Location: Calcium Dynamics Annotations @ 110f9ba31e34 / keener_2001 / model / keener_2001.cellml

Author:
neilstephen2001 <npar276@aucklanduni.ac.nz>
Date:
2021-01-24 21:37:35+13:00
Desc:
adding OMEX archives to workspace
Permanent Source URI:
http://models.cellml.org/workspace/7f1/rawfile/110f9ba31e34b7499c8d02e13a6b9984351c0e8f/keener_2001/model/keener_2001.cellml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:semsim="http://www.bhi.washington.edu/SemSim#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" name="keener_2001" cmeta:id="keener_2001_version01">
  <documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
    <article>
      <articleinfo>
        <title>Diffusion Induced Oscillatory Insulin Secretion</title>
        <author>
          <firstname>Catherine</firstname>
          <surname>Lloyd</surname>
          <affiliation>
            <shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
          </affiliation>
        </author>
      </articleinfo>
      <section id="sec_status">
        <title>Model Status</title>
        <para>This model contains partial differentials and as such can not currently be solved by existing CellML tools.</para>
      </section>
      <sect1 id="sec_structure">
        <title>Model Structure</title>
        <para>
          Insulin is secreted from pancreatic beta cells in an oscillatory fashion.  In his 2001 paper (cited below), James Keener examines a mathematical model for
          <emphasis>in vitro</emphasis>
          insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in a one-dimensional chemical flow reactor, where the reaction region is represented by the volume occupied by the cells (see
          <xref linkend="fig_cell_diagram" />
          below).  Glucose enters the cell through GLUT-1 and GLUT-2 transporters.  Once inside the cell, intracellular glucose is metabolised, and this process activates insulin secretion via exocytosis of insulin containing granules.  In the extracellular medium, insulin activates GLUT-1 transporters and inactivates GLUT-2 transporters.
        </para>
        <para>In order to model the reactions, a steady flow of solution along the one-dimensional reactor is assumed, with insulin cells confined to a one-dimensional region.  Keener found that the oscillations occur as a result of an important interplay between flow rate of the reactor and insulin diffusion.  Without diffusion, the oscillations are eliminated.</para>
        <para>The complete original paper reference is cited below:</para>
        <para>
          <ulink url="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6WC7-4593YHR-R&amp;_user=140507&amp;_coverDate=07%2F31%2F2001&amp;_rdoc=2&amp;_fmt=summary&amp;_orig=browse&amp;_srch=%23toc%236731%232001%23999369995%23288659!&amp;_cdi=6731&amp;_sort=d&amp;_docanchor=&amp;wchp=dGLbVzz-lSztb&amp;_acct=C000011498&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=140507&amp;md5=ab655a0002a58212a7c8f4893876257a">Diffusion Induced Oscillatory Insulin Secretion</ulink>
          , James P. Keener, 2001,
          <ulink url="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&amp;_cdi=6731&amp;_auth=y&amp;_acct=C000011498&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=140507&amp;md5=2670d6bf58ba6625cf8c13344d6a4cb5">
            <emphasis>Bulletin of Mathematical Biology</emphasis>
          </ulink>
          , 63, 625-641. (A PDF version of the article is available to subscribers on the Bulletin of Mathematical Biology website.)
          <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=11497161&amp;dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 11497161</ulink>
        </para>
        <informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
          <mediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <objectinfo>
                <title>cell_diagram</title>
              </objectinfo>
              <imagedata fileref="keener_2001.png" />
            </imageobject>
          </mediaobject>
          <caption>A schematic diagram representing the model of glucose uptake, glucose metabolism and insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells.  Red lines represent the inactivation of GLUT-2 transporters by extracellular insulin, blue arrows represent the activation of GLUT-1 transporters by extracellular insulin and the activation of insulin secretion by glucose metabolism.</caption>
        </informalfigure>
        <para>
          The raw CellML descriptions of the model can be downloaded in various formats as described in
          <xref linkend="sec_download_this_model" />
          .
        </para>
      </sect1>
    </article>
  </documentation>
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    <unit exponent="-1.0" units="minute" />
    <unit units="millimolar" />
  </units>
  <units name="mm">
    <unit prefix="milli" units="metre" />
  </units>
  <units name="millimolar">
    <unit prefix="milli" units="mole" />
    <unit exponent="-1.0" units="litre" />
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    <unit exponent="-1.0" units="second" />
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    <variable cmeta:id="intracellular_glucose.Rm" name="Rm" public_interface="in" units="flux" />
    <variable cmeta:id="intracellular_glucose.R1" name="R1" public_interface="in" units="flux" />
    <variable cmeta:id="intracellular_glucose.R2" name="R2" public_interface="in" units="flux" />
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    <variable cmeta:id="insulin.D_I" initial_value="2.1E-6" name="D_I" units="cm2_per_second" />
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    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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    <variable cmeta:id="insulin_inhibition.J_infinity" initial_value="2.1E-6" name="J_infinity" units="dimensionless" />
    <variable cmeta:id="insulin_inhibition.J_tau" initial_value="20.0" name="J_tau" units="minute" />
    <variable cmeta:id="insulin_inhibition.K_inh" initial_value="1.0E-6" name="K_inh" units="millimolar" />
    <variable cmeta:id="insulin_inhibition.time" name="time" public_interface="in" units="minute" />
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    </math>
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    <variable cmeta:id="glucose_metabolism.Vm" initial_value="0.24" name="Vm" units="flux" />
    <variable cmeta:id="glucose_metabolism.Km" initial_value="9.8" name="Km" units="millimolar" />
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      <dcterms:description>constant flow of solution across reactor</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#insulin_secretion.Vs">
      <dcterms:description>maximum rate of insulin secretion</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#extracellular_glucose.R1">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_5">
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>rate of glucose uptake by GLUT-1 receptors</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="keener_2001.cellml#GLUT_1_transporter.rho">
      <dcterms:description>volume fraction of insulin-secreting cells in bed</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#insulin_inhibition.J">
      <dcterms:description>insulin secretion inactivation variable</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
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      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
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      <dcterms:description>rate of insulin secretion</dcterms:description>
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    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#GLUT_2_transporter.G">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_22">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_2" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>concentration of extracellular glucose</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="keener_2001.cellml#insulin.D_I">
      <dcterms:description>diffusivity of insulin</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#GLUT_1_transporter.V1">
      <dcterms:description>maximum rate of glucose uptake by GLUT-1 receptors</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="keener_2001.cellml#glucose_metabolism.Rm">
      <dcterms:description>rate of glucose metabolism</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#GLUT_1_transporter.R1">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_14">
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593" />
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      <dcterms:description>rate of glucose uptake by GLUT-1 receptors</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="keener_2001.cellml#entity_3">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/fma/FMA:70022" />
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="keener_2001.cellml#environment.rho">
      <dcterms:description>volume fraction of insulin-secreting cells in bed</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#intracellular_glucose.G_i">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_0">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_0" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>concentration of intracellular glucose</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#environment.time">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023" />
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#GLUT_2_transporter.K2">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_21">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_0" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>glucose dissociation constant of GLUT-2 receptors</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="keener_2001.cellml#GLUT_1_transporter.Ki">
      <bqbiol:isPropertyOf rdf:resource="keener_2001.cellml#entity_4" />
      <dcterms:description>insulin dissociation constant of GLUT-1 receptors</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#extracellular_glucose.R2">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_6">
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593" />
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      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>rate of glucose uptake by GLUT-2 receptors</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#insulin.D_I">
      <dcterms:description>diffusivity of insulin</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="keener_2001.cellml#insulin_secretion.Rs">
      <dcterms:description>rate of insulin secretion</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#glucose_metabolism.Rm">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_11">
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593" />
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      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>rate of glucose metabolism</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#insulin_inhibition.J_infinity">
      <dcterms:description>steady state function of insulin secretion inactivation variable</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="keener_2001.cellml#glucose_metabolism.Vm">
      <dcterms:description>maximum rate of glucose metabolism</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#glucose_metabolism.Vm">
      <dcterms:description>maximum rate of glucose metabolism</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#intracellular_glucose.R1">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_2">
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593" />
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      <dcterms:description>rate of glucose uptake by GLUT-1 receptors</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="keener_2001.cellml#insulin_secretion.Vs">
      <dcterms:description>maximum rate of insulin secretion</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#insulin.I">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_7">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_4" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>concentration of insulin</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="keener_2001.cellml#environment.time">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023" />
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="keener_2001.cellml#insulin_inhibition.K_inh">
      <bqbiol:isPropertyOf rdf:resource="keener_2001.cellml#entity_4" />
      <dcterms:description>insulin dissociation constant of insulin secretion inhibition</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#GLUT_1_transporter.G">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_18">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_2" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>concentration of extracellular glucose</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="keener_2001.cellml#glucose_metabolism.rho">
      <dcterms:description>volume fraction of insulin-secreting cells in bed</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="keener_2001.cellml#insulin.x">
      <dcterms:description>length of bed of insulin-secreting cells</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="keener_2001.cellml#extracellular_glucose.D_G">
      <dcterms:description>diffusivity of glucose</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#intracellular_glucose.R2">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_3">
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>rate of glucose uptake by GLUT-2 receptors</dcterms:description>
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    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#glucose_metabolism.G_i">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_13">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_0" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>concentration of intracellular glucose</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="keener_2001.cellml#entity_1">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/fma/FMA:85704" />
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="keener_2001.cellml#GLUT_2_transporter.G_i">
      <bqbiol:isPropertyOf rdf:resource="keener_2001.cellml#entity_0" />
      <dcterms:description>concentration of intracellular glucose</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#insulin_secretion.Ks">
      <semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
        <rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_25">
          <semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_0" />
          <semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
        </rdf:Description>
      </semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
      <dcterms:description>glucose dissociation constant of insulin secretion</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="keener_2001.cellml#insulin_inhibition.J">
      <dcterms:description>insulin secretion inactivation variable</dcterms:description>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="#GLUT_1_transporter.time">
      <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023" />
    </rdf:Description>
  </rdf:RDF>
</model>