- Author:
- Hanne <Hanne@hanne-nielsens-macbook.local>
- Date:
- 2009-12-09 11:44:22+13:00
- Desc:
- Added images in ai and svg format, removed non pub med references
- Permanent Source URI:
- http://models.cellml.org/workspace/lambeth_kushmerick_2002/rawfile/bdfe1c0cea0c310c62493eea1368dd47b9dd23eb/lambeth_kushmerick_2002.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!-- FILE : lambeth_model_2002.xml
CREATED : 2nd May 2003
LAST MODIFIED : 21st April 2005
AUTHOR : Catherine Lloyd
Bioengineering Institute
The University of Auckland
MODEL STATUS : This model conforms to the CellML 1.0 Specification released on
10th August 2001, and the 16/1/02 CellML Metadata 1.0 Specification.
DESCRIPTION : This file contains a CellML description of Lambeth and Kushmerick's 2002 model for glycogenesis in skeletal muscle.
CHANGES:
05/06/2003 - CML - Corrected the D_GAPDH_calculation in V_GAPDH.
21/04/2005 - PJV - Updated syntax to conform with CellML 1.1 specs.
Changed MathML id's to make them unique.
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" cmeta:id="lambeth_kushmerick_2002_version01" name="lambeth_kushmerick_2002_version01">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Modelling Glycogenolysis in Skeletal Muscle</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This is the original unchecked version of the model imported from the previous
CellML model repository, 24-Jan-2006.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
Glycogenolysis is the chemical breakdown of glycogen, the storage form of glucose present in the liver and in muscle. It can be regarded as an extension of the glycolysis pathway, in which simple glucose sugars are broken down during metabolism. The enzyme constituents, and their kinetic properties, have been well characterised for glycolysis. Historically, mathematical modelling efforts have been focused on erythrocytes (red blood cells) (<ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_ERYTHROCYTE_METABOLISM}">Metabolism in the Human Erythrocyte, Mulquiney and Kuchel, 1999</ulink>), the fungus yeast (<ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_GLYCOLYSIS}">The Glycolytic Metabolic Pathway in the Yeast <emphasis>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</emphasis>, 1997</ulink>), and the parasite <emphasis>T. brucei</emphasis> (<ulink url="${HTML_EXMPL_BAKKER_MODEL}">Modelling Glycolysis in <emphasis>Trypanosoma brucei</emphasis>, Bakker <emphasis>et al</emphasis>., 1997</ulink>). These studies have produced one common finding. It seems that flux through the glycolysis pathway is controlled by different mechanisms in different cell types. This has lead to the suggestion that the control of pathway flux may be more dependent on the general cell properties, rather than on the specific properties of the enzymes within the pathway.
</para>
<para>
In their 2002 mathematical model described here, Melissa Lambeth and Martin Kushmerick are looking to better understand the role of glycogenolysis and glycolytic fluxes in skeletal muscle metabolism. The mathematical modelling of glycolysis in muscle has not been studied in depth since the initial efforts of Garfinkel <emphasis>et al.</emphasis> in 1968. It is made difficult by a number of factors, including:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>the large range of fluxes (0.6-60 mM ATP/min);</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>large changes in metabolite concentrations (lactate, inorganic phosphate and phosphocreatine) due to differing muscle properties and fluctuating intensity and duration of activity;</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>uncertainty in the kinetic function and substrate concentration in the glycogen phosphorylase reaction; and</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>lack of agreement over the control mechanisms that regulate flux.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
Using mammalian kinetic parameters obtained from the literature, Lambeth and Kushmerick developed a dynamic model of the glycogenolytic pathway, from glycogen to lactate, in skeletal muscle (see <xref linkend="fig_reaction_diagram"/> below). To this basic model of 12 rate equations, they added additional reactions important for muscle energetics. The glycolytic pathway represented by this model is considered to be an isolated pathway that does not interact with other metabolites, reactions, or pathways. It is a continuum model based on standard differential equations, with metabolite fluxes calculated based on reaction kinetics (Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics are used). The model features stoichiometric constraints, mass balance, and reversible thermodynamics as defined by the Haldane relation.
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
A Computational Model for Glycogenolysis in Skeletal Muscle</ulink>, Melissa J. Lambeth and Martin J. Kushmerick, 2002,
<emphasis>Annals of Biomedical Engineering</emphasis>, 30, 808-827. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12220081&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 12220081</ulink>
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_reaction_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>reaction diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="lambeth_2002.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A schematic diagram of the reactions used in the model of the glycogenolysis pathway in skeletal muscle.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<!--
Below, we define some additional units for association with variables and
constants within the model.
-->
<units name="molar">
<unit units="mole"/>
<unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar">
<unit units="mole" prefix="milli"/>
<unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="minute">
<unit units="second" multiplier="60.0"/>
</units>
<units name="flux">
<unit units="molar"/>
<unit units="minute" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="first_order_rate_constant">
<unit units="minute" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="per_molar">
<unit units="molar" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<component name="environment">
<variable units="minute" public_interface="out" name="time"/>
</component>
<!--
The following components describe all the reactants and products involved in
reactions.
-->
<component cmeta:id="GLY" name="GLY">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="GLY">
<dc:title>GLY</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>glycogen</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="GLY" initial_value="112.0"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="flux_GP"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
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<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>GLY</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>flux_GP</ci>
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</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="G1P" name="G1P">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="G1P">
<dc:title>G1P</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>glucose 1-phosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="G1P" initial_value="0.0589"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="flux_GP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGLM"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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</bvar>
<ci>G1P</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
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<ci>V_PGLM</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="G6P" name="G6P">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="G6P">
<dc:title>G6P</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>glucose 6-phosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="G6P" initial_value="0.75"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGLM"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGI"/>
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</component>
<component cmeta:id="F6P" name="F6P">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="F6P">
<dc:title>F6P</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>fructose 6-phosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="F6P" initial_value="0.228"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGI"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PFK"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
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<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>F6P</ci>
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<apply>
<minus/>
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</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="FBP" name="FBP">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="FBP">
<dc:title>FBP</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>fructose 1,6-bisphosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="FBP" initial_value="0.0723"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PFK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ALD"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
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<diff/>
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</bvar>
<ci>FBP</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
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</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="DHAP" name="DHAP">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="DHAP">
<dc:title>DHAP</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>1,3-dihydroxyacetone</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="DHAP" initial_value="0.0764"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ALD"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_TPI"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
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</bvar>
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<apply>
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</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="GAP" name="GAP">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="GAP">
<dc:title>GAP</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="GAP" initial_value="0.0355"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ALD"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_TPI"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_GAPDH"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
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<apply>
<eq/>
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<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>GAP</ci>
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<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_ALD</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V_TPI</ci>
<ci>V_GAPDH</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="Thirteen_BPG" name="Thirteen_BPG">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="Thirteen_BPG">
<dc:title>Thirteen_BPG</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Thirteen_BPG" initial_value="0.065"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_GAPDH"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGK"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Thirteen_BPG</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_GAPDH</ci>
<ci>V_PGK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="three_PG" name="three_PG">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="three_PG">
<dc:title>three_PG</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>glycerate 3-phosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="three_PG" initial_value="0.052"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGM"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
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<apply>
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<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>three_PG</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_PGK</ci>
<ci>V_PGM</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="two_PG" name="two_PG">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="two_PG">
<dc:title>two_PG</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>glycerate 2-phosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="two_PG" initial_value="0.005"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PGM"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ENOL"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
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</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="PEP" name="PEP">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="PEP">
<dc:title>PEP</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>phosphoenolpyruvate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="PEP" initial_value="0.0194"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ENOL"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PK"/>
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</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="PYR" name="PYR">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="PYR">
<dc:title>PYR</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>pyruvate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="PYR" initial_value="0.0994"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_LDH"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<ci>PYR</ci>
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<apply>
<minus/>
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<ci>V_LDH</ci>
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</apply>
</math>
</component>
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<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="LAC">
<dc:title>LAC</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>lactate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="LAC" initial_value="1.3"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_LDH"/>
<variable units="flux" name="output"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
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<ci>LAC</ci>
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</component>
<component cmeta:id="Pi" name="Pi">
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<dc:title>Pi</dc:title>
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<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Pi" initial_value="4.1"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="flux_GP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_GAPDH"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ATPase"/>
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</math>
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<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
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</component>
<component cmeta:id="ATP" name="ATP">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="ATP">
<dc:title>ATP</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>adenosine triphosphate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="ATP" initial_value="8.2"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PFK"/>
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<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_PK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ADK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_CK"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ATPase"/>
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</bvar>
<ci>ATP</ci>
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</component>
<component cmeta:id="AMP" name="AMP">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="AMP">
<dc:title>AMP</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>adenosine monophoshate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="AMP" initial_value="0.99"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_ADK"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
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</component>
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<dc:title>PCr</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>phosphocreatine</dcterms:alternative>
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<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="PCr" initial_value="34.67"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_CK"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
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</component>
<component cmeta:id="Cr" name="Cr">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="Cr">
<dc:title>Cr</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>Creatine</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Cr"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_CK"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Cr</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_CK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="NADH" name="NADH">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="NADH">
<dc:title>NADH</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="NADH"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_GAPDH"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_LDH"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>NADH</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_GAPDH</ci>
<ci>V_LDH</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="NAD" name="NAD">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="NAD">
<dc:title>NAD</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>
charged nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="NAD" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_GAPDH"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_LDH"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>NAD</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_LDH</ci>
<ci>V_GAPDH</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!--
The following components describe the reactions of the model.
-->
<component name="flux_GP">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="flux_GP"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="frac_a"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="frac_b"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_GPa"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="V_GPb"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="flux_GP_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> flux_GP </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> frac_a </ci>
<ci> V_GPa </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> frac_b </ci>
<ci> V_GPb </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_GPa">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_GPa"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="GLY"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Pi"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="G1P"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_GLY_f" initial_value="2.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_GLY_b" initial_value="2.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_GLY_f" initial_value="1.7"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_GLY_b" initial_value="0.15"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_GP" initial_value="0.42"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_Pi" initial_value="4.7"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_Pi" initial_value="4.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_G1P" initial_value="10.1"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="0.02"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_GPa_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_GPa </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki_GLY_f </ci>
<ci> K_Pi </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki_GLY_b </ci>
<ci> Ki_G1P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> Ki_GLY_f </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Pi </ci>
<ci> Ki_Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> Ki_GLY_b </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> G1P </ci>
<ci> Ki_G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GLY_f </ci>
<ci> Ki_Pi </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GLY_b </ci>
<ci> Ki_G1P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_GPa_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_GLY_b </ci>
<ci> Ki_G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki_GLY_f </ci>
<ci> K_Pi </ci>
<ci> Keq_GP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_GPb">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_GPb"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="GLY"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Pi"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="G1P"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="AMP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_GLY_f" initial_value="15.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_GLY_b" initial_value="4.4"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_GLY_f" initial_value="1.7"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_GP" initial_value="0.42"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="nH" initial_value="1.75"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_AMP" initial_value="1.9E-6"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_GLY_b" initial_value="0.15"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_Pi" initial_value="4.6"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_Pi" initial_value="0.2"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_G1P" initial_value="7.4"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_G1P" initial_value="1.5"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="0.03"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_GPb_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_GPb </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki_GLY_f </ci>
<ci> K_Pi </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki_GLY_b </ci>
<ci> Ki_G1P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> Ki_GLY_f </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Pi </ci>
<ci> Ki_Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> Ki_GLY_b </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> G1P </ci>
<ci> Ki_G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GLY_f </ci>
<ci> Ki_Pi </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GLY </ci>
<ci> G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GLY_b </ci>
<ci> Ki_G1P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> AMP </ci>
<ci> nH </ci>
</apply>
<ci> K_AMP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> AMP </ci>
<ci> nH </ci>
</apply>
<ci> K_AMP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_GPb_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> Ki_GLY_b </ci>
<ci> K_G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GLY_f </ci>
<ci> Ki_Pi </ci>
<ci> Keq_GP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_PGLM">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_PGLM"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="G6P"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="G1P"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_G1P" initial_value="0.063"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_G6P" initial_value="0.03"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_PGLM" initial_value="16.62"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="0.48"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_PGLM_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_PGLM </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> G1P </ci>
<ci> K_G1P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> G6P </ci>
<ci> K_G6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> G1P </ci>
<ci> K_G1P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> G6P </ci>
<ci> K_G6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_PGLM_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_G6P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_G1P </ci>
<ci> Keq_PGLM </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_PGI">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_PGI"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="F6P"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="G6P"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_G6P" initial_value="0.18"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_F6P" initial_value="0.119"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_PGI" initial_value="0.45"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r" initial_value="0.88"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_PGI_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_PGI </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> G6P </ci>
<ci> K_G6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> F6P </ci>
<ci> K_F6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> G6P </ci>
<ci> K_G6P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> F6P </ci>
<ci> K_F6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_PGI_V_max_f_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<ci> K_G6P </ci>
<ci> Keq_PGI </ci>
</apply>
<ci> K_F6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_PFK">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_PFK"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="F6P"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="FBP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="AMP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_FBP" initial_value="4.02"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_FBP_" initial_value="4.02"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_F6P" initial_value="0.18"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_ATP" initial_value="0.08"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_F6P_" initial_value="20.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_ATP_" initial_value="0.25"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_ADP" initial_value="2.7"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_ADP_" initial_value="2.7"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_ATP" initial_value="0.87"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ka_AMP" initial_value="0.06"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="0.056"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="alpha"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="L"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Lo" initial_value="13.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="delta"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="delta_"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="d" initial_value="0.01"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="e" initial_value="0.01"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_PFK_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_PFK </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> F6P </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
<ci> K_F6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> FBP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
<ci> K_FBP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> delta </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha </ci>
<ci> L </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> delta_ </ci>
<ci> delta </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> L </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> delta_ </ci>
<ci> delta </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="delta_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> delta </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> F6P </ci>
<ci> K_F6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> FBP </ci>
<ci> K_FBP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="delta__calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> delta_ </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> F6P </ci>
<ci> K_F6P_ </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> K_ATP_ </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP_ </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> FBP </ci>
<ci> K_FBP_ </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP_ </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_F6P </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_F6P_ </ci>
<ci> K_ATP_ </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="L_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> L </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Lo </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> Ki_ATP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> d </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> Ki_ATP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> e </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> AMP </ci>
<ci> Ka_AMP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> AMP </ci>
<ci> Ka_AMP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_PFK_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
<ci> K_FBP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
<ci> K_F6P </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_ALD">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_ALD"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="FBP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="GAP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="DHAP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_GAP" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_FBP" initial_value="0.05"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_DHAP" initial_value="2.0"/>
<variable units="per_molar" name="Keq_ALD" initial_value="9.5E-5"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="0.104"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_ALD_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_ALD </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> FBP </ci>
<ci> K_FBP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> DHAP </ci>
<ci> GAP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_DHAP </ci>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> FBP </ci>
<ci> K_FBP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> DHAP </ci>
<ci> K_DHAP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> GAP </ci>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_ALD_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_DHAP </ci>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_FBP </ci>
<ci> Keq_ALD </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_TPI">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_TPI"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="GAP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="DHAP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_GAP" initial_value="0.32"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_DHAP" initial_value="0.61"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Keq_TPI" initial_value="0.052"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="12.0"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_TPI_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_TPI </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> GAP </ci>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> DHAP </ci>
<ci> K_DHAP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> DHAP </ci>
<ci> K_DHAP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> GAP </ci>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_TPI_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_DHAP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
<ci> Keq_TPI </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_GAPDH">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_GAPDH"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="GAP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="NADH"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="NAD"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Thirteen_BPG"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Pi"/>
<variable units="flux" name="D_GAPDH"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_GAP" initial_value="0.0025"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_Pi" initial_value="0.29"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_NAD" initial_value="0.09"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_NADH" initial_value="0.0033"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_Thirteen_BPG" initial_value="0.0008"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_GAPDH" initial_value="0.089"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="1.265"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_GAPDH_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_GAPDH </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GAP </ci>
<ci> NAD </ci>
<ci> Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
<ci> K_Pi </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> NADH </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> K_NADH </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> D_GAPDH </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="D_GAPDH_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> D_GAPDH </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> GAP </ci>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> NAD </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Pi </ci>
<ci> K_Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GAP </ci>
<ci> NAD </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> GAP </ci>
<ci> NAD </ci>
<ci> Pi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
<ci> K_Pi </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> K_Thirteen_BPG </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> NADH </ci>
<ci> K_NADH </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> NADH </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> K_NADH </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_GAPDH_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> K_NADH </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_GAP </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
<ci> K_Pi </ci>
<ci> Keq_GAPDH </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_PGK">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_PGK"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="three_PG"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Thirteen_BPG"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_three_PG" initial_value="1.2"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_ADP" initial_value="0.008"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_ATP" initial_value="0.35"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_Thirteen_BPG" initial_value="0.002"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_PGK" initial_value="57109.0"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r" initial_value="1.12"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_PGK_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_PGK </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> ADP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> three_PG </ci>
<ci> ATP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_three_PG </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> K_Thirteen_BPG </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> ADP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> three_PG </ci>
<ci> K_three_PG </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> three_PG </ci>
<ci> ATP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_three_PG </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_PGK_V_max_f_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<ci> K_Thirteen_BPG </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
<ci> Keq_PGK </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_three_PG </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_PGM">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_PGM"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="two_PG"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="three_PG"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_two_PG" initial_value="0.014"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_three_PG" initial_value="0.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_PGM" initial_value="0.18"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="1.12"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_PGM_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_PGM </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> three_PG </ci>
<ci> K_three_PG </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> two_PG </ci>
<ci> K_two_PG </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> three_PG </ci>
<ci> K_three_PG </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> two_PG </ci>
<ci> K_two_PG </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_PGM_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_two_PG </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_three_PG </ci>
<ci> Keq_PGM </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_ENOL">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_ENOL"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="PEP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="two_PG"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_PEP" initial_value="0.37"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_two_PG" initial_value="0.1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_ENOL" initial_value="0.49"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="0.192"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_ENOL_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_ENOL </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> two_PG </ci>
<ci> K_two_PG </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> PEP </ci>
<ci> K_PEP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> two_PG </ci>
<ci> K_two_PG </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> PEP </ci>
<ci> K_PEP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_ENOL_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_PEP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_two_PG </ci>
<ci> Keq_ENOL </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_PK">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_PK"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="PYR"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="PEP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_PYR" initial_value="7.05"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_ADP" initial_value="0.3"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_ATP" initial_value="1.13"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_PEP" initial_value="0.08"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_PK" initial_value="10304.0"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="1.44"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_PK_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_PK </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> PEP </ci>
<ci> ADP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_PEP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> PYR </ci>
<ci> ATP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_PYR </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> PEP </ci>
<ci> K_PEP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> PEP </ci>
<ci> ADP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_PEP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> PYR </ci>
<ci> K_PYR </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> PYR </ci>
<ci> ATP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_PYR </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_PK_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_ATP </ci>
<ci> K_PYR </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_PEP </ci>
<ci> K_ADP </ci>
<ci> Keq_PK </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_LDH">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_LDH"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="LAC"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="NAD"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="NADH"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="PYR"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_LAC" initial_value="17.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_NADH" initial_value="0.002"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_NAD" initial_value="0.849"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_PYR" initial_value="0.335"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Keq_LDH" initial_value="16198.0"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f" initial_value="1.92"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_LDH_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_LDH </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> PYR </ci>
<ci> NADH </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_PYR </ci>
<ci> K_NADH </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> LAC </ci>
<ci> NAD </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_LAC </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> PYR </ci>
<ci> K_PYR </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> NADH </ci>
<ci> K_NADH </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> PYR </ci>
<ci> NADH </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_PYR </ci>
<ci> K_NADH </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> LAC </ci>
<ci> K_LAC </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> NAD </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> LAC </ci>
<ci> NAD </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_LAC </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="V_LDH_V_max_r_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<ci> K_LAC </ci>
<ci> K_NAD </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_PYR </ci>
<ci> K_NADH </ci>
<ci> Keq_LDH </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="V_CK">
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="V_CK"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="PCr"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cr"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_ADP" initial_value="0.135"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_Cr" initial_value="3.8"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_PCr" initial_value="1.11"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_PCr" initial_value="3.9"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ki_ATP" initial_value="3.5"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Keq_CK" initial_value="233.0"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_r" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="flux" name="V_max_f"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="V_CK_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> V_CK </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_f </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> ATP </ci>
<ci> Cr </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki_ATP </ci>
<ci> K_Cr </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_max_r </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> PCr </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Ki_ADP </ci>
<ci> K_PCr </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> ADP </ci>
<ci> Ki_ADP </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> PCr </ci>
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<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<ci> V_ATPase </ci>
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<times/>
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Lambeth and Kushmerick's 2002 model for glycogenesis in skeletal muscle.
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The University of Auckland, Bioengineering Institute
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<vCard:Given>Melissa</vCard:Given>
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Corrected the D_GAPDH_calculation in V_GAPDH.
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A Computational Model for Glycogenolysis in Skeletal Muscle
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This is the CellML description of Lambeth and Kushmerick's 2002 model
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