Location: Calcium Dynamics Annotations @ 110f9ba31e34 / rice_winslow_jafri_1999 / model / rice_winslow_jafri_1999.rdf

Author:
neilstephen2001 <npar276@aucklanduni.ac.nz>
Date:
2021-01-24 21:37:35+13:00
Desc:
adding OMEX archives to workspace
Permanent Source URI:
http://models.cellml.org/workspace/7f1/rawfile/110f9ba31e34b7499c8d02e13a6b9984351c0e8f/rice_winslow_jafri_1999/model/rice_winslow_jafri_1999.rdf
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<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
    xmlns:semsim="http://www.bhi.washington.edu/SemSim#"
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:bqmodel="http://biomodels.net/model-qualifiers/"
    xmlns:bqbiol="http://biomodels.net/biology-qualifiers/">
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca4.omega">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#sarcoplasmic_reticulum.beta_JSR">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_12">
        <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/fma/FMA:62387"/>
      </rdf:Description>
    </bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340"/>
    <dcterms:description>junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum buffering </dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_O3.P_C2">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of ryanodine receptor channels in resting state PC2</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C1.beta">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C6.k65">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC6 to PC5</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#DHPR_transition_probabilities.a">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C1.C2">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C1.k21">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC2 to PC1</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.V_myo">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_10">
        <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/fma/FMA:226050"/>
      </rdf:Description>
    </bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00154"/>
    <dcterms:description>myoplasmic volume</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca0.omega">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C5.P_O4">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of ryanodine receptor channels in open state PO4</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca2.omega">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca1.C1">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C3.omega">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C1.omega">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#DHPR_transition_probabilities.b">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca1.a">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C5.k25">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC2 to PC5</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca4.alpha_">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_O3.k32">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PO3 to PC2</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#DHPR_transition_probabilities.beta_">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.B_SR">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_4">
        <bqbiol:isPartOf>
          <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_5">
            <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/fma/FMA:80351"/>
          </rdf:Description>
        </bqbiol:isPartOf>
        <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/chebi/CHEBI:35225"/>
      </rdf:Description>
    </bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340"/>
    <dcterms:description>concentration of sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane buffer</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.F">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00089"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#O.g">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel transition rate out of open state</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.Ca_JSR">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_11">
        <bqbiol:isPartOf rdf:resource="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_12"/>
        <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/chebi/CHEBI:29108"/>
      </rdf:Description>
    </bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340"/>
    <dcterms:description>concentration of calcium in junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C2.k52">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC5 to PC2</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.DHPR_open">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel open state</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca1.gamma">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#environment.time">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca1.b">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#DHPR_transition_probabilities.gamma">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.time">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#sarcolemma.V">
    <dcterms:description>membrane potential</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.P_Ca">
    <dcterms:description>subspace permeability to calcium</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#RyR_transition_probabilities.Ca_SS">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_3">
        <bqbiol:isPartOf>
          <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_2">
            <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/fma/FMA:62358"/>
          </rdf:Description>
        </bqbiol:isPartOf>
        <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/chebi/CHEBI:29108"/>
      </rdf:Description>
    </bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340"/>
    <dcterms:description>concentration of calcium in subspace</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_O3.k23">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC2 to PO3</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#sarcolemma.F">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00089"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C2.gamma">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.Ca_SS">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf rdf:resource="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_3"/>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340"/>
    <dcterms:description>concentration of calcium in subspace</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#O_Ca.C_Ca4">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels in calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C6.k56">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC5 to PC6</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C2.P_C5">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of ryanodine receptor channels in refractory state PC5</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C4.f">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel transition rate into open state</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca1.beta_">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_O3.k34">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PO3 to PO4</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C4.C3">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#RyR_transition_probabilities.k25">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC2 to PC5</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_O4.P_O3">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of ryanodine receptor channels in open state PO3</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C6.P_C5">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of ryanodine receptor channels in refractory state PC5</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C2.C_Ca2">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels in calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C4.g">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel transition rate out of open state</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_O4.k54">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC5 to PO4</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca2.C_Ca1">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels in calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C1.alpha">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C3.alpha">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.J_RyR_perm">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca0.C_Ca1">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels in calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C0.alpha">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca4.C4">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C3.gamma">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_O4.P_O4">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of ryanodine receptor channels in open state PO4</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C6.P_C6">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of ryanodine receptor channels in refractory state PC6</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#RyR_transition_probabilities.k12">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC1 to PC2</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#sarcoplasmic_reticulum.time">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C1.k12">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC1 to PC2</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.tau_xfer">
    <dcterms:description>transfer time constant from subspace to myoplasm</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#DHPR_transition_probabilities.alpha_">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca0.beta_">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C2.beta">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca0.C_Ca0">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels in calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C2.k32">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PO3 to PC2</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C4.C_Ca4">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels in calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#RyR_transition_probabilities.k23">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC2 to PO3</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.P_O3">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of ryanodine receptor channels in open state PO3</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca3.gamma">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C1.a">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#sarcoplasmic_reticulum.CSQN_tot">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_13">
        <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/fma/FMA:62353"/>
      </rdf:Description>
    </bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340"/>
    <dcterms:description>total concentration of sarcoplasmic reticulum calsequesterin</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C5.P_C6">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of ryanodine receptor channels in refractory state PC6</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_O3.k43">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PO4 to PO3</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca2.C_Ca3">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels in calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#O.f">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel transition rate into open state</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca1.alpha_">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C0.beta">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C0.omega">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C4.C4">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C0.gamma">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#RyR_transition_probabilities.k34">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PO3 to PO4</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.P_O4">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of ryanodine receptor channels in open state PO4</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C1.b">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#O_Ca.g_">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel transition rate out of open state for calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C5.P_C5">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of ryanodine receptor channels in refractory state PC5</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#sarcoplasmic_reticulum.K_CSQN">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_14">
        <bqbiol:isPartOf rdf:resource="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_12"/>
        <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/fma/FMA:62353"/>
      </rdf:Description>
    </bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340"/>
    <dcterms:description>calcium half-saturation constant of calsequestrin</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.V_SS">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf rdf:resource="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_2"/>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00154"/>
    <dcterms:description>subspace volume</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca3.beta_">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca2.C_Ca2">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels in calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.B_SL">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_7">
        <bqbiol:isPartOf>
          <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_8">
            <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/fma/FMA:67964"/>
          </rdf:Description>
        </bqbiol:isPartOf>
        <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/chebi/CHEBI:35225"/>
      </rdf:Description>
    </bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340"/>
    <dcterms:description>concentration of sarcolemmal membrane buffer</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#sarcoplasmic_reticulum.J_RyR">
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593"/>
    <dcterms:description>calcium flux out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum via ryanodine receptors</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C5.k52">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC5 to PC2</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#O.O">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of open L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#RyR_transition_probabilities.k45">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PO4 to PC5</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#RyR_transition_probabilities.k21">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC2 to PC1</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca3.C3">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C4.beta">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_O4.k34">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PO3 to PO4</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C3.C2">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca3.b">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.Ca_o">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_0">
        <bqbiol:isPartOf>
          <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_1">
            <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/fma/FMA:70022"/>
          </rdf:Description>
        </bqbiol:isPartOf>
        <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/chebi/CHEBI:29108"/>
      </rdf:Description>
    </bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340"/>
    <dcterms:description>concentration of extracellular calcium</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#DHPR_transition_probabilities.omega">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca1.omega">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.RyR_open">
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor channel open state</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca3.omega">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C2.k21">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC2 to PC1</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.O">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of open L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#RyR_transition_probabilities.k56">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC5 to PC6</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#O_Ca.f_">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel transition rate into open state for calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C2.a">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#RyR_transition_probabilities.k32">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PO3 to PC2</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C5.k65">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC6 to PC5</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca0.alpha_">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_O4.k45">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PO4 to PC5</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca4.C_Ca4">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels in calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C3.C3">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca0.gamma">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C2.P_O3">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of ryanodine receptor channels in open state PO3</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#sarcoplasmic_reticulum.V_JSR">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf rdf:resource="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_12"/>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00154"/>
    <dcterms:description>junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum volume</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca4.g_">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel transition rate out of open state for calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.beta_SS">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf rdf:resource="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_2"/>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340"/>
    <dcterms:description>subspace buffering</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.O_Ca">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of open L-type calcium channels in calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.R">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00410"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C2.k12">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC1 to PC2</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.K_BSL">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
      <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_9">
        <bqbiol:isPartOf rdf:resource="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_10"/>
        <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/chebi/CHEBI:29108"/>
      </rdf:Description>
    </bqbiol:isPropertyOf>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340"/>
    <dcterms:description>calcium dissociation constant of sarcolemmal membrane buffer</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C2.b">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca2.gamma">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#RyR_transition_probabilities.k43">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PO4 to PO3</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.J_DHPR">
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593"/>
    <dcterms:description>calcium flux through L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_O3.P_O4">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of ryanodine receptor channels in open state PO4</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C3.C4">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C5.P_C2">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of ryanodine receptor channels in resting state PC2</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca4.a">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca4.C_Ca3">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels in calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#sarcolemma.Ca_o">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf rdf:resource="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_0"/>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340"/>
    <dcterms:description>concentration of extracellular calcium</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C3.beta">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#sarcoplasmic_reticulum.Ca_JSR">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf rdf:resource="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_11"/>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340"/>
    <dcterms:description>concentration of calcium in junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C2.C1">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C2.k23">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC2 to PO3</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#sarcoplasmic_reticulum.J_tr">
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593"/>
    <dcterms:description>calcium flux from network sarcoplasmic reticulum to junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#sarcoplasmic_reticulum.V_SS">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf rdf:resource="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_2"/>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00154"/>
    <dcterms:description>subspace volume</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C2.omega">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#RyR_transition_probabilities.k54">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC5 to PO4</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.Ca_myo">
    <bqbiol:isPropertyOf rdf:resource="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#entity_10"/>
    <bqbiol:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340"/>
    <dcterms:description>concentration of intracellular calcium</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_O3.P_O3">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of ryanodine receptor channels in open state PO3</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C0.C_Ca0">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels in calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca4.b">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.I_DHPR">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium current</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca4.f_">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel transition rate into open state for calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_O4.k43">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PO4 to PO3</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#DHPR_transition_probabilities.g_">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel transition rate out of open state for calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca2.C2">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C_Ca3.alpha_">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C2.C2">
    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#subspace.T">
    <dcterms:description>absolute temperature</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#DHPR_transition_probabilities.alpha">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#DHPR_transition_probabilities.beta">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#DHPR_transition_probabilities.f_">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel transition rate into open state for calcium mode</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C3.a">
    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C5.k56">
    <bqbiol:is rdf:resource="https://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01296"/>
    <dcterms:description>ryanodine receptor transition rate from state PC5 to PC6</dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:description>L-type calcium channel mode transition parameter</dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:description>absolute temperature</dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:description>fraction of open L-type calcium channels in calcium mode</dcterms:description>
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    <dcterms:description>fraction of closed L-type calcium channels in calcium mode</dcterms:description>
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     semsim:modelName="rice_winslow_jafri_1999_version01"
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    <semsim:unknown>Cardiac Myocyte</semsim:unknown>
    <semsim:unknown>The Rice et al. 1999 model of the functional Ca2+ release unit.</semsim:unknown>
    <semsim:hasCellMLdocumentation>&lt;documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation"&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;article&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;articleinfo&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;title&gt;Modelling the Functional Ca2+ Release Unit&lt;/title&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;author&gt;&#xD;
        &lt;firstname&gt;Catherine&lt;/firstname&gt;&#xD;
        &lt;surname&gt;Lloyd&lt;/surname&gt;&#xD;
        &lt;affiliation&gt;&#xD;
          &lt;shortaffil&gt;Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland&lt;/shortaffil&gt;&#xD;
        &lt;/affiliation&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;/author&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/articleinfo&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;sect1 id="sec_structure"&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;title&gt;Model Structure&lt;/title&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;para&gt;&#xD;
        Calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) in cardiac muscle displays both gradedness and high gain.  It is graded because release of Ca&#xD;
        &lt;superscript&gt;2+&lt;/superscript&gt;&#xD;
        from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is proportional to the influx of trigger Ca&#xD;
        &lt;superscript&gt;2+&lt;/superscript&gt;&#xD;
        , and high gain refers to the observation that Ca&#xD;
        &lt;superscript&gt;2+&lt;/superscript&gt;&#xD;
        release from the SR is much greater than the trigger influx.  Inherent to such high-gain systems is positive feedback, which causes an all-or-nothing response rather than graded Ca&#xD;
        &lt;superscript&gt;2+&lt;/superscript&gt;&#xD;
        release.  Such behaviour is predicted by all mathematical models in which sarcolemmal Ca&#xD;
        &lt;superscript&gt;2+&lt;/superscript&gt;&#xD;
        influx and SR Ca&#xD;
        &lt;superscript&gt;2+&lt;/superscript&gt;&#xD;
        release are directed into a single compartment, or common pool model.&#xD;
      &lt;/para&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;para&gt;&#xD;
        The previous (1998) model of cardiac calcium handling, (see&#xD;
        &lt;ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_JRW_MODEL}"&gt;Jafri-Rice-Winslow Ventricular Model, 1998&lt;/ulink&gt;&#xD;
        ) by the authors was an example of a common pool model.  While it was able to simulate frequency-dependent aspects of cardiac Ca&#xD;
        &lt;superscript&gt;2+&lt;/superscript&gt;&#xD;
        cycling and high gain, it also displayed an all-or-none rather than a graded Ca&#xD;
        &lt;superscript&gt;2+&lt;/superscript&gt;&#xD;
        release.  By contrast, their 1999 model (see the figure below) is based on functional release units (FRUs) formulated from one sarcolemmal dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR), eight ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels, and the volume (subspace) surrounding them.  It is assumed that a variable number of independent FRUs can be recruited to produce graded Ca&#xD;
        &lt;superscript&gt;2+&lt;/superscript&gt;&#xD;
        release.  Voltage-gated DHPR channels open adjacent RyRs via a localised increase in [Ca&#xD;
        &lt;superscript&gt;2+&lt;/superscript&gt;&#xD;
        ].&#xD;
      &lt;/para&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;para&gt;&#xD;
        Results obtained with the stochastic model suggest that high gain and gradedness can occur by the recruitment of independent FRUs without requiring spatial [Ca&#xD;
        &lt;superscript&gt;2+&lt;/superscript&gt;&#xD;
        ] gradients within a functional unit, or coupling between adjacent units.&#xD;
      &lt;/para&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;para&gt;The complete original paper reference is cited below:&lt;/para&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;para&gt;&#xD;
        &lt;ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/abstract/77/4/1871"&gt;&#xD;
          Modeling Gain and Gradedness of Ca&#xD;
          &lt;superscript&gt;2+&lt;/superscript&gt;&#xD;
          Release in the Functional Unit of the Cardiac Diadic Space&#xD;
        &lt;/ulink&gt;&#xD;
        John J. Rice, Saleet Jafri and Raimond L. Winslow, 1999,&#xD;
        &lt;ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/"&gt;&#xD;
          &lt;emphasis&gt;Biophysical Journal&lt;/emphasis&gt;&#xD;
        &lt;/ulink&gt;&#xD;
        , 77, 1871-1884.  (&#xD;
        &lt;ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/full/77/4/1871"&gt;Full text&lt;/ulink&gt;&#xD;
        and&#xD;
        &lt;ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/reprint/77/4/1871.pdf"&gt;PDF&lt;/ulink&gt;&#xD;
        versions of the article are available for Journal Members on the Biophysical Journal website.)&#xD;
        &lt;ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;amp;db=PubMed&amp;amp;list_uids=10512809&amp;amp;dopt=Abstract"&gt;PubMed ID: 10512809&lt;/ulink&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;/para&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram"&gt;&#xD;
        &lt;mediaobject&gt;&#xD;
          &lt;imageobject&gt;&#xD;
            &lt;objectinfo&gt;&#xD;
              &lt;title&gt;cell_diagram&lt;/title&gt;&#xD;
            &lt;/objectinfo&gt;&#xD;
            &lt;imagedata fileref="rice_1999.png" /&gt;&#xD;
          &lt;/imageobject&gt;&#xD;
        &lt;/mediaobject&gt;&#xD;
        &lt;caption&gt;A) Schematic diagram of the functional release unit model.  B) State diagram of the DHPR Channel.  C) State diagram of the RyR channel.&lt;/caption&gt;&#xD;
      &lt;/informalfigure&gt;&#xD;
    &lt;/sect1&gt;&#xD;
  &lt;/article&gt;&#xD;
&lt;/documentation&gt;</semsim:hasCellMLdocumentation>
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#C4.O">
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_O4.P_C5">
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  <rdf:Description rdf:about="./rice_winslow_jafri_1999.cellml#P_C5.k54">
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