- Author:
- jonna <devnull@localhost>
- Date:
- 2009-07-16 14:43:03+12:00
- Desc:
- Added General Files. Changed links of dependencies so can open from web-browser. Added RDF metadata for citation and keywords, removed publication link from documentation.
- Permanent Source URI:
- http://models.cellml.org/workspace/guyton_thirst_drinking_and_salt_appetite_2008/rawfile/3550d5b0d53018baa71370966e310b4a672e1ae8/thirst_parent.cellml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<model
name="thirst_drinking_and_salt_appetite_parent_model"
cmeta:id="thirst_drinking_and_salt_appetite_parent_model"
xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#"
xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.1#"
xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#thirst_drinking_and_salt_appetite_parent_model">
<rdf:value>
This is the CellML 1.1 "parent" file to test the Thirst, Drinking and Salt Appetite Model.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<!-- ======================================== DOCUMENTATION ============================================= -->
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Guyton Model: thirst_drinking_and_salt_appetite</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="cellml_1_1">
<title>CellML 1.1 Version</title>
<para>
This is a CellML 1.1 version of the Thirst, Drinking, and Salt Appetite Module of the Guyton Circulation model. To run, click on "Solve using OpenCell" and all
dependent files and components will be imported. To run offline, please download all files from the <ulink url="/workspace/guyton_thirst_drinking_and_salt_appetite_2008/">workspace</ulink> into the same directory and open
"thirst_parent.cellml" in OpenCell.
</para>
</section>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This CellML model has been validated. Due to the differences between procedural code (in this case C-code) and declarative
languages (CellML), some aspects of the original model were not able to be encapsulated by the CellML model (such as the
damping of variables). This may affect the transient behaviour of the model, however the steady-state behaviour would remain
the same. The equations in this file and the steady-state output from the model conform to the results from the MODSIM program.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
Arthur Guyton (1919-2003) was an American physiologist who became famous for his 1950s experiments in which he studied the physiology of
cardiac output and its relationship with the peripheral circulation. The results of these experiments challenged the conventional wisdom
that it was the heart itself that controlled cardiac output. Instead Guyton demonstrated that it was the need of the body tissues for
oxygen which was the real regulator of cardiac output. The "Guyton Curves" describe the relationship between right atrial pressures and
cardiac output, and they form a foundation for understanding the physiology of circulation.
</para>
<para>
The Guyton model of fluid, electrolyte, and circulatory regulation is an extensive mathematical model of human circulatory physiology,
capable of simulating a variety of experimental conditions, and contains a number of linked subsystems relating to circulation and its
neuroendocrine control.
</para>
<para>
This is a CellML translation of the Guyton model of the regulation of the circulatory system. The complete model consists of separate
modules each of which characterise a separate physiological subsystems. The Circulation Dynamics is the primary system, to which other
modules/blocks are connected. The other modules characterise the dynamics of the kidney, electrolytes and cell water, thirst and
drinking, hormone regulation, autonomic regulation, cardiovascular system etc, and these feedback on the central circulation model.
The CellML code in these modules is based on the C code from the programme C-MODSIM created by Dr Jean-Pierre Montani.
</para>
<para>
This particular CellML model describes the mechanisms underlying salt appetite and thirst. The salt appetite is considered in this
model to be related to the adequacy of body metabolism, as measured by the PO2 level in the non-muscle tissue cells (POT). Also when
the concentration of angiotensin increases (ANM), this too increases salt intake. For instance in circulatory shock, when the adequacy
of metabolism falls, the person develops a salt appetite. Due to a lack of information, no control function of salt concentration per
se has been assumed, merely that when the body salt falls, circulatory effectiveness falls, angiotensin increases, and a salt appetite
develops. Regarding thirst, three separate factors are assumed to drive the thirst mechanism: first, the concentration of antidiuretic
hormone, which in turn is driven by changes in electrolyte composition (as detailed in another model); second, the effect of
angiotensin on thirst, and; thirdly, the effect of the salt appetite stimulation on thirst.
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="full_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>model diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="full_model.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A systems analysis diagram for the full Guyton model describing circulation regulation.</caption>
</informalfigure>
<informalfigure float="0" id="thirst_drinking_and_salt_appetite_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>model diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="thirst.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A schematic diagram of the components and processes described in the current CellML model.</caption>
</informalfigure>
<para>
There are several publications referring to the Guyton model. One of these papers is cited below:
</para>
<para>
Circulation: Overall Regulation, A.C. Guyton, T.G. Coleman, and H.J. Granger, 1972,
<emphasis>Annual Review of Physiology</emphasis>
, 34, 13-44. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=4334846&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum">PubMed ID: 4334846</ulink>
</para>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<!-- ======================================================= CITATION AND KEYWORD METADATA ================================================== -->
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#thirst_drinking_and_salt_appetite_parent_model">
<bqs:reference rdf:parseType="Resource">
<bqs:JournalArticle rdf:parseType="Resource">
<dc:creator>
<rdf:Seq>
<rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person" />
<vCard:N rdf:parseType="Resource">
<vCard:Family>Guyton</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Given></vCard:Given>
<vCard:Other></vCard:Other>
</vCard:N>
</rdf:li>
<rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person" />
<vCard:N rdf:parseType="Resource">
<vCard:Family>Thirst, Drinking and Salt Appetite</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Given></vCard:Given>
<vCard:Other></vCard:Other>
</vCard:N>
</rdf:li>
</rdf:Seq>
</dc:creator>
<dc:title>Description of guyton thirst, drinking and salt appetite module</dc:title>
<bqs:volume />
<bqs:first_page />
<bqs:last_page />
<bqs:Journal rdf:parseType="Resource">
<dc:title></dc:title>
</bqs:Journal>
<dcterms:issued rdf:parseType="Resource">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2008-00-00 00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</dcterms:issued>
</bqs:JournalArticle>
</bqs:reference>
<bqs:reference rdf:parseType="Resource">
<dc:subject rdf:parseType="Resource">
<bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type>
<rdf:value>
<rdf:Bag>
<rdf:li>physiology</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>organ systems</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>cardiovascular circulation</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>thirst, drinking and salt appetite</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>Guyton</rdf:li>
</rdf:Bag>
</rdf:value>
</dc:subject>
</bqs:reference>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<!-- ============================================= Import the required units from the Units file ==================================================== -->
<import xlink:href="units.cellml">
<units name="minute" units_ref="minute"/>
<units name="per_minute" units_ref="per_minute"/>
<units name="beats_per_minute" units_ref="beats_per_minute"/>
<units name="beats_per_minute_per_mmHg" units_ref="beats_per_minute_per_mmHg"/>
<units name="minute_per_L" units_ref="minute_per_L"/>
<units name="mmHg" units_ref="mmHg"/>
<units name="per_mmHg" units_ref="per_mmHg"/>
<units name="mmHg_per_mL" units_ref="mmHg_per_mL"/>
<units name="mmHg_L" units_ref="mmHg_L"/>
<units name="per_mmHg2" units_ref="per_mmHg2"/>
<units name="mmHg3" units_ref="mmHg3"/>
<units name="monovalent_mEq" units_ref="monovalent_mEq"/>
<units name="monovalent_mEq_per_minute" units_ref="monovalent_mEq_per_minute"/>
<units name="monovalent_mEq_per_litre" units_ref="monovalent_mEq_per_litre"/>
<units name="mOsm" units_ref="mOsm"/>
<units name="mOsm_per_litre" units_ref="mOsm_per_litre"/>
<units name="mOsm_per_minute" units_ref="mOsm_per_minute"/>
<units name="monovalent_mEq_per_litre_per_minute" units_ref="monovalent_mEq_per_litre_per_minute"/>
<units name="litre2_per_monovalent_mEq_per_minute" units_ref="litre2_per_monovalent_mEq_per_minute"/>
<units name="L_per_minute" units_ref="L_per_minute"/>
<units name="per_mmHg_per_minute" units_ref="per_mmHg_per_minute"/>
<units name="mL" units_ref="mL"/>
<units name="gram_per_L" units_ref="gram_per_L"/>
<units name="L_mmHg_per_gram" units_ref="L_mmHg_per_gram"/>
<units name="L2_mmHg_per_gram2" units_ref="L2_mmHg_per_gram2"/>
<units name="mmHg_minute_per_L" units_ref="mmHg_minute_per_L"/>
<units name="mmHg_L_per_minute" units_ref="mmHg_L_per_minute"/>
<units name="gram_per_minute" units_ref="gram_per_minute"/>
<units name="mL_per_L" units_ref="mL_per_L"/>
<units name="mL_per_L_per_mmHg" units_ref="mL_per_L_per_mmHg"/>
<units name="mL_per_L_per_minute" units_ref="mL_per_L_per_minute"/>
<units name="mL_per_minute_per_mmHg" units_ref="mL_per_minute_per_mmHg"/>
<units name="L_mL_per_minute_per_mmHg" units_ref="L_mL_per_minute_per_mmHg"/>
<units name="L_per_mL" units_ref="L_per_mL"/>
<units name="L_per_mmHg" units_ref="L_per_mmHg"/>
<units name="mL_per_minute" units_ref="mL_per_minute"/>
<units name="L_per_minute_per_mmHg" units_ref="L_per_minute_per_mmHg"/>
<units name="L_per_minute_per_mmHg2" units_ref="L_per_minute_per_mmHg2"/>
</import>
<!-- ===================================== Import all Parameters and State Variables from the Parameter file ============================================== -->
<import xlink:href="parameters.cellml">
<component component_ref="parameter_values" name="parameter_values"/>
<component component_ref="state_variables" name="state_variables"/>
</import>
<!-- ============================================ Import Environment Component from the Environment file ============================================== -->
<import xlink:href="environment.cellml">
<component component_ref="environment" name="environment"/>
</import>
<!-- ============================================ Import all the separate model files and their components ============================================== -->
<import xlink:href="thirst.cellml">
<component component_ref="thirst_drinking_and_salt_appetite" name="thirst_drinking_and_salt_appetite"/>
</import>
<!-- ======================================== INPUT VALUES ============================================= -->
<component name="input_values"
cmeta:id="input_values">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#input_values">
<rdf:value>
Component to set all input values to 1.0 or a prescribed value.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable name="ADHC" initial_value="1.0" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="ANM" initial_value="0.987545" units="dimensionless" private_interface="none" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="POT" initial_value="35.1148" units="mmHg" private_interface="none" public_interface="out"/>
</component>
<!-- THIRST DRINKING AND SALT APPETITE INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_1="thirst_drinking_and_salt_appetite" component_2="input_values"/>
<map_variables variable_1="ADHC" variable_2="ADHC"/>
<map_variables variable_1="ANM" variable_2="ANM"/>
<map_variables variable_1="POT" variable_2="POT"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="thirst_drinking_and_salt_appetite" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
</model>
