<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!--
This CellML file was generated on 02/10/2007 at 17:26:58 using:
COR (0.9.31.793)
Copyright 2002-2007 Dr Alan Garny
http://COR.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - COR@physiol.ox.ac.uk
CellML 1.0 was used to generate this cellular model
http://www.CellML.org/
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" cmeta:id="noble_noble_2001" name="noble_noble_2001">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Noble Ventricular Cell Model 1998</title>
<author>
<firstname>Penny</firstname>
<surname>Noble</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Oxford University</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This version of the model has been curated and unit checked and is known to run in PCEnv, COR and Jsim. A PCEnv session file is also available for this model.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
The Noble98 (Noble et al. 1998) model of the guinea-pig ventricular cell was a development of the Noble91 (Noble et al. 1991) model and included representation of the components of IK, (IKr and IKs), the persistent sodium current and a dyadic space between the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In several important respects this model was a major improvement on the earlier model. However on rigorous testing for new applications problems associated with the calcium dynamics equations were found in the new model.
The model demonstrated here is an attempt at 'correcting' the inability of Noble98 to reproduce a mechanism of initiation of Early After-Depolarizations (EADs), the voltage-dependence of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and also to improve the shape of the calcium transient.
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_reaction_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>model diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="noble_2001.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>Schematic diagram of the cell model.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
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<variable name="alpha_xs" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_xs" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_xs</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">14</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">9</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_xs</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">45</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xs</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_xs</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>xs</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_xs</ci>
<ci>xs</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current">
<variable cmeta:id="fast_sodium_current_i_Na" name="i_Na" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="g_Na" units="microS"/>
<variable name="E_mh" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="m" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="h" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Na</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>m</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>h</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_mh</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_m_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.00157541794600382" name="m" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_m" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_m" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable initial_value="1e-5" name="delta_m" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="E0_m" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">41</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">2000</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
</apply>
<ci>delta_m</ci>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">200</cn>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>E0_m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">8000</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.056</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">66</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_h_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.99465397024286" name="h" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_h" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_h" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="shift_h" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">20</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.125</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
<ci>shift_h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">2000</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">320</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
<ci>shift_h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="persistent_sodium_current">
<variable cmeta:id="persistent_sodium_current_i_p_Na" name="i_p_Na" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0027" name="g_pna" units="microS"/>
<variable name="E_Na" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_p_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_pna</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">52</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">8</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_background_current">
<variable cmeta:id="sodium_background_current_i_b_Na" name="i_b_Na" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0006" name="g_bna" units="microS"/>
<variable name="Na_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="E_Na" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_b_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_bna</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel">
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_K_cyt" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_K_ds" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Na_ds" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable cmeta:id="L_type_Ca_channel_i_Ca_L" name="i_Ca_L" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="1" name="P_Ca_L" units="nanoA_per_millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.002" name="P_CaK" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.01" name="P_CaNa" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="Ca_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_i" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_ds" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="K_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="K_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Na_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Na_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_mole"/>
<variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
<variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="d" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="CaChoncyt" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="CaChonds" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.01" name="KCaChoff" private_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.001" name="Kmdsinact" private_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.7" name="FrICa" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>CaChoncyt</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">100</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_cyt</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_CaK</ci>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>CaChoncyt</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_cyt</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_CaNa</ci>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>CaChoncyt</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_ds</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>CaChonds</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">100</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_ds</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
<ci>P_CaK</ci>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>CaChonds</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_ds</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>FrICa</ci>
<ci>P_CaNa</ci>
<ci>P_Ca_L</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>CaChonds</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_ds</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_ds</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate">
<variable initial_value="2.27643784381792e-8" name="d" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_d" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_d" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="E0_d" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="3" name="speed_d" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">24</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_d</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">120</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">0.0001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">30</cn>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_d</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">120</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">0.0001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">12</cn>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>E0_d</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>speed_d</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_d</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_d</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate">
<variable initial_value="4.03082807230434e-9" name="f" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="CaChoncyt" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="CaChonds" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="CaChoffcyt" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="CaChoffds" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_f" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_f" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_ds" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="KCaChoff" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Kmdsinact" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable initial_value="0.3" name="speed_f" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0001" name="delta_f" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="E0_f" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">34</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_f</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">25</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
</apply>
<ci>delta_f</ci>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt_second">6.25</cn>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>E0_f</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_f</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">12</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">34</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>CaChoffcyt</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>KCaChoff</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">120</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
<ci>CaChoffcyt</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>CaChoffcyt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>speed_f</ci>
<ci>beta_f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_f</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>CaChoncyt</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>CaChoffcyt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>CaChoffds</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Kmdsinact</ci>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>CaChonds</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>CaChoffds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_background_current">
<variable cmeta:id="calcium_background_current_i_b_Ca" name="i_b_Ca" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.00025" name="g_bca" units="microS"/>
<variable name="E_Ca" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_b_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_bca</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current">
<variable cmeta:id="transient_outward_current_i_to" name="i_to" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.005" name="g_to" units="microS"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="g_tos" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="E_K" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="s" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="r" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_to</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_to</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>g_tos</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>g_tos</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>r</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current_s_gate">
<variable initial_value="0.999870016703514" name="s" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="alpha_s" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="beta_s" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_s</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">0.033</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">17</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_s</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">33</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.125</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_s</ci>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_current_r_gate">
<variable initial_value="1.8398417043009e-8" name="r" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">333</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_potassium_pump">
<variable cmeta:id="sodium_potassium_pump_i_NaK" name="i_NaK" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.7" name="i_NaK_max" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="1" name="K_mK" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="40" name="K_mNa" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="K_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Na_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK_max</ci>
<ci>K_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mK</ci>
<ci>K_o</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mNa</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_calcium_exchanger">
<variable name="i_NaCa" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa_cyt" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa_ds" public_interface="out" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0005" name="k_NaCa" units="nanoA"/>
<variable initial_value="3" name="n_NaCa" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="d_NaCa" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.2" name="gamma" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.001" name="FRiNaCa" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="Na_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Na_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_ds" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_o" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="joule_per_kilomole_kelvin"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_mole"/>
<variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa_cyt</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FRiNaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>k_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar4">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.0069</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa_ds</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>FRiNaCa</ci>
<ci>k_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar4">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>n_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millimolar">0.0069</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_NaCa_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_NaCa_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump">
<variable cmeta:id="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump_i_up" name="i_up" public_interface="out" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="K_1" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="K_2" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0003" name="K_cyca" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.4" name="K_xcs" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="K_srca" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.4" name="alpha_up" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="0.03" name="beta_up" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_up" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K_1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_cyca</ci>
<ci>K_xcs</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_srca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K_2</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
<ci>K_1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_cyca</ci>
<ci>K_xcs</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_cyca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_up</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>K_2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>alpha_up</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
<ci>K_1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>beta_up</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_translocation">
<variable cmeta:id="calcium_translocation_i_trans" name="i_trans" public_interface="out" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="Ca_rel" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_up" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_trans</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">50</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_release">
<variable cmeta:id="calcium_release_i_rel" name="i_rel" public_interface="out" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="VoltDep" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="RegBindSite" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="CaiReg" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="CadsReg" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="ActRate" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="InactRate" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="0.05" name="K_leak_rate" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="250" name="K_m_rel" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0005" name="K_m_Ca_cyt" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.01" name="K_m_Ca_ds" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="PrecFrac" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.000183030061767109" name="ActFrac" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0109931117325847" name="ProdFrac" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="SpeedRel" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_ds" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="Ca_rel" public_interface="in" units="millimolar"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>VoltDep</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.08</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>CaiReg</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>K_m_Ca_cyt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>CadsReg</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<ci>K_m_Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>RegBindSite</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>CaiReg</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>CaiReg</ci>
</apply>
<ci>CadsReg</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ActRate</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">0</cn>
<ci>VoltDep</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">90</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>RegBindSite</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>InactRate</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">60</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">500</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>RegBindSite</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">5</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>PrecFrac</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
</apply>
<ci>ProdFrac</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>PrecFrac</ci>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<ci>ActRate</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<ci>InactRate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ProdFrac</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<ci>InactRate</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>SpeedRel</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_second">1</cn>
<ci>ProdFrac</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>ActFrac</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>K_m_rel</ci>
</apply>
<ci>K_leak_rate</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="extracellular_sodium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="140" name="Na_o" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_sodium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="5.68929064089788" name="Na_i" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="V_i" public_interface="in" units="micrometre3"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_mole"/>
<variable name="i_Na" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_b_Na" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_p_Na" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Na_ds" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaK" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa_cyt" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
<ci>i_p_Na</ci>
<ci>i_b_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa_cyt</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Na_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="extracellular_calcium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="2" name="Ca_o" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
</component>
<component name="extracellular_potassium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="4" name="K_o" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_potassium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="138.49601832864" name="K_i" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="V_i" public_interface="in" units="micrometre3"/>
<variable name="i_K1" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Kr" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ks" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_K_cyt" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_K_ds" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_to" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaK" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_mole"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<ci>i_Kr</ci>
<ci>i_Ks</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_L_K_ds</ci>
<ci>i_to</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_calcium_concentration">
<variable initial_value="5.60867201979414e-6" name="Ca_i" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="2.15623822848619e-7" name="Ca_ds" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.187470810108547" name="Ca_up" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.185609773872992" name="Ca_rel" public_interface="out" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.000221858224298955" name="Ca_Calmod" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.00013982468565579" name="Ca_Trop" units="millimolar"/>
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_calcium_concentration_Calmod" initial_value="0.02" name="Calmod" units="millimolar"/>
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_calcium_concentration_Trop" initial_value="0.05" name="Trop" units="millimolar"/>
<variable initial_value="100000" name="alpha_Calmod" units="per_millimolar_second"/>
<variable initial_value="50" name="beta_Calmod" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="100000" name="alpha_Trop" units="per_millimolar_second"/>
<variable initial_value="200" name="beta_Trop" units="per_second"/>
<variable initial_value="12" name="radius" units="micrometre"/>
<variable initial_value="74" name="length" units="micrometre"/>
<variable name="V_i" public_interface="out" units="micrometre3"/>
<variable name="V_Cell" units="micrometre3"/>
<variable name="V_i_ratio" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="V_ds_ratio" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="V_rel_ratio" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.4" name="V_e_ratio" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.01" name="V_up_ratio" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="Kdecay" units="per_second"/>
<variable name="i_up" public_interface="in" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="i_trans" public_interface="in" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="i_rel" public_interface="in" units="millimolar_per_second"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa_cyt" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_NaCa_ds" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="i_b_Ca" public_interface="in" units="nanoA"/>
<variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="coulomb_per_mole"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_Cell</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">3.141592654</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>radius</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1000</cn>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>length</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1000</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>V_e_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_up_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_rel_ratio</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_Cell</ci>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt</ci>
<ci>i_b_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa_cyt</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa_ds</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<ci>V_ds_ratio</ci>
<ci>Kdecay</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
<ci>V_rel_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>i_up</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mA_nA">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>i_Ca_L_Ca_ds</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="litre_micrometre3">1</cn>
<ci>V_ds_ratio</ci>
<ci>V_i</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_ds</ci>
<ci>Kdecay</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_up</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>V_i_ratio</ci>
<ci>V_up_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_up</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_trans</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_rel</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>V_up_ratio</ci>
<ci>V_rel_ratio</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_trans</ci>
</apply>
<ci>i_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_Calmod</ci>
<ci>Ca_Calmod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_Trop</ci>
<ci>Ca_Trop</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="membrane">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr1_gate"/>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr2_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<component_ref component="persistent_sodium_current"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_s_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_r_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_calcium_exchanger"/>
<component_ref component="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_translocation"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_release"/>
<component_ref component="extracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="extracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="extracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<component_ref component="reversal_potentials"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_s_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_current_r_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr1_gate"/>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr2_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="persistent_sodium_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_background_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_background_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_potassium_pump" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_calcium_exchanger" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_sodium_concentration" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_potassium_concentration" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_calcium_concentration" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_translocation" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_release" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_release" component_2="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="reversal_potentials"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Na" variable_2="i_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Na_ds" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Na_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_K_cyt" variable_2="i_Ca_L_K_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_K_ds" variable_2="i_Ca_L_K_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kr" variable_2="i_Kr"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ks" variable_2="i_Ks"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="transient_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_to" variable_2="i_to"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K1" variable_2="i_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="persistent_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_p_Na" variable_2="i_p_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_b_Na" variable_2="i_b_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_b_Ca" variable_2="i_b_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaK" variable_2="i_NaK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_calcium_exchanger"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa_cyt" variable_2="i_NaCa_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa_ds" variable_2="i_NaCa_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Na" variable_2="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="persistent_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Na" variable_2="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Ks" variable_2="E_Ks"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="transient_outward_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Ca" variable_2="E_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_mh" variable_2="E_mh"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="extracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_o" variable_2="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="extracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_o" variable_2="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_i" variable_2="K_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_i" variable_2="Na_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="extracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_o" variable_2="Ca_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="reversal_potentials" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="extracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_o" variable_2="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_K1" variable_2="i_K1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Kr" variable_2="i_Kr"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ks" variable_2="i_Ks"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Na" variable_2="i_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_background_current" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_b_Na" variable_2="i_b_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_i" variable_2="Na_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="persistent_sodium_current" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_p_Na" variable_2="i_p_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Na_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Na_ds" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Na_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_i" variable_2="Na_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Ca_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds" variable_2="i_Ca_L_Ca_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_ds" variable_2="Ca_ds"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="intracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_K_cyt" variable_2="i_Ca_L_K_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L_K_ds" variable_2="i_Ca_L_K_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_i" variable_2="K_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="extracellular_potassium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_o" variable_2="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="extracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_o" variable_2="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="extracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_o" variable_2="Ca_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_background_current" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_b_Ca" variable_2="i_b_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_potassium_pump" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaK" variable_2="i_NaK"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_i" variable_2="Na_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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<map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa_ds" variable_2="i_NaCa_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_ds" variable_2="Ca_ds"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sodium_calcium_exchanger" component_2="intracellular_sodium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa_cyt" variable_2="i_NaCa_cyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_i" variable_2="Na_i"/>
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<connection>
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</connection>
<connection>
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<map_variables variable_1="Ca_o" variable_2="Ca_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="sarcoplasmic_reticulum_calcium_pump" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="i_up" variable_2="i_up"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_up" variable_2="Ca_up"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_translocation" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
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<map_variables variable_1="Ca_rel" variable_2="Ca_rel"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_up" variable_2="Ca_up"/>
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<connection>
<map_components component_1="calcium_release" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
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<map_variables variable_1="Ca_rel" variable_2="Ca_rel"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_ds" variable_2="Ca_ds"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xr1_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="xr1" variable_2="xr1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
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<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current" component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_potassium_current_xs_gate"/>
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<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="m" variable_2="m"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="h" variable_2="h"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="d" variable_2="d"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="CaChoncyt" variable_2="CaChoncyt"/>
<map_variables variable_1="CaChonds" variable_2="CaChonds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="KCaChoff" variable_2="KCaChoff"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Kmdsinact" variable_2="Kmdsinact"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_ds" variable_2="Ca_ds"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="transient_outward_current_s_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="s" variable_2="s"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="transient_outward_current" component_2="transient_outward_current_r_gate"/>
<map_variables variable_1="r" variable_2="r"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_sodium_concentration" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_i" variable_2="V_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_potassium_concentration" component_2="intracellular_calcium_concentration"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_i" variable_2="V_i"/>
</connection>
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<rdf:value>This version of the model has been curated and unit checked and is known to run in PCEnv, COR and Jsim. A PCEnv session file is also available for this model.</rdf:value>
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<rdf:value>INaCads was not included in the dCads/dt ODE and hence the system was out
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<rdf:value>The Noble98 (Noble et al. 1998) model of the guinea-pig ventricular cell was a development of the Noble91 (Noble et al. 1991) model and included representation of the components of IK, (IKr and IKs), the persistent sodium current and a dyadic space between the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In several important respects this model was a major improvement on the earlier model. However on rigorous testing for new applications problems associated with the calcium dynamics equations were found in the new model.
The model demonstrated here is an attempt at 'correcting' the inability of Noble98 to reproduce a mechanism of initiation of Early After-Depolarizations (EADs), the voltage-dependence of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and also to improve the shape of the calcium transient.
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<rdf:value>Note that the missing i_NCX_ds component was added to the dCai/dt rather than the dCads/dt equation in order to achieve balance in the model.</rdf:value>
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<dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">Remodelling of Calcium Dynamics in Guinea-Pig Ventricular Cells</dc:title>
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