- Author:
- Dewan Sarwar <sarwarcse@gmail.com>
- Date:
- 2019-01-22 15:53:48+13:00
- Desc:
- adding the removed namepsaces
- Permanent Source URI:
- http://models.cellml.org/workspace/584/rawfile/f42c82f77870f412e1964b9b0701fec331344c8d/siebert_CC_2008.cellml
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<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Nonlinearities make a difference: comparison of two common Hill-type models with real muscle</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>This CellML model represents the [CC] model from the original published paper. Parameter values have been taken from table 2, SOL1 for the [CC] model. The CellML model runs in OpenCell to recreate the published results. The units have been checked and are consistent. The model will not run in COR due to the presence of differential algebraic equations - or "circular arguments".</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>ABSTRACT: Compared to complex structural Huxley-type models, Hill-type models phenomenologically describe muscle contraction using only few state variables. The Hill-type models dominate in the ever expanding field of musculoskeletal simulations for simplicity and low computational cost. Reasonable parameters are required to gain insight into mechanics of movement. The two most common Hill-type muscle models used contain three components. The series elastic component is connected in series to the contractile component. A parallel elastic component is either connected in parallel to both the contractile and the series elastic component (model [CC+SEC]), or is connected in parallel only with the contractile component (model [CC]). As soon as at least one of the components exhibits substantial nonlinearities, as, e.g., the contractile component by the ability to turn on and off, the two models are mechanically different. We tested which model ([CC+SEC] or [CC]) represents the cat soleus better. Ramp experiments consisting of an isometric and an isokinetic part were performed with an in situ cat soleus preparation using supramaximal nerve stimulation. Hill-type models containing force-length and force-velocity relationship, excitation-contraction coupling and series and parallel elastic force-elongation relations were fitted to the data. To test which model might represent the muscle better, the obtained parameters were compared with experimentally determined parameters. Determined in situations with negligible passive force, the force-velocity relation and the series elastic component relation are independent of the chosen model. In contrast to model [CC+SEC], these relations predicted by model [CC] were in accordance with experimental relations. In conclusion model [CC] seemed to better represent the cat soleus contraction dynamics and should be preferred in the nonlinear regression of muscle parameters and in musculoskeletal modeling.</para>
<para>The original paper is cited below:</para>
<para>
Nonlinearities make a difference: comparison of two common Hill-type models with real muscle, Tobias Siebert, Christian Rode, Walter Herzog, Olaf Till and Reinhard Blickhan, 2008,
<emphasis>Biological Cybernetics</emphasis>
, 98, 133-143.
<ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18049823">PubMed ID: 18049823</ulink>
</para>
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<caption>Two different variants of the Hill muscle model. Isometric force is defined by a piecewise equation.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
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<rdf:RDF xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:bqbiol="http://biomodels.net/biology-qualifiers/" xmlns:ro="http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/ro.owl#" xmlns:opb="http://bhi.washington.edu/OPB#" xmlns:j.0="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#contraction.k_2">
<dcterms:description>Curve-shaping parameter for setting the parallel elastic component's force-velocity relationship</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#contraction.v_max">
<dcterms:description>Maximal contractile component shortening velocity</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Time constant for muscle activation</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#contraction.L_2">
<dcterms:description>Muscle length at which the ascending limb changes slope</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0">
<dc:title>Nonlinearities make a difference: comparison of two common Hill-type models with real muscle (CC Model)</dc:title>
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<dcterms:description>Length-based force factor in overall contractile component force</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Length at which the series elastic component force-elongation relation changes from exponential to linear</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Shaping parameter for the series elastic component's force-elongation relationship</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>The constant sum of the slack length of the series elastic component and the optimal length of the contractile component (used in the [CC] model, but not the [CC+SEC] model)</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>The maximum active isometric force of the muscle</dcterms:description>
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<cmeta:bio_entity>skeletal muscle</cmeta:bio_entity>
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<vCard:N vCard:Family="Rode" vCard:Given="C" />
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<dc:title>Nonlinearities make a difference: comparison of two common Hill-type models with real muscle</dc:title>
<dcterms:issued dcterms:W3CDTF="2008-02" />
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<dc:title>Biological Cybernetics</dc:title>
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<bqs:volume>98</bqs:volume>
<bqs:first_page>133</bqs:first_page>
<bqs:last_page>143</bqs:last_page>
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<dcterms:description>Elongation of series elastic component</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#siebert_CC_2008" semsim:modelId="siebert_2008" semsim:modelName="siebert_2008" />
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#contraction.A">
<dcterms:description>Activation state</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#contraction.L_3">
<dcterms:description>Curve-shaping parameter that sets the length of the force-length plateau</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</model>
