Location: semantic-annotation @ 771f7cf8dd59 / chang_fujita_1999.cellml

Author:

Dewan Sarwar <sarwarcse@gmail.com>

Date:

2019-01-22 18:17:02+13:00

Desc:

adding UTF-8

Permanent Source URI:

http://models.cellml.org/workspace/584/rawfile/771f7cf8dd59d9a21ece87e7966a93d064a6b01a/chang_fujita_1999.cellml

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  <documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
    <article>
      <articleinfo>
        <title>A kinetic model of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter</title>
        <author>
          <firstname>Catherine</firstname>
          <surname>Lloyd</surname>
          <affiliation>
            <shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland</shortaffil>
          </affiliation>
        </author>
      </articleinfo>
      <section id="sec_status">
        <title>Model Status</title>
        <para>This CellML model runs in OpenCell and COR.  The units have ben checked and they are consistent.  We are unsure whether or not the model recreates the published results as there are no simple figures of changing concentration against time.  Also sodium and chloride are set to constant values in this model - we suspect we need to derive an ODE equation based on the reaction figure (fig 1) in the paper.</para>
      </section>
      <sect1 id="sec_structure">
        <title>Model Structure</title>
        <para>ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to construct a numerical model of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (TSC) that can predict kinetics of thiazide binding and substrate transport of TSC. We hypothesized that the mechanisms underlying these kinetic properties can be approximated by a state diagram in which the transporter has two binding sites, one for sodium and another for chloride and thiazide. On the basis of the state diagram, a system of linear equations that should be satisfied in the steady state was postulated. Numerical solution of these equations yielded model prediction of kinetics of thiazide binding and substrate transport. Rate constants, which determine transitional rates between states, were systematically adjusted to minimize a penalty function that was devised to quantitatively estimate the difference between model predictions and experimental results. With the resultant rate constants, the model could simulate the following experimental results: 1) dissociation constant of thiazide in the absence of sodium and chloride; 2) inhibitory effect of chloride on thiazide binding; 3) stimulatory effect of sodium on thiazide binding; 4) combined effects of sodium and chloride on thiazide binding; 5) dependence of sodium influx on extracellular sodium and chloride; and 6) inhibition of sodium influx by extracellular thiazide. We conclude that known kinetic properties of TSC can be predicted by a model which is based on a state diagram.</para>
        <para>The original paper reference is cited below:</para>
        <para>
          A kinetic model of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter, Hangil Chang and Toshiro Fujita, 1999,
          <emphasis>American Journal of Physiology</emphasis>
          , 276, F952-F959.
          <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10362783">PubMed ID: 10362783</ulink>
        </para>
        <informalfigure float="0" id="fig_reaction_diagram">
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <objectinfo>
                <title>diagram of the model</title>
              </objectinfo>
              <imagedata fileref="chang_1999.png" />
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
          <caption>
            State diagram for the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (TSC).  Transporter (E) has binding sites for sodium (Na ) and chloride (Cl).  Thiazide diuretics (D) compete with chloride for the same binding site.
            <emphasis>_i</emphasis>
            is used to indicate which symbols belong to the intracellular side.
          </caption>
        </informalfigure>
      </sect1>
    </article>
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            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k32</ci>
              <ci>ENaD_</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k14</ci>
              <ci>ENaCl_</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <plus />
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k10</ci>
              <ci>ENa_</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k13</ci>
              <ci>Cl_</ci>
              <ci>ENa_</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k31</ci>
              <ci>D_</ci>
              <ci>ENa_</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  <component name="ECl" cmeta:id="ECl">
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl.ECl" initial_value="0.08333" name="ECl" public_interface="out" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl.k7" name="k7" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl.k8" name="k8" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl.k3" name="k3" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl.k4" name="k4" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl.E" name="E" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl.ENaCl" name="ENaCl" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl.Na" name="Na" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl.Cl" name="Cl" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl.time" name="time" public_interface="in" units="second" />
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply>
        <eq />
        <apply>
          <diff />
          <bvar>
            <ci>time</ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci>ECl</ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus />
          <apply>
            <plus />
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k3</ci>
              <ci>Cl</ci>
              <ci>E</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k8</ci>
              <ci>ENaCl</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <plus />
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k7</ci>
              <ci>Na</ci>
              <ci>ECl</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k4</ci>
              <ci>ECl</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  <component name="ECl_" cmeta:id="ECl_">
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl_.ECl_" initial_value="0.08333" name="ECl_" public_interface="out" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl_.k11" name="k11" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl_.k12" name="k12" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl_.k15" name="k15" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl_.k16" name="k16" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl_.E_" name="E_" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl_.ENaCl_" name="ENaCl_" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl_.Na_" name="Na_" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl_.Cl_" name="Cl_" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ECl_.time" name="time" public_interface="in" units="second" />
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply>
        <eq />
        <apply>
          <diff />
          <bvar>
            <ci>time</ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci>ECl_</ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus />
          <apply>
            <plus />
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k11</ci>
              <ci>Cl_</ci>
              <ci>E_</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k16</ci>
              <ci>ENaCl_</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <plus />
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k15</ci>
              <ci>Na_</ci>
              <ci>ECl_</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k12</ci>
              <ci>ECl_</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  <component name="ENaCl" cmeta:id="ENaCl">
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl.ENaCl" initial_value="0.08333" name="ENaCl" public_interface="out" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl.k7" name="k7" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl.k8" name="k8" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl.k5" name="k5" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl.k6" name="k6" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl.k19" name="k19" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl.k20" name="k20" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl.ENa" name="ENa" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl.ECl" name="ECl" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl.ENaCl_" name="ENaCl_" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl.Na" name="Na" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl.Cl" name="Cl" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl.time" name="time" public_interface="in" units="second" />
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply>
        <eq />
        <apply>
          <diff />
          <bvar>
            <ci>time</ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci>ENaCl</ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus />
          <apply>
            <plus />
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k5</ci>
              <ci>Cl</ci>
              <ci>ENa</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k7</ci>
              <ci>Na</ci>
              <ci>ECl</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k20</ci>
              <ci>ENaCl_</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <plus />
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k6</ci>
              <ci>ENaCl</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k8</ci>
              <ci>ENaCl</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k19</ci>
              <ci>ENaCl</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  <component name="ENaCl_" cmeta:id="ENaCl_">
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl_.ENaCl_" initial_value="0.08333" name="ENaCl_" public_interface="out" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl_.k15" name="k15" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl_.k16" name="k16" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl_.k13" name="k13" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl_.k14" name="k14" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl_.k19" name="k19" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl_.k20" name="k20" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl_.ENa_" name="ENa_" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl_.ECl_" name="ECl_" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl_.ENaCl" name="ENaCl" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl_.Na_" name="Na_" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl_.Cl_" name="Cl_" public_interface="in" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="ENaCl_.time" name="time" public_interface="in" units="second" />
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply>
        <eq />
        <apply>
          <diff />
          <bvar>
            <ci>time</ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci>ENaCl_</ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus />
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            <plus />
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k13</ci>
              <ci>Cl_</ci>
              <ci>ENa_</ci>
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            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k15</ci>
              <ci>Na_</ci>
              <ci>ECl_</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k19</ci>
              <ci>ENaCl</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <plus />
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k14</ci>
              <ci>ENaCl_</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k16</ci>
              <ci>ENaCl_</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times />
              <ci>k20</ci>
              <ci>ENaCl_</ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
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    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k1" initial_value="1.0E5" name="k1" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k2" initial_value="4.183E5" name="k2" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k3" initial_value="1.0E5" name="k3" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k4" initial_value="4.928E6" name="k4" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k5" initial_value="1.0E5" name="k5" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k6" initial_value="1.065E6" name="k6" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k7" initial_value="1.0E5" name="k7" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k8" initial_value="8.940E4" name="k8" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k9" initial_value="1.0E5" name="k9" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k10" initial_value="4.183E5" name="k10" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k11" initial_value="1.0E5" name="k11" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k12" initial_value="4.982E6" name="k12" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k13" initial_value="1.0E5" name="k13" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k14" initial_value="1.065E6" name="k14" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k15" initial_value="1.0E5" name="k15" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k16" initial_value="8.940E4" name="k16" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k17" initial_value="4.587E5" name="k17" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k18" initial_value="1.0E5" name="k18" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k19" initial_value="1.0E3" name="k19" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k20" initial_value="2.180E2" name="k20" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k21" initial_value="1.0E5" name="k21" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k22" initial_value="4.183E5" name="k22" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k23" initial_value="1.0E5" name="k23" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k24" initial_value="3.192E1" name="k24" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k25" initial_value="1.0E5" name="k25" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k26" initial_value="3.192E1" name="k26" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k27" initial_value="1.0E5" name="k27" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k28" initial_value="1.389E5" name="k28" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k29" initial_value="1.0E5" name="k29" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k30" initial_value="3.514E-1" name="k30" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k31" initial_value="1.0E5" name="k31" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.k32" initial_value="1.166E-1" name="k32" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.Na" initial_value="50.0" name="Na" public_interface="out" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.Cl" initial_value="96.0" name="Cl" public_interface="out" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.D" initial_value="1.0E-6" name="D" public_interface="out" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.Cl_" initial_value="40.0" name="Cl_" public_interface="out" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.Na_" initial_value="10.0" name="Na_" public_interface="out" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="reaction_constants.D_" initial_value="1.0E-6" name="D_" public_interface="out" units="millimolar" />
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    <map_components component_1="reaction_constants" component_2="ECl_" />
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    <map_variables variable_1="Cl_" variable_2="Cl_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k11" variable_2="k11" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k12" variable_2="k12" />
    <map_variables variable_1="Na_" variable_2="Na_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k15" variable_2="k15" />
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    <map_components component_1="ENaCl_" component_2="ENa_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="ENaCl_" variable_2="ENaCl_" />
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    <map_components component_1="ENaCl" component_2="ENaCl_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="ENaCl" variable_2="ENaCl" />
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    <map_components component_1="ENaCl_" component_2="ECl_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="ENaCl_" variable_2="ENaCl_" />
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    <map_components component_1="reaction_constants" component_2="ED" />
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    <map_variables variable_1="k24" variable_2="k24" />
    <map_variables variable_1="Na" variable_2="Na" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k21" variable_2="k21" />
    <map_variables variable_1="D" variable_2="D" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k23" variable_2="k23" />
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    <map_components component_1="E_" component_2="ED_" />
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    <map_components component_1="ENaD" component_2="ED" />
    <map_variables variable_1="ENaD" variable_2="ENaD" />
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  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="reaction_constants" component_2="ECl" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k4" variable_2="k4" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k7" variable_2="k7" />
    <map_variables variable_1="Na" variable_2="Na" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k8" variable_2="k8" />
    <map_variables variable_1="Cl" variable_2="Cl" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k3" variable_2="k3" />
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    <map_components component_1="ENaD_" component_2="ENa_" />
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    <map_components component_1="ENa_" component_2="E_" />
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    <map_components component_1="ENaCl" component_2="ENa" />
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    <map_components component_1="reaction_constants" component_2="ENaD_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="Na_" variable_2="Na_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k32" variable_2="k32" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k31" variable_2="k31" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k27" variable_2="k27" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k28" variable_2="k28" />
    <map_variables variable_1="D_" variable_2="D_" />
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  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="environment" component_2="ENaD" />
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time" />
  </connection>
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    <map_components component_1="environment" component_2="ECl" />
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time" />
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    <map_components component_1="reaction_constants" component_2="ENa_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="Cl_" variable_2="Cl_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k9" variable_2="k9" />
    <map_variables variable_1="Na_" variable_2="Na_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k10" variable_2="k10" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k32" variable_2="k32" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k13" variable_2="k13" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k31" variable_2="k31" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k14" variable_2="k14" />
    <map_variables variable_1="D_" variable_2="D_" />
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  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="environment" component_2="E" />
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="reaction_constants" component_2="ED_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="Na_" variable_2="Na_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k30" variable_2="k30" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k29" variable_2="k29" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k27" variable_2="k27" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k28" variable_2="k28" />
    <map_variables variable_1="D_" variable_2="D_" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="environment" component_2="ENa_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="ENaCl" component_2="ECl" />
    <map_variables variable_1="ENaCl" variable_2="ENaCl" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="E" component_2="E_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="E" variable_2="E" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="ENa" component_2="ENaD" />
    <map_variables variable_1="ENa" variable_2="ENa" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="ECl" component_2="E" />
    <map_variables variable_1="ECl" variable_2="ECl" />
  </connection>
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    <map_components component_1="E" component_2="ECl" />
    <map_variables variable_1="E" variable_2="E" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="environment" component_2="ENaD_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="environment" component_2="ENa" />
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="ED_" component_2="ENaD_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="ED_" variable_2="ED_" />
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  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="ECl_" component_2="E_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="ECl_" variable_2="ECl_" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="reaction_constants" component_2="ENa" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k2" variable_2="k2" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k1" variable_2="k1" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k25" variable_2="k25" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k6" variable_2="k6" />
    <map_variables variable_1="Na" variable_2="Na" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k26" variable_2="k26" />
    <map_variables variable_1="Cl" variable_2="Cl" />
    <map_variables variable_1="k5" variable_2="k5" />
    <map_variables variable_1="D" variable_2="D" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="ED" component_2="ENaD" />
    <map_variables variable_1="ED" variable_2="ED" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="environment" component_2="E_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="ECl" component_2="ENaCl" />
    <map_variables variable_1="ECl" variable_2="ECl" />
  </connection>
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="ENa_" component_2="ENaCl_" />
    <map_variables variable_1="ENa_" variable_2="ENa_" />
  </connection>
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    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaCl.k7">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding Na+ from state ECl to state ENaCl on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#entity_19" dcterms:description="" />
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#reaction_constants.k4">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of dissociation Cl- from state ECl to state E on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENa.k25">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding D from state ENa to state ENaD on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#chang_fujita_1999">
      <dcterms:keyword>TSC</dcterms:keyword>
      <dcterms:keyword>Thiazide</dcterms:keyword>
      <dcterms:keyword>dissociation constant</dcterms:keyword>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENa_.k13">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding Cl_ ion from state ENa_ to state ENaCl_ on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaD.time" dcterms:description="Time">
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaCl.ENaCl">
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaCl.ENaCl_">
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENa.D">
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#E.E">
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        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_0">
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#reaction_constants.k18">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate from state E_ to state E on the intracellular compartment to luminal compartment through the cell membrane</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENa_.ENaD_">
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#reaction_constants.k19">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate from state ENaCl to state ENaCl_ on the luminal compartment to intracellular compartment through the cell membrane</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#reaction_constants.k5">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding Cl- from state ENa to state ENaCl on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#entity_18" dcterms:description="" />
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ED.k21">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding Na+ from state ED to state ENaD on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ECl_.Na_">
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaCl.time" dcterms:description="Time">
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#E_.Na_">
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      <dcterms:description>concentration of sodium on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaD.ED">
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      <dcterms:description>concentration of TSC molecule binding with thiazide on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#reaction_constants.k6">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of dissociation Cl- from state ENaCl to state ENa on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaCl_.ECl_">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
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      <dcterms:description>concentration of TSC molecule binding with chloride on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaCl.Cl">
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    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#entity_17" dcterms:description="" />
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ED.k22">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of dissociation Na+ from state ENaD to state ED on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENa.ENaD">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
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          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
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    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#reaction_constants.k20">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate from state ENaCl_ to state ENaCl on the intracellular compartment to luminal compartment through the cell membrane</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaCl_.k13">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding Cl_ ion from state ENa_ to state ENaCl_ on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#reaction_constants.k32">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of dissociation D_ from state ENaD_ to state ENa_ on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ECl.E">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_51">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_0" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
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      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>concentration of TSC molecule for binding with sodium, chloride, and thiazide on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaCl.k20">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate from state ENaCl_ to state ENaCl on the intracellular compartment to luminal compartment through the cell membrane</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ECl_.ECl_">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_55">
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      <dcterms:description>concentration of TSC molecule binding with chloride on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaCl_.Cl_">
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          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_15" />
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      <dcterms:description>concentration of chloride on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaCl.ENa">
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        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_61">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_5" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
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      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>concentration of TSC molecule binding with sodium on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#reaction_constants.k7">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding Na+ from state ECl to state ENaCl on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#chang_fujita_1999">
      <dcterms:abstract>The aim of this study was to construct a numerical model of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (TSC) that can predict kinetics of thiazide binding and substrate transport of TSC. We hypothesized that the mechanisms underlying these kinetic properties can be approximated by a state diagram in which the transporter has two binding sites, one for sodium and another for chloride and thiazide. On the basis of the state diagram, a system of linear equations that should be satisfied in the steady state was postulated. Numerical solution of these equations yielded model prediction of kinetics of thiazide binding and substrate transport. Rate constants, which determine transitional rates between states, were systematically adjusted to minimize a penalty function that was devised to quantitatively estimate the difference between model predictions and experimental results. With the resultant rate constants, the model could simulate the following experimental results: 1) dissociation constant of thiazide in the absence of sodium and chloride; 2) inhibitory effect of chloride on thiazide binding; 3) stimulatory effect of sodium on thiazide binding; 4) combined effects of sodium and chloride on thiazide binding; 5) dependence of sodium influx on extracellular sodium and chloride; and 6) inhibition of sodium influx by extracellular thiazide. We conclude that known kinetic properties of TSC can be predicted by a model which is based on a state diagram.</dcterms:abstract>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#entity_16" dcterms:description="" />
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaCl_.k14">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of dissociation Cl_ ion from state ENaCl_ to state ENa_ on the intracellular compartment side</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaD.Na">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_30">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_8" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
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      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>concentration of sodium on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#reaction_constants.k21">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding Na+ from state ED to state ENaD on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#E_.ENa_">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_11">
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      <dcterms:description>transitional rate from state E_ to state E on the intracellular compartment to luminal compartment through the cell membrane</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ED.Na">
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        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_20">
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENa_.time" dcterms:description="Time">
      <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023" />
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#E.k1">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding Na+ from state E to state ENa on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#reaction_constants.k8">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of dissociation Na+ from state ENaCl to stae ECl on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ED_.Na_">
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        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_25">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_14" />
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#E_.E_">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_8">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_3" />
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      <dcterms:description>concentration of TSC molecule for binding with sodium, chloride, and thiazide on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENa.ENa">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_36">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_5" />
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ECl.k3">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding Cl- from state E to state ECl on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#reaction_constants.k30">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of dissociation D_ from state ED_ to state E_ on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaD.k21">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding Na+ from state ED to state ENaD on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENa_.Na_">
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          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_14" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENa_.k9">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding Na_ ion from state E_ to state ENa_ on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#E_.k9">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding Na_ ion from state E_ to state ENa_ on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#E.k17">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate from state E to state E_ on the luminal compartment to intracellular compartment through the cell membrane</dcterms:description>
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      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding Na_ ion from state ED_ to state ENaD_ on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaD_.ENaD_">
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#E.k2">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of dissociation Na+ from state ENa to state E on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#reaction_constants.k9">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding Na_ ion from state E_ to state ENa_ on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#E_.k29">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding D_ from state E_ to state ED_ on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaCl.k6">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of dissociation Cl- from state ENaCl to state ENa on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#reaction_constants.Cl">
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      <dcterms:description>concentration of chloride on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaCl_.k16">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of dissociation Na_ ion from state ENaCl_ to state ECl_ on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaD.k22">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of dissociation Na+ from state ENaD to state ED on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaCl_.ENaCl_">
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      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of dissociation Na_ ion from state ENaD_ to state ED_ on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaCl_.ENaCl">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_69">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_18" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>concentration of TSC molecule binding with sodium and chloride on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#E.k3">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding Cl- from state E to state ECl on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ECl.ECl">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_50">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_6" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>concentration of TSC molecule binding with chloride on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ECl_.ENaCl_">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_57">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_19" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>concentration of TSC molecule binding with sodium and chloride on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ED_.k29">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding D_ from state E_ to state ED_ on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#E.ENa">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_3">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_5" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>concentration of TSC molecule binding with sodium on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaCl.k5">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding Cl- from state ENa to state ENaCl on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#ENaCl_.k15">
      <dcterms:description>transitional rate of binding Na_ ion from state ECl_ to state ENaCl_ on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#E_.D_">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_13">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_13" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>concentration of thiazide on the intracellular compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#E.ECl">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_4">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_6" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>concentration of TSC molecule binding with chloride on the luminal compartment</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
  </rdf:RDF>
</model>