<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!-- FILE : dash_model_2004.xml
CREATED : 5th July 2007
LAST MODIFIED : 5th July 2007
AUTHOR : Catherine Lloyd
Bioengineering Institute
The University of Auckland
MODEL STATUS : This model conforms to the CellML 1.1 Specification.
DESCRIPTION : This file contains a CellML description of a reduced version of Dash and Bassingthwaighte's 2004 mathematical model for O2 and CO2 saturations of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
CHANGES:
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" cmeta:id="dash_model_2004" name="dash_model_2004">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Blood HbO2 and HbCO2 Dissociation Curves at Varies O2, CO2, pH, 2,3-DPG and Temperature Levels</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This particular CellML description of the Dash-Bassingthwaighte model is a reduced version of the complete model. It requires extensive curation as it currently cannot be solved in either OpenCell or COR. Since this model was translated the authors have published an updated, corrected model (corrected and republished in: Ann Biomed Eng. 2010 Apr;38(4):1683-701). We intend to use this new model as the basis for the next translation.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
ABSTRACT: New mathematical model equations for O2 and CO2 saturations of hemoglobin (S(HbO2) and S(HbCO2)) are developed here from the equilibrium binding of O2 and CO2 with hemoglobin inside RBCs. They are in the form of an invertible Hill-type equation with the apparent Hill coefficients K(HbO2) and K(HbCO2) in the expressions for S(HbO2) and S(HbCO2) dependent on the levels of O2 and CO2 partial pressures (P(O2) and P(CO2), pH, 2,3-DPG concentration, and temperature in blood. The invertibility of these new equations allows P(O2) and P(CO2) to be computed efficiently from S(HbO2) and S(Hbco2) and vice-versa. The oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and carbamino-hemoglobin (HbCO2) dissociation curves computed from these equations are in good agreement with the published experimental and theoretical curves in the literature. The model solutions describe that, at standard physiological conditions, the hemoglobin is about 97.2% saturated by O2 and the amino group of hemoglobin is about 13.1% saturated by CO2. The O2 and CO2 content in whole blood are also calculated here from the gas solubilities, hematocrits, and the new formulas for S(HbO2) and S(HbCO2). Because of the mathematical simplicity and invertibility, these new formulas can be conveniently used in the modeling of simultaneous transport and exchange of O2 and CO2 in the alveoli-blood and blood-tissue exchange systems.
</para>
<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
Blood HbO2 and HbCO2 dissociation curves at varied O2, CO2, pH, 2,3-DPG and temperature levels, Ranjan K. Dash and James B. Bassingthwaighte, 2004, <emphasis>Annals of Biomedical Engineering</emphasis>, 32, 1676-1693. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=15682524&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum">PubMed ID: 15682524</ulink>
</para>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<units name="mmHg">
<unit units="pascal" multiplier="133.3223684211"/>
</units>
<units name="molar">
<unit units="mole"/>
<unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="per_molar">
<unit units="molar" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="nanomolar">
<unit units="molar" prefix="nano"/>
</units>
<units name="micromolar">
<unit units="molar" prefix="micro"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar">
<unit units="molar" prefix="milli"/>
</units>
<units name="ml_ml">
<unit units="litre" prefix="milli"/>
<unit units="litre" prefix="milli" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="M_mmHg">
<unit units="molar"/>
<unit units="mmHg" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="celsius_1">
<unit units="celsius" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="celsius_2">
<unit units="celsius" exponent="-2"/>
</units>
<units name="M_mmHg_ml_ml">
<unit units="M_mmHg"/>
<unit units="ml_ml" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units base_units="yes" name="pH"/>
<component cmeta:id="SHbO2" name="SHbO2">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="SHbO2"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="KHbO2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="O2"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> SHbO2 </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KHbO2 </ci>
<ci> O2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KHbO2 </ci>
<ci> O2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="SHbCO2" name="SHbCO2">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="SHbCO2"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="KHbCO2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="CO2"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> SHbCO2 </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KHbCO2 </ci>
<ci> CO2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KHbCO2 </ci>
<ci> CO2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="KHbO2" name="KHbO2">
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="out" name="KHbO2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="CO2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="Hrbc"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="K2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="K2_"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="K3"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="K3_"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="K4"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="K5_"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="K6_"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> KHbO2 </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K4 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K3 </ci>
<ci> CO2 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> K3_ </ci>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
<ci> K6_ </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K2 </ci>
<ci> CO2 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> K2_ </ci>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
<ci> K5_ </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="KHbCO2" name="KHbCO2">
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="out" name="KHbCO2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="O2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="Hrbc"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="K2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="K2_"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="K3"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="K3_"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="K4"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="K5_"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="K6_"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> KHbCO2 </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K2 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> K2_ </ci>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K3 </ci>
<ci> K4 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> K3_ </ci>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> O2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
<ci> K5_ </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K4 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
<ci> K6_ </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> O2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="K4" name="K4">
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="out" name="K4"/>
<variable units="micromolar" public_interface="in" name="O2_S"/>
<variable units="nanomolar" public_interface="in" name="H_S"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="n1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="n2"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="CO2_S"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="K4_"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="n0"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="O2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="CO2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="Hrbc"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> K4 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K4_ </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> O2 </ci>
<ci> O2_S </ci>
</apply>
<ci> n0 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
<ci> H_S </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> n1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> CO2 </ci>
<ci> CO2_S </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> n2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="O2" name="O2">
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="O2"/>
<variable units="M_mmHg" public_interface="in" name="alpha_O2"/>
<variable units="mmHg" public_interface="in" name="PO2"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> O2 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_O2 </ci>
<ci> PO2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="CO2" name="CO2">
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="CO2"/>
<variable units="M_mmHg" public_interface="in" name="alpha_CO2"/>
<variable units="mmHg" public_interface="in" name="PCO2"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> CO2 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_CO2 </ci>
<ci> PCO2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="alpha_O2" name="alpha_O2">
<variable units="M_mmHg" public_interface="out" name="alpha_O2"/>
<variable units="ml_ml" public_interface="in" name="Wpl"/>
<variable units="celsius" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_O2 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.37 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="celsius_1"> 0.0137 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> T </ci>
<cn cellml:units="celsius"> 37.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="celsius_2"> 0.00058 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> T </ci>
<cn cellml:units="celsius"> 37.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="M_mmHg_ml_ml"> 1E-6 </cn>
<ci> Wpl </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="alpha_CO2" name="alpha_CO2">
<variable units="M_mmHg" public_interface="out" name="alpha_CO2"/>
<variable units="ml_ml" public_interface="in" name="Wpl"/>
<variable units="celsius" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_CO2 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.07 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="celsius_1"> 0.057 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> T </ci>
<cn cellml:units="celsius"> 37.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="celsius_2"> 0.002 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> T </ci>
<cn cellml:units="celsius"> 37.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="M_mmHg_ml_ml"> 1E-5 </cn>
<ci> Wpl </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="model_parameters">
<variable units="ml_ml" public_interface="out" name="Wpl" initial_value="0.94"/>
<variable units="celsius" public_interface="out" name="T" initial_value="37.0"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="out" name="K2" initial_value="29.5"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="K2_" initial_value="1E-6"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="out" name="K3" initial_value="25.1"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="K3_" initial_value="1E-6"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="out" name="K4_" initial_value="202123.0"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="K5_" initial_value="2.63E-8"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="K6_" initial_value="1.91E-8"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Rrbc" initial_value="0.69"/>
<variable units="micromolar" public_interface="out" name="O2_S" initial_value="146.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="CO2_S" initial_value="1.31"/>
<variable units="nanomolar" public_interface="out" name="H_S" initial_value="57.5"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="n0" initial_value="1.7"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="n1" initial_value="1.06"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="n2" initial_value="0.12"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="Hrbc"/>
<variable units="mmHg" public_interface="out" name="PO2" initial_value="100.0"/>
<variable units="mmHg" public_interface="out" name="PCO2" initial_value="40.0"/>
<variable units="molar" name="Hpl"/>
<variable units="pH" name="pHpl" initial_value="7.24"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> Hpl </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<cn cellml:units="molar"> 10.0 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> pHpl </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Hpl </ci>
<ci> Rrbc </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="KHbO2" component_1="SHbO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="KHbO2" variable_1="KHbO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="O2" component_1="SHbO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="O2" variable_1="O2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="KHbCO2" component_1="SHbCO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="KHbCO2" variable_1="KHbCO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="CO2" component_1="SHbCO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CO2" variable_1="CO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="KHbO2" component_1="CO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CO2" variable_1="CO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="KHbO2" component_1="K4"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K4" variable_1="K4"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="model_parameters" component_1="KHbO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Hrbc" variable_1="Hrbc"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K2" variable_1="K2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K2_" variable_1="K2_"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K3" variable_1="K3"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K3_" variable_1="K3_"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K5_" variable_1="K5_"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K6_" variable_1="K6_"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="KHbCO2" component_1="O2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="O2" variable_1="O2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="K4" component_1="O2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="O2" variable_1="O2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="K4" component_1="CO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CO2" variable_1="CO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="KHbCO2" component_1="K4"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K4" variable_1="K4"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="model_parameters" component_1="KHbCO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Hrbc" variable_1="Hrbc"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K2" variable_1="K2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K2_" variable_1="K2_"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K3" variable_1="K3"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K3_" variable_1="K3_"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K5_" variable_1="K5_"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K6_" variable_1="K6_"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="alpha_O2" component_1="O2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="alpha_O2" variable_1="alpha_O2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="model_parameters" component_1="O2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="PO2" variable_1="PO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="alpha_CO2" component_1="CO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="alpha_CO2" variable_1="alpha_CO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="model_parameters" component_1="CO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="PCO2" variable_1="PCO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="model_parameters" component_1="K4"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Hrbc" variable_1="Hrbc"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K4_" variable_1="K4_"/>
<map_variables variable_2="H_S" variable_1="H_S"/>
<map_variables variable_2="n0" variable_1="n0"/>
<map_variables variable_2="n1" variable_1="n1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="n2" variable_1="n2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="O2_S" variable_1="O2_S"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CO2_S" variable_1="CO2_S"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="model_parameters" component_1="alpha_O2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Wpl" variable_1="Wpl"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="model_parameters" component_1="alpha_CO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Wpl" variable_1="Wpl"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
</connection>
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Bag rdf:about="rdf:#24cd48f0-a182-41f9-8a88-8ef46c364c65">
<rdf:li>oxygen</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>carbon dioxide</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>hemoglobin</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>lungs</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>gas exchange</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>red blood cell</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>metabolism</rdf:li>
</rdf:Bag>
<rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#36ca91b9-04ec-4308-b522-804545204f15">
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#80843564-37a6-425f-99a9-c704b4a64daa"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#2e02e117-f5b8-4e10-9eac-df4f718705ed"/>
</rdf:Seq>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#dash_model_2004">
<dc:title>
A reduced version of Dash and Bassingthwaighte's 2004 mathematical model for O2 and CO2 saturations of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
</dc:title>
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#de2a6f73-839d-4440-88a9-700b02bd8ed7"/>
<bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#beb1441d-c54d-4c06-bddc-dbd0aa4dff9b"/>
<bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#e95845db-f679-4ac9-8b47-d604ea3d5381"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="">
<dc:publisher>The University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute</dc:publisher>
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<dcterms:created rdf:resource="rdf:#2f5ee5c0-8357-4737-be7a-6acd5b9d4283"/>
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<dcterms:alternative>solubility of oxygen in water</dcterms:alternative>
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<vCard:FN>Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
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<vCard:Given>James</vCard:Given>
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<dcterms:alternative>fractional oxygen saturation of hemoglobin</dcterms:alternative>
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<rdf:value>This is the CellML description of a reduced version of Dash and Bassingthwaighte's 2004 mathematical model for O2 and CO2 saturations of hemoglobin in red blood cells.</rdf:value>
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<dcterms:alternative>carbon dioxide concentration</dcterms:alternative>
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<vCard:Orgname>The University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
<vCard:Orgunit>Auckland Bioengineering Institute</vCard:Orgunit>
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<vCard:Given>Ranjan</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Dash</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>K</vCard:Other>
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<vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
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<vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
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<dc:title>Annals of Biomedical Engineering</dc:title>
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<dcterms:alternative>solubility of carbon dioxide in water</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:title>alpha_CO2</dc:title>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-09-01T00:00:00+00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<bqs:Pubmed_id>15682524</bqs:Pubmed_id>
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<dcterms:alternative>Hill coefficient for the carbon dioxide saturation of hemoglobin</dcterms:alternative>
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<dc:title>Blood HbO2 and HbCO2 dissociation curves at varied O2, CO2, pH, 2,3-DPG and temperature levels</dc:title>
<bqs:volume>32</bqs:volume>
<bqs:first_page>1676</bqs:first_page>
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<bqs:last_page>1693</bqs:last_page>
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<dcterms:alternative>Hill coefficient for the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:title>KHbO2</dc:title>
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<dcterms:alternative>equilibruim constant for association and dissociation of oxygen with HmNH2</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:title>K4</dc:title>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2004-12-00 00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<dcterms:alternative>oxygen concentration</dcterms:alternative>
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<dcterms:alternative>fractional carbon dioxide saturation of hemoglobin</dcterms:alternative>
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