- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2007-08-31 22:22:26+12:00
- Desc:
- committing version01 of dash_bassingthwaighte_2004
- Permanent Source URI:
- http://models.cellml.org/workspace/dash_bassingthwaighte_2004/rawfile/f7f8750ef5e9e8ce33a7e8c7c5bc55bb66302019/dash_bassingthwaighte_2004.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!-- FILE : dash_model_2004.xml
CREATED : 5th July 2007
LAST MODIFIED : 5th July 2007
AUTHOR : Catherine Lloyd
Bioengineering Institute
The University of Auckland
MODEL STATUS : This model conforms to the CellML 1.1 Specification.
DESCRIPTION : This file contains a CellML description of a reduced version of Dash and Bassingthwaighte's 2004 mathematical model for O2 and CO2 saturations of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
CHANGES:
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" cmeta:id="dash_model_2004" name="dash_bassingthwaighte_model_2004_version01">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Blood HbO2 and HbCO2 Dissociation Curves at Varies O2, CO2, pH, 2,3-DPG and Temperature Levels</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
As blood flows through capillaries the affinity of the protein hemoglobin (Hb) for oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) changes. This affinity is dependent on the relative concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide, on the temperature and on the pH of the blood. For example as blood flows through metabolically active tissues it becomes warmer, its pH decreases (the blood becomes more acidic), and the rising partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) all act to reduce the affinity of Hb for O2. Combined, this causes the Hb in the blood to release O2 into the respiring tissue. In contrast, for blood flowing through the lungs, the reduced temperature, rise in pH (the blood becomes more alkaline), and the loss of CO2 all in crease the affinity of Hb for O2. Together, the conditions in the lung and the respiring tissues maximise the delivery of O2 from the alveolar air to the tissues.
</para>
<para>
The literature contains several examples of mathematical models which have been developed to describe the dissociation of HbO2 under different physiological conditions. In the model presented here, Ranjan Dash and James Bassingthwaighte formulate equations to describe the O2 and CO2 saturation of Hb in red blood cells. They suggest this relatively simple model can be adopted to to simultaneously analyse the transport and exchange of O2 and CO2 in the alveoli-blood and blood-tissue exchange systems. This paper is cited below:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.springerlink.com/content/k2wg35m5574n540j/">Blood HbO2 and HbCO2 dissociation curves at varied O2, CO2, pH, 2,3-DPG and temperature levels</ulink>, Ranjan K. Dash and James B. Bassingthwaighte, 2004, <ulink url="http://www.springerlink.com/content/111241/">
<emphasis>Annals of Biomedical Engineering</emphasis>
</ulink>, 32, 1676-1693. (A <ulink url="http://www.springerlink.com/content/k2wg35m5574n540j/fulltext.pdf">PDF</ulink> version of the article is available to journal subscribers on the <emphasis>Annals of Biomedical Engineering</emphasis> website.) <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=15682524&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum">PubMed ID: 15682524</ulink>
</para>
<para>
It should be noted that this particular CellML description of the Dash-Bassingthwaighte model is a reduced version of the complete model. A complete translation of the model into CellML was attempted but the model was underconstrained due to circular arguments.
</para>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<units name="mmHg">
<unit units="pascal" multiplier="133.3223684211"/>
</units>
<units name="molar">
<unit units="mole"/>
<unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="per_molar">
<unit units="molar" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="nanomolar">
<unit units="molar" prefix="nano"/>
</units>
<units name="micromolar">
<unit units="molar" prefix="micro"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar">
<unit units="molar" prefix="milli"/>
</units>
<units name="ml_ml">
<unit units="litre" prefix="milli"/>
<unit units="litre" prefix="milli" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="M_mmHg">
<unit units="molar"/>
<unit units="mmHg" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="celsius_1">
<unit units="celsius" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="celsius_2">
<unit units="celsius" exponent="-2"/>
</units>
<units name="M_mmHg_ml_ml">
<unit units="M_mmHg"/>
<unit units="ml_ml" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units base_units="yes" name="pH"/>
<component cmeta:id="SHbO2" name="SHbO2">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="SHbO2"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="KHbO2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="O2"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> SHbO2 </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KHbO2 </ci>
<ci> O2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KHbO2 </ci>
<ci> O2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="SHbCO2" name="SHbCO2">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="SHbCO2"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="KHbCO2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="CO2"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> SHbCO2 </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KHbCO2 </ci>
<ci> CO2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KHbCO2 </ci>
<ci> CO2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="KHbO2" name="KHbO2">
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="out" name="KHbO2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="CO2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="Hrbc"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="K2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="K2_"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="K3"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="K3_"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="K4"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="K5_"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="K6_"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> KHbO2 </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K4 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K3 </ci>
<ci> CO2 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> K3_ </ci>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
<ci> K6_ </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K2 </ci>
<ci> CO2 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> K2_ </ci>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
<ci> K5_ </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="KHbCO2" name="KHbCO2">
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="out" name="KHbCO2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="O2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="Hrbc"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="K2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="K2_"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="K3"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="K3_"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="K4"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="K5_"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="K6_"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> KHbCO2 </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K2 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> K2_ </ci>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K3 </ci>
<ci> K4 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> K3_ </ci>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> O2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
<ci> K5_ </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K4 </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
<ci> K6_ </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> O2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="K4" name="K4">
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="out" name="K4"/>
<variable units="micromolar" public_interface="in" name="O2_S"/>
<variable units="nanomolar" public_interface="in" name="H_S"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="n1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="n2"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="CO2_S"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="in" name="K4_"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="n0"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="O2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="CO2"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="Hrbc"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> K4 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K4_ </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> O2 </ci>
<ci> O2_S </ci>
</apply>
<ci> n0 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
<ci> H_S </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> n1 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> CO2 </ci>
<ci> CO2_S </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> n2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="O2" name="O2">
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="O2"/>
<variable units="M_mmHg" public_interface="in" name="alpha_O2"/>
<variable units="mmHg" public_interface="in" name="PO2"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> O2 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_O2 </ci>
<ci> PO2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="CO2" name="CO2">
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="CO2"/>
<variable units="M_mmHg" public_interface="in" name="alpha_CO2"/>
<variable units="mmHg" public_interface="in" name="PCO2"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> CO2 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_CO2 </ci>
<ci> PCO2 </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="alpha_O2" name="alpha_O2">
<variable units="M_mmHg" public_interface="out" name="alpha_O2"/>
<variable units="ml_ml" public_interface="in" name="Wpl"/>
<variable units="celsius" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_O2 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.37 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="celsius_1"> 0.0137 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> T </ci>
<cn cellml:units="celsius"> 37.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="celsius_2"> 0.00058 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> T </ci>
<cn cellml:units="celsius"> 37.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="M_mmHg_ml_ml"> 1E-6 </cn>
<ci> Wpl </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="alpha_CO2" name="alpha_CO2">
<variable units="M_mmHg" public_interface="out" name="alpha_CO2"/>
<variable units="ml_ml" public_interface="in" name="Wpl"/>
<variable units="celsius" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_CO2 </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.07 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="celsius_1"> 0.057 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> T </ci>
<cn cellml:units="celsius"> 37.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="celsius_2"> 0.002 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> T </ci>
<cn cellml:units="celsius"> 37.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="M_mmHg_ml_ml"> 1E-5 </cn>
<ci> Wpl </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="model_parameters">
<variable units="ml_ml" public_interface="out" name="Wpl" initial_value="0.94"/>
<variable units="celsius" public_interface="out" name="T" initial_value="37.0"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="out" name="K2" initial_value="29.5"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="K2_" initial_value="1E-6"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="out" name="K3" initial_value="25.1"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="K3_" initial_value="1E-6"/>
<variable units="per_molar" public_interface="out" name="K4_" initial_value="202123.0"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="K5_" initial_value="2.63E-8"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="K6_" initial_value="1.91E-8"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Rrbc" initial_value="0.69"/>
<variable units="micromolar" public_interface="out" name="O2_S" initial_value="146.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="CO2_S" initial_value="1.31"/>
<variable units="nanomolar" public_interface="out" name="H_S" initial_value="57.5"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="n0" initial_value="1.7"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="n1" initial_value="1.06"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="n2" initial_value="0.12"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="Hrbc"/>
<variable units="mmHg" public_interface="out" name="PO2" initial_value="100.0"/>
<variable units="mmHg" public_interface="out" name="PCO2" initial_value="40.0"/>
<variable units="molar" name="Hpl"/>
<variable units="pH" name="pHpl" initial_value="7.24"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> Hpl </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<cn cellml:units="molar"> 10.0 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> pHpl </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci> Hrbc </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Hpl </ci>
<ci> Rrbc </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="KHbO2" component_1="SHbO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="KHbO2" variable_1="KHbO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="O2" component_1="SHbO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="O2" variable_1="O2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="KHbCO2" component_1="SHbCO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="KHbCO2" variable_1="KHbCO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="CO2" component_1="SHbCO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CO2" variable_1="CO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="KHbO2" component_1="CO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CO2" variable_1="CO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="KHbO2" component_1="K4"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K4" variable_1="K4"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="model_parameters" component_1="KHbO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Hrbc" variable_1="Hrbc"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K2" variable_1="K2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K2_" variable_1="K2_"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K3" variable_1="K3"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K3_" variable_1="K3_"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K5_" variable_1="K5_"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K6_" variable_1="K6_"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="KHbCO2" component_1="O2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="O2" variable_1="O2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="K4" component_1="O2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="O2" variable_1="O2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="K4" component_1="CO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CO2" variable_1="CO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="KHbCO2" component_1="K4"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K4" variable_1="K4"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="model_parameters" component_1="KHbCO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Hrbc" variable_1="Hrbc"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K2" variable_1="K2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K2_" variable_1="K2_"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K3" variable_1="K3"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K3_" variable_1="K3_"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K5_" variable_1="K5_"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K6_" variable_1="K6_"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="alpha_O2" component_1="O2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="alpha_O2" variable_1="alpha_O2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="model_parameters" component_1="O2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="PO2" variable_1="PO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="alpha_CO2" component_1="CO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="alpha_CO2" variable_1="alpha_CO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="model_parameters" component_1="CO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="PCO2" variable_1="PCO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="model_parameters" component_1="K4"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Hrbc" variable_1="Hrbc"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K4_" variable_1="K4_"/>
<map_variables variable_2="H_S" variable_1="H_S"/>
<map_variables variable_2="n0" variable_1="n0"/>
<map_variables variable_2="n1" variable_1="n1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="n2" variable_1="n2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="O2_S" variable_1="O2_S"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CO2_S" variable_1="CO2_S"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="model_parameters" component_1="alpha_O2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Wpl" variable_1="Wpl"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="model_parameters" component_1="alpha_CO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Wpl" variable_1="Wpl"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
</connection>
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Bag rdf:about="rdf:#24cd48f0-a182-41f9-8a88-8ef46c364c65">
<rdf:li>oxygen</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>carbon dioxide</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>hemoglobin</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>lungs</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>gas exchange</rdf:li>
</rdf:Bag>
<rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#36ca91b9-04ec-4308-b522-804545204f15">
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#80843564-37a6-425f-99a9-c704b4a64daa"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#2e02e117-f5b8-4e10-9eac-df4f718705ed"/>
</rdf:Seq>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#dash_model_2004">
<dc:title>
A reduced version of Dash and Bassingthwaighte's 2004 mathematical model for O2 and CO2 saturations of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
</dc:title>
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#de2a6f73-839d-4440-88a9-700b02bd8ed7"/>
<bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#beb1441d-c54d-4c06-bddc-dbd0aa4dff9b"/>
<bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#e95845db-f679-4ac9-8b47-d604ea3d5381"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="">
<dc:publisher>The University of Auckland, Bioengineering Institute</dc:publisher>
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<dcterms:alternative>carbon dioxide concentration</dcterms:alternative>
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<vCard:Given>Ranjan</vCard:Given>
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<vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
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<dc:title>Annals of Biomedical Engineering</dc:title>
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<dcterms:alternative>Hill coefficient for the carbon dioxide saturation of hemoglobin</dcterms:alternative>
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<dc:title>Blood HbO2 and HbCO2 dissociation curves at varied O2, CO2, pH, 2,3-DPG and temperature levels</dc:title>
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<dcterms:alternative>equilibruim constant for association and dissociation of oxygen with HmNH2</dcterms:alternative>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2004-12-00 00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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