" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="a12" public_interface="in" units="per_microg_l"/>
<variable name="a13" public_interface="in" units="per_microg_l2"/>
<variable name="a14" public_interface="in" units="per_microg_l"/>
<variable name="a15" public_interface="in" units="per_microg_l2"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="minute"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>x2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>a9</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a10</ci>
<ci>x1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a11</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>x1</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a12</ci>
<ci>x1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a13</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>x1</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a14</ci>
<ci>x3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a15</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>x3</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>lambda_2</ci>
<ci>x2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="x3">
<variable cmeta:id="x3_x3" initial_value="6.51" name="x3" public_interface="out" units="microg_l"/>
<variable name="lambda_3_" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="x1" public_interface="in" units="microg_l"/>
<variable name="x2" public_interface="in" units="microg_l"/>
<variable name="x4" public_interface="in" units="microg_l"/>
<variable name="x5" public_interface="in" units="microg_l"/>
<variable name="a16" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="a17" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="a18" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="a19" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="a20" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="a21" public_interface="in" units="per_microg_l"/>
<variable name="a22" public_interface="in" units="per_microg_l2"/>
<variable name="a23" public_interface="in" units="per_microg_l"/>
<variable name="a24" public_interface="in" units="per_microg_l2"/>
<variable name="a25" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="a26" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="minute"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>x3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>a16</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a17</ci>
<ci>x1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a18</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>x1</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a19</ci>
<ci>x2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a20</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>x2</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a21</ci>
<ci>x1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a22</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>x1</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a23</ci>
<ci>x2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a24</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>x2</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a25</ci>
<ci>x4</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a26</ci>
<ci>x5</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>lambda_3_</ci>
<ci>x3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="x4">
<variable cmeta:id="x4_x4" initial_value="60.61" name="x4" public_interface="out" units="microg_l"/>
<variable name="lambda_4_" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="x3" public_interface="in" units="microg_l"/>
<variable name="a27" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="minute"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>x4</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a27</ci>
<ci>x3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>lambda_4_</ci>
<ci>x4</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="x5">
<variable cmeta:id="x5_x5" initial_value="12.61" name="x5" public_interface="out" units="microg_l"/>
<variable name="lambda_5_" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="x3" public_interface="in" units="microg_l"/>
<variable name="a28" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="minute"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>x5</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a28</ci>
<ci>x3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>lambda_5_</ci>
<ci>x5</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="model_parameters">
<variable initial_value="0.000017" name="a1" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0023" name="a2" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="0.6" name="a3" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="45" name="a4" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="36" name="a5" public_interface="out" units="per_microg_l"/>
<variable initial_value="216" name="a6" public_interface="out" units="per_microg_l2"/>
<variable initial_value="0.28" name="a7" public_interface="out" units="per_microg_l"/>
<variable initial_value="0.36" name="a8" public_interface="out" units="per_microg_l2"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0003" name="a9" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="0.18" name="a10" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="150" name="a11" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="18" name="a12" public_interface="out" units="per_microg_l"/>
<variable initial_value="460" name="a13" public_interface="out" units="per_microg_l2"/>
<variable initial_value="0.46" name="a14" public_interface="out" units="per_microg_l"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="a15" public_interface="out" units="per_microg_l2"/>
<variable initial_value="0.04" name="a16" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="150" name="a17" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="3800" name="a18" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="57" name="a19" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="2600" name="a20" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="200" name="a21" public_interface="out" units="per_microg_l"/>
<variable initial_value="9400" name="a22" public_interface="out" units="per_microg_l2"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="a23" public_interface="out" units="per_microg_l"/>
<variable initial_value="320" name="a24" public_interface="out" units="per_microg_l2"/>
<variable initial_value="0.04" name="a25" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.00097" name="a26" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.57" name="a27" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0017" name="a28" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.059" name="lambda_1" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.028" name="lambda_2" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="lambda_3_" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="lambda_4_" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="lambda_5_" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0986" name="lambda_3" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.024" name="lambda_4" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="3e-5" name="lambda_5" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>lambda_3_</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>lambda_3</ci>
<ci>a27</ci>
<ci>a28</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>lambda_4_</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>lambda_4</ci>
<ci>a25</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>lambda_5_</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>lambda_5</ci>
<ci>a26</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="x1" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="x2" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="x3" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="x4" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="x5" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="x1" component_2="x3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="x1" variable_2="x1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="x3" variable_2="x3"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="x1" component_2="x2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="x1" variable_2="x1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="x1" component_2="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a1" variable_2="a1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a2" variable_2="a2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a3" variable_2="a3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a4" variable_2="a4"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a5" variable_2="a5"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a6" variable_2="a6"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a7" variable_2="a7"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a8" variable_2="a8"/>
<map_variables variable_1="lambda_1" variable_2="lambda_1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="x2" component_2="x3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="x2" variable_2="x2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="x3" variable_2="x3"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="x2" component_2="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a9" variable_2="a9"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a10" variable_2="a10"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a11" variable_2="a11"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a12" variable_2="a12"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a13" variable_2="a13"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a14" variable_2="a14"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a15" variable_2="a15"/>
<map_variables variable_1="lambda_2" variable_2="lambda_2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="x4" component_2="x3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="x4" variable_2="x4"/>
<map_variables variable_1="x3" variable_2="x3"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="x5" component_2="x3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="x5" variable_2="x5"/>
<map_variables variable_1="x3" variable_2="x3"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="x3" component_2="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a16" variable_2="a16"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a17" variable_2="a17"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a18" variable_2="a18"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a19" variable_2="a19"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a20" variable_2="a20"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a21" variable_2="a21"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a22" variable_2="a22"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a23" variable_2="a23"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a24" variable_2="a24"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a25" variable_2="a25"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a26" variable_2="a26"/>
<map_variables variable_1="lambda_3_" variable_2="lambda_3_"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="x4" component_2="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a27" variable_2="a27"/>
<map_variables variable_1="lambda_4_" variable_2="lambda_4_"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="x5" component_2="model_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a28" variable_2="a28"/>
<map_variables variable_1="lambda_5_" variable_2="lambda_5_"/>
</connection>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n1"><Family xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Lloyd</Family><Given xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Catherine</Given><Other xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">May</Other></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n2"><creator xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n3"/></creator><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
This is a CellML description of Liu et al's 1999 mathematical model for the pulsatile secretion of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
</rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n4"><subject_type xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">keyword</subject_type><rdf:value><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n5"/></rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n3"><FN xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Catherine Lloyd</FN></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n6"><boundIntervals xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n7"/></boundIntervals></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n8"><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n9"/></N></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n10"><rdf:_2><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n11"/></rdf:_2><rdf:_4><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n12"/></rdf:_4><rdf:type><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Seq"/></rdf:type><rdf:_3><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n13"/></rdf:_3><rdf:_1><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n14"/></rdf:_1></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n15"><JournalArticle xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n16"/></JournalArticle></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="#x1"><alternative xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">CRH</alternative><alternative xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">corticotropin-releasing hormone</alternative><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">x1</title></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n17"><Family xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Peng</Family><Given xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Jian-Hua</Given></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n18"><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n17"/></N></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="#x5"><alternative xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">albumin-bound cortisol</alternative><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">x5</title></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n19"><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">
Mathematical and Computer Modelling
</title></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n20"><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n21"/></N></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n22"><Orgunit xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">The Bioengineering Institute</Orgunit><Orgname xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">The University of Auckland</Orgname></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n23"><W3CDTF xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">1999-02</W3CDTF></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="#x4"><alternative xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">CBG-bound cortisol</alternative><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">x4</title></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n14"><Person xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n8"/></Person></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about=""><created xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n24"/></created><publisher xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">
The University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute
</publisher><creator xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n25"/></creator></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n21"><Family xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Liu</Family><Given xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Bing-Zheng</Given></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n5"><rdf:_2 xml:lang="en">endocrine</rdf:_2><rdf:_4 xml:lang="en">HPA axis</rdf:_4><rdf:_6 xml:lang="en">hpa axis</rdf:_6><rdf:_5 xml:lang="en">hypothalamus</rdf:_5><rdf:_7 xml:lang="en">anterior pituitary</rdf:_7><rdf:type><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Bag"/></rdf:type><rdf:_3 xml:lang="en">adrenal cortex</rdf:_3><rdf:_1 xml:lang="en">cortisol</rdf:_1></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n26"><subject xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n4"/></subject></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n27"><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n28"/></N></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n11"><Person xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n27"/></Person></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n24"><W3CDTF xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">2007-07-13</W3CDTF></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="#x2"><alternative xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">ACTH</alternative><alternative xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">corticotropin</alternative><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">x2</title></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n9"><Family xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Liu</Family><Given xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Yi-Wei</Given></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n28"><Family xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Hu</Family><Given xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Zhi-Hong</Given></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n13"><Person xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n18"/></Person></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n16"><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">
A dynamical model for the pulsatile secretion of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis
</title><creator xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n10"/></creator><last_page xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">110</last_page><first_page xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">103</first_page><issue xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">4</issue><issued xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n23"/></issued><Journal xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n19"/></Journal><volume xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">29</volume></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n12"><Person xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n20"/></Person></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="#x3"><alternative xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">free cortisol</alternative><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">x3</title></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n29"><rdf:type><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/></rdf:type><rdf:value xml:lang="en">c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n7"><rdf:first><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n30"/></rdf:first><rdf:rest><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/></rdf:rest></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n30"><maximumStepSize xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" xml:lang="en">0.1</maximumStepSize><endingValue xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" xml:lang="en">10000</endingValue><pointDensity xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#nonstandard-" xml:lang="en">100000</pointDensity></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="#liu_model_1999"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n2"/></cmeta:comment><simulation xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n6"/></simulation><reference xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n26"/></reference><reference xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n15"/></reference><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">
Liu et al's 1999 mathematical model for the pulsatile secretion of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
</title></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n25"><EMAIL xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n29"/></EMAIL><ORG xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n22"/></ORG><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n1"/></N></rdf:Description></rdf:RDF></model>