- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2008-04-03 02:48:46+13:00
- Desc:
- committing version01 of guyton_muscle_blood_flow_control_2008
- Permanent Source URI:
- http://models.cellml.org/workspace/guyton_muscle_blood_flow_control_2008/rawfile/02ec02744a4baa870deb23f3f824e6c755cfd082/guyton_muscle_blood_flow_control_2008.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" name="muscle_autoregulatory_local_blood_flow_control_CellML1_0_model" cmeta:id="muscle_autoregulatory_local_blood_flow_control_CellML1_0_model">
<!-- ======================================== DOCUMENTATION ============================================= -->
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Guyton Model: muscle_autoregulatory_local_blood_flow_control</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This CellML model has not been validated. The equations in this file may contain errors and the output from the model may not conform to the results from the MODSIM program. Due to the differences between procedural code (in this case C-code) and declarative languages (CellML), some aspects of the original model were not able to be encapsulated by the CellML model (such as the damping of variables). Work is underway to fix these omissions and validate the CellML model. We also anticipate that many of these problems will be fixed when the CellML 1.0 models are combined in a CellML 1.1 format.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
Arthur Guyton (1919-2003) was an American physiologist who became famous for his 1950s experiments in which he studied the physiology of cardiac output and its relationship with the peripheral circulation. The results of these experiments challenged the conventional wisdom that it was the heart itself that controlled cardiac output. Instead Guyton demonstrated that it was the need of the body tissues for oxygen which was the real regulator of cardiac output. The "Guyton Curves" describe the relationship between right atrial pressures and cardiac output, and they form a foundation for understanding the physiology of circulation.
</para>
<para>
The Guyton model of fluid, electrolyte, and circulatory regulation is an extensive mathematical model of human circulatory physiology, capable of simulating a variety of experimental conditions, and contains a number of linked subsystems relating to circulation and its neuroendocrine control.
</para>
<para>
This is a CellML translation of the Guyton model of the regulation of the circulatory system. The complete model consists of separate modules each of which characterise a separate physiological subsystems. The Circulation Dynamics is the primary system, to which other modules/blocks are connected. The other modules characterise the dynamics of the kidney, electrolytes and cell water, thirst and drinking, hormone regulation, autonomic regulation, cardiovascular system etc, and these feedback on the central circulation model. The CellML code in these modules is based on the C code from the programme C-MODSIM created by Dr Jean-Pierre Montani.
</para>
<para>
The circulatory system is divided into three separate parts for blood flow control:(1) the kidneys which are presented in an entirely separate CellML model; (2) non-muscle local blood flow control; and (3) muscle local blood flow control. This particular CellML model describes muscle autoregulatory local blood flow control. Autoregulation in the muscles is similar to that in the non-muscle tissues except that only two parallel autoregulatory circuits are given. One of these is an extremely short-term autoregulatory circuit that allows rapid adjustment of muscle blood flow to muscle metabolism during muscle activity, and the other is a very long-term autoregulatory circuit.
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="full_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>model diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="full_model.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A systems analysis diagram for the full Guyton model describing circulation regulation.</caption>
</informalfigure>
<informalfigure float="0" id="muscle_autoregulatory_local_blood_flow_control_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>model diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="m_blood_flow.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A schematic diagram of the components and processes described in the current CellML model.</caption>
</informalfigure>
<para>
There are several publications referring to the Guyton model. One of these papers is cited below:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ph.34.030172.000305">Circulation: Overall Regulation</ulink>, A.C. Guyton, T.G. Coleman, and H.J. Granger, 1972, <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/">
<emphasis>Annual Review of Physiology</emphasis>
</ulink>, 34, 13-44. (A <ulink url="http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.ph.34.030172.000305?cookieSet=1">PDF</ulink> version of the article are available to journal subscribers on the <emphasis>Annual Review of Physiology</emphasis> website.) <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=4334846&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum">PubMed ID: 4334846</ulink>
</para>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<!-- ===================================================================================================================== -->
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#muscle_autoregulatory_local_blood_flow_control_CellML1_0_model">
<rdf:value>
The circulatory system is divided into three separate parts for blood flow control:
(1) the kidneys which are presented in an entirely separate section of this model;
(2) non-muscle local blood flow control; and (3) muscle local blood flow control.
Muscle Autoregulatory Local Blood Flow Control
Autoregulation in the muscles is similar to that in the non-muscle tissues except
that only two parallel autoregulatory circuits are given. One of these is an
extremely short-term autoregulatory circuit that allows rapid adjustment of muscle
blood flow to muscle metabolism during muscle activity, and the other is a very
long-term autoregulatory circuit.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<!-- ======================================== ENVIRONMENT COMPONENT ============================================= -->
<component name="environment">
<variable name="time" units="second" private_interface="none" public_interface="out"/>
</component>
<!-- ======================================== MUSCLE AUTOREGULATORY LOCAL BLOOD FLOW CONTROL TOP-LEVEL COMPONENT ============================================= -->
<component name="muscle_autoregulatory_local_blood_flow_control" cmeta:id="muscle_autoregulatory_local_blood_flow_control">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#muscle_autoregulatory_local_blood_flow_control">
<rdf:value>
Encapsulation grouping component containing all the components in the Muscle Autoregulatory Local Blood
Flow Control Model. The inputs and outputs of the Muscle Autoregulatory Local Blood Flow Control Model
must be passed by this component.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable name="time" units="second" private_interface="out" public_interface="in"/>
<!-- Inputs from components in other models -->
<variable name="PMO" initial_value="38.0666" units="dimensionless" private_interface="out" public_interface="none"/>
</component>
<!-- INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="muscle_autoregulatory_local_blood_flow_control" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<!-- ======================================== MUSCLE AUTOREGULATORY DRIVING FORCE ============================================= -->
<component name="M_autoregulatory_driving_force" cmeta:id="M_autoregulatory_driving_force">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#M_autoregulatory_driving_force">
<rdf:value>
ARM1:
Calculation of the driving force for autoregulation in the muscles (PDO) by subtracting
a set-point value from the pressure of oxygen in the muscle tissues (PMO).
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<!-- Inputs from other components -->
<variable name="PMO" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="in"/>
<!-- Outputs to other components -->
<variable name="PDO" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="out"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="ARM1">
<eq/>
<ci>PDO</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>PMO</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">38</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="M_autoregulatory_driving_force" component_2="muscle_autoregulatory_local_blood_flow_control"/>
<map_variables variable_1="PMO" variable_2="PMO"/>
</connection>
<!-- ======================================== MUSCLE SHORT-TERM AUTOREGULATION ============================================= -->
<component name="M_short_term_autoregulation" cmeta:id="M_short_term_autoregulation">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#M_short_term_autoregulation">
<rdf:value>
Containment grouping component for "M_ST_sensitivity_control" and "M_ST_time_delay_and_damping".
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</component>
<!-- ======================================== MUSCLE SHORT_TERM SENSITIVITY CONTROL ============================================= -->
<component name="M_ST_sensitivity_control" cmeta:id="M_ST_sensitivity_control">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#M_ST_sensitivity_control">
<rdf:value>
ARM2 and ARM3:
Sensitivity control for the short-term muscle autoregulation, controlled by the
variable (POM), and the driving output oxygen pressure is the variable POE.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<!-- Inputs from other components -->
<variable name="PDO" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="in"/>
<!-- Outputs to other components -->
<variable name="POE" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="out"/>
<!-- Parameters from parameter_file -->
<variable name="POM" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="ARM2_and_ARM3">
<eq/>
<ci>POE</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>PDO</ci>
<ci>POM</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="M_ST_sensitivity_control" component_2="M_autoregulatory_driving_force"/>
<map_variables variable_1="PDO" variable_2="PDO"/>
</connection>
<!-- PARAMETER CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="M_ST_sensitivity_control" component_2="parameter_values"/>
<map_variables variable_1="POM" variable_2="POM"/>
</connection>
<!-- ======================================== MUSCLE SHORT-TERM TIME-DELAY AND LOWER LIMIT ============================================= -->
<component name="M_ST_time_delay_and_limit" cmeta:id="M_ST_time_delay_and_limit">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#M_ST_time_delay_and_limit">
<rdf:value>
ARM5, ARM6, and ARM7:
Time delay mechanism for the rapid autoregulation, allowing the output of
Block ARM7 (AMM1) to approach POE with a time constant of A4K.
ARM7A:
This sets a lower limit (AMM4) for the variable AMM1.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<!-- Inputs from other components -->
<variable name="POE" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" private_interface="none" public_interface="in"/>
<!-- Outputs to other components -->
<variable name="AMM1" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="out"/>
<!-- Parameters from parameter_file -->
<variable name="A4K" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="AMM4" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="AMM1T" initial_value="1.00269" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="none"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="ARM5_to_ARM7">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>AMM1T</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>POE</ci>
<ci>AMM1T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>A4K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="ARM7A">
<eq/>
<ci>AMM1</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<ci>AMM4</ci>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>AMM1T</ci>
<ci>AMM4</ci>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<ci>AMM1T</ci>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="M_ST_time_delay_and_limit" component_2="M_ST_sensitivity_control"/>
<map_variables variable_1="POE" variable_2="POE"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="M_ST_time_delay_and_limit" component_2="muscle_autoregulatory_local_blood_flow_control"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<!-- PARAMETER CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="M_ST_time_delay_and_limit" component_2="parameter_values"/>
<map_variables variable_1="A4K" variable_2="A4K"/>
<map_variables variable_1="AMM4" variable_2="AMM4"/>
</connection>
<!-- ======================================== MUSCLE LONG-TERM AUTOREGULATION ============================================= -->
<component name="M_long_term_autoregulation" cmeta:id="M_long_term_autoregulation">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#M_long_term_autoregulation">
<rdf:value>
Containment grouping component for "M_LT_sensitivity_control" and
"M_LT_time_delay".
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</component>
<!-- ======================================== MUSCLE LONG-TERM SENSITIVITY CONTROL ============================================= -->
<component name="M_LT_sensitivity_control" cmeta:id="M_LT_sensitivity_control">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#M_LT_sensitivity_control">
<rdf:value>
ARM8:
Sensitivity control for controlling the long-term autoregulation in the muscles.
The variable that controls the sensitivity is POM2.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<!-- Inputs from other components -->
<variable name="PDO" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="in"/>
<!-- Outputs to other components -->
<variable name="POF" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="out"/>
<!-- Parameters from parameter_file -->
<variable name="POM2" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="ARM8_and_part_ARM9">
<eq/>
<ci>POF</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>POM2</ci>
<ci>PDO</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="M_LT_sensitivity_control" component_2="M_autoregulatory_driving_force"/>
<map_variables variable_1="PDO" variable_2="PDO"/>
</connection>
<!-- PARAMETER CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="M_LT_sensitivity_control" component_2="parameter_values"/>
<map_variables variable_1="POM2" variable_2="POM2"/>
</connection>
<!-- ======================================== MUSCLE LONG-TERM TIME DELAY ============================================= -->
<component name="M_LT_time_delay" cmeta:id="M_LT_time_delay">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#M_LT_time_delay">
<rdf:value>
ARM9, ARM10, and ARM11:
Time delay system for long-term autoregulation in muscle with a time constant
equal to A4K2 and an output of AMM2.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<!-- Inputs from other components -->
<variable name="POF" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="second" private_interface="none" public_interface="in"/>
<!-- Outputs to other components -->
<variable name="AMM2" initial_value="1.09071" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="out"/>
<!-- Parameters from parameter_file -->
<variable name="A4K2" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="ARM9_cont_to_ARM11">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>AMM2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>POF</ci>
<ci>AMM2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>A4K2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="M_LT_time_delay" component_2="M_LT_sensitivity_control"/>
<map_variables variable_1="POF" variable_2="POF"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="M_LT_time_delay" component_2="muscle_autoregulatory_local_blood_flow_control"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<!-- PARAMETER CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="M_LT_time_delay" component_2="parameter_values"/>
<map_variables variable_1="A4K2" variable_2="A4K2"/>
</connection>
<!-- ======================================== GLOBAL MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW AUTOREGULATION OUTPUT ============================================= -->
<component name="global_M_blood_flow_autoregulation_output" cmeta:id="global_M_blood_flow_autoregulation_output">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#global_M_blood_flow_autoregulation_output">
<rdf:value>
ARM12:
Multiplication of the outputs of the two parallel muscle autoregulatory
systems (AMM1 and AMM2) to given an overall multiplier factor for muscle
autoregulation (AMM) that in turn controls vascular resistance in the muscles.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<!-- Inputs from other components -->
<variable name="AMM1" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="AMM2" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="in"/>
<!-- Outputs to other components -->
<variable name="AMM" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="out"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="ARM12">
<eq/>
<ci>AMM</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>AMM1</ci>
<ci>AMM2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="global_M_blood_flow_autoregulation_output" component_2="M_ST_time_delay_and_limit"/>
<map_variables variable_1="AMM1" variable_2="AMM1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="global_M_blood_flow_autoregulation_output" component_2="M_LT_time_delay"/>
<map_variables variable_1="AMM2" variable_2="AMM2"/>
</connection>
<!-- ========================================================== PARAMETER VALUES ================================================================ -->
<component name="parameter_values" cmeta:id="parameter_values">
<variable name="POM" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.04" private_interface="none" public_interface="out"/> <!-- sensitivity control, rapid muscle autoregulation [P] -->
<variable name="A4K" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.1" private_interface="none" public_interface="out"/> <!-- time constant, rapid muscle autoregulation [P] -->
<variable name="AMM4" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.005" private_interface="none" public_interface="out"/> <!-- AMM1 lower limit [P] -->
<variable name="POM2" units="dimensionless" initial_value="2" private_interface="none" public_interface="out"/> <!-- sensitivity control, long-term muscle autoregulation [P] -->
<variable name="A4K2" units="dimensionless" initial_value="40000" private_interface="none" public_interface="out"/> <!-- time constant, long-term muscle autoregulation [P] -->
</component>
<!-- ============================================================ GROUPING =============================================================== -->
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="muscle_autoregulatory_local_blood_flow_control">
<component_ref component="M_autoregulatory_driving_force"/>
<component_ref component="M_short_term_autoregulation">
<component_ref component="M_ST_sensitivity_control"/>
<component_ref component="M_ST_time_delay_and_limit"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="M_long_term_autoregulation">
<component_ref component="M_LT_sensitivity_control"/>
<component_ref component="M_LT_time_delay"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="global_M_blood_flow_autoregulation_output"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="muscle_autoregulatory_local_blood_flow_control">
<component_ref component="parameter_values"/>
<component_ref component="M_autoregulatory_driving_force"/>
<component_ref component="M_short_term_autoregulation"/>
<component_ref component="M_ST_sensitivity_control"/>
<component_ref component="M_ST_time_delay_and_limit"/>
<component_ref component="M_long_term_autoregulation"/>
<component_ref component="M_LT_sensitivity_control"/>
<component_ref component="M_LT_time_delay"/>
<component_ref component="global_M_blood_flow_autoregulation_output"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#M_ST_time_delay_and_limit">
<rdf:value>
ARM5, ARM6, and ARM7:
Time delay mechanism for the rapid autoregulation, allowing the output of
Block ARM7 (AMM1) to approach POE with a time constant of A4K.
ARM7A:
This sets a lower limit (AMM4) for the variable AMM1.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#muscle_autoregulatory_local_blood_flow_control">
<rdf:value>
Encapsulation grouping component containing all the components in the Muscle Autoregulatory Local Blood
Flow Control Model. The inputs and outputs of the Muscle Autoregulatory Local Blood Flow Control Model
must be passed by this component.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#M_short_term_autoregulation">
<rdf:value>
Containment grouping component for "M_ST_sensitivity_control" and "M_ST_time_delay_and_damping".
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#M_long_term_autoregulation">
<rdf:value>
Containment grouping component for "M_LT_sensitivity_control" and
"M_LT_time_delay".
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#M_LT_sensitivity_control">
<rdf:value>
ARM8:
Sensitivity control for controlling the long-term autoregulation in the muscles.
The variable that controls the sensitivity is POM2.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#M_autoregulatory_driving_force">
<rdf:value>
ARM1:
Calculation of the driving force for autoregulation in the muscles (PDO) by subtracting
a set-point value from the pressure of oxygen in the muscle tissues (PMO).
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#muscle_autoregulatory_local_blood_flow_control_CellML1_0_model">
<rdf:value>
The circulatory system is divided into three separate parts for blood flow control:
(1) the kidneys which are presented in an entirely separate section of this model;
(2) non-muscle local blood flow control; and (3) muscle local blood flow control.
Muscle Autoregulatory Local Blood Flow Control
Autoregulation in the muscles is similar to that in the non-muscle tissues except
that only two parallel autoregulatory circuits are given. One of these is an
extremely short-term autoregulatory circuit that allows rapid adjustment of muscle
blood flow to muscle metabolism during muscle activity, and the other is a very
long-term autoregulatory circuit.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#M_ST_sensitivity_control">
<rdf:value>
ARM2 and ARM3:
Sensitivity control for the short-term muscle autoregulation, controlled by the
variable (POM), and the driving output oxygen pressure is the variable POE.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#global_M_blood_flow_autoregulation_output">
<rdf:value>
ARM12:
Multiplication of the outputs of the two parallel muscle autoregulatory
systems (AMM1 and AMM2) to given an overall multiplier factor for muscle
autoregulation (AMM) that in turn controls vascular resistance in the muscles.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#M_LT_time_delay">
<rdf:value>
ARM9, ARM10, and ARM11:
Time delay system for long-term autoregulation in muscle with a time constant
equal to A4K2 and an output of AMM2.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</model>
