- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2006-07-09 07:55:45+12:00
- Desc:
- committing version01 of ramirez_nattel_courtemanche_2000
- Permanent Source URI:
- http://models.cellml.org/workspace/ramirez_nattel_courtemanche_2000/rawfile/c70288d1b9013d1ef65bea3d6fdaad31faa011ee/ramirez_nattel_courtemanche_2000.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!-- FILE : ramirez_atrial_model_2000.xml
CREATED : 29th March 2002
LAST MODIFIED : 13th August 2003
AUTHOR : Catherine Lloyd
The Bioengineering Institute
The University of Auckland
MODEL STATUS : This model conforms to the CellML 1.0 Specification released on
10th August 2001, and the CellML Metadata 1.0 Specification released on 16th
January, 2002.
DESCRIPTION : This file contains a CellML description of Ramirez et al's 2000 mathematical model of a canine atrial cell.
CHANGES:
17/06/2002 - AAC - Changed equation 'tau_v_calcvlation' to
'tau_v_calculation'.
18/07/2002 - CML - Added more metadata.
09/04/2003 - AAC - Added publication date information.
13/08/2003 - CML - Corrected equations.
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" cmeta:id="ramirez_nattel_courtemanche_2000_version01" name="ramirez_nattel_courtemanche_2000_version01">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Mathematical Model Of A Canine Atrial Action Potential, 2000</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This is the original unchecked version of the model imported from the previous
CellML model repository, 24-Jan-2006.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
Atrial arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation represent common clinical problems that remain difficult to treat. Dogs have been used extensively to experimentally study atrial arrhythmias, but up until 2000 there had been no published mathematical models of the canine atrial action potential. To obtain insights into the ionic mechanisms underlying many important properties of the canine atrial action potential, Rafael J. Ramirez, Stanley Nattel and Marc Courtemanche incorporated formulations of K<superscript>+</superscript>, Na<superscript>+</superscript>, Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> and Cl<superscript>-</superscript> currents based on experimental measurements taken from canine atrial myocytes into a mathematical model of the action potential (see the figure below).
</para>
<para>
The first mathematical model of the action potential was developed by Hodgkin and Huxley to simulate the electrical behaviour of the squid giant axon (please see the CellML version of The Hodgkin-Huxley Squid Axon Model, 1952). Since then mathematical models of action potentials based on formulations of ionic currents, pumps and exchangers have provided insights into the properties of rabbit sinoatrial node (Demir <emphasis>et al</emphasis> 1994), guinea pig ventricular (Luo-Rudy II, 1994), Purkinje fibre (McAllister-Noble-Tsien, 1975), and canine ventricular action potentials (Winslow <emphasis>et al</emphasis>, 1999). More recently, models of the human atrial action potential have been published (Courtemanche <emphasis>et al</emphasis>, 1998 and >Nygren <emphasis>et al</emphasis>, 1998). However, this is the first model representing the canine atrial action potential Such a model would be useful to help interpret experimental data about atrial arrhythmias <emphasis>in vivo</emphasis> in the dog and to consolidate increasing knowledge regarding canine atrial ionic mechanisms. In their study, Ramirez <emphasis>et al</emphasis> found that their model agreed with experimental measurements and that it gave potential insights into the mechanisms underlying functionally important electrophysiological phenomena in the canine atrium.
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://ajpheart.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/279/4/H1767">Mathematical analysis of canine atrial action potentials: rate, regional factors, and electrical remodeling,</ulink> Rafael J. Ramirez, Stanley Nattel and Marc Courtemanche, 2000, <ulink url="http://ajpheart.physiology.org/">
<emphasis>American Journal of Physiology</emphasis>
</ulink>, 279, H1767-H1785. (<ulink url="http://ajpheart.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/279/4/H1767">Full text</ulink> and <ulink url="http://ajpheart.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/279/4/H1767.pdf">PDF</ulink> versions of the article are available for Journal Members on the AJP website.) <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11009464&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 11009464</ulink>
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>schematic diagram of a canine atrial myocyte</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="ramirez_2000.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A schematic representation of the canine atrial myocyte. Intracellular compartments indicate the intracellular pools of ion species. The ion concentration in each pool is affected by ionic currents, pumps and exchangers. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is divided into two compartments: the Ca<superscript>2+</superscript>-release compartment, or junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (JSR) and the Ca<superscript>2+</superscript>-uptake compartment, or network sarcoplasmic reticulum (NSR).</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<!--
Below, we define some additional units for association with variables and
constants within the model. The identifiers are fairly self-explanatory.
-->
<units name="millisecond">
<unit units="second" prefix="milli"/>
</units>
<units name="per_millisecond">
<unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millivolt">
<unit units="volt" prefix="milli"/>
</units>
<units name="per_millivolt">
<unit units="millivolt" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="per_millivolt_millisecond">
<unit units="millivolt" exponent="-1"/>
<unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar">
<unit units="mole" prefix="milli"/>
<unit units="litre" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="millimolar_per_millisecond">
<unit units="millimolar"/>
<unit units="millisecond" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="picoA_per_picoF">
<unit units="ampere" prefix="pico"/>
<unit units="farad" prefix="pico" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="nanoS_per_picoF">
<unit units="siemens" prefix="nano"/>
<unit units="farad" prefix="pico" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="picoF">
<unit units="farad" prefix="pico"/>
</units>
<units name="micrometre_3">
<unit units="metre" prefix="micro" exponent="3"/>
</units>
<units name="joule_per_mole_kelvin">
<unit units="joule"/>
<unit units="mole" exponent="-1"/>
<unit units="kelvin" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="coulomb_per_millimole">
<unit units="coulomb"/>
<unit units="mole" prefix="milli" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<!--
The "environment" component is used to declare variables that are used by
all or most of the other components, in this case just "time".
-->
<component name="environment">
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="out" name="time"/>
</component>
<component name="membrane">
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="V" initial_value="-81.20"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="out" name="R" initial_value="8.3143"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="out" name="T" initial_value="310.0"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="out" name="F" initial_value="96.4867"/>
<variable units="picoF" name="Cm" initial_value="100.0"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" name="i_stim" initial_value="-2900.0"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_to"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Kur_d"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Kr"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ks"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Cl_Ca"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_p_Ca"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Na"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Ca"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="membrane_voltage_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_Na </ci>
<ci> i_K1 </ci>
<ci> i_to </ci>
<ci> i_Kur_d </ci>
<ci> i_Kr </ci>
<ci> i_Ks </ci>
<ci> i_Ca </ci>
<ci> i_Cl_Ca </ci>
<ci> i_p_Ca </ci>
<ci> i_NaCa </ci>
<ci> i_NaK </ci>
<ci> i_B_Na </ci>
<ci> i_B_Ca </ci>
<ci> i_stim </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> Cm </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Na" initial_value="7.8"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="m"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="h"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="j"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Na_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Na </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Na </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> m </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> h </ci>
<ci> j </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_Na </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="E_Na_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> E_Na </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Na_o </ci>
<ci> Na_i </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_m_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="m" initial_value="0.001972"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_m"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_m"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="alpha_m_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_m </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.32 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 47.13 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> -0.1 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 47.13 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_m_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_m </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.08 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -11.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="dm_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> m </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_m </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> m </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_m </ci>
<ci> m </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_h_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="h" initial_value="0.9791"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_h"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_h"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="alpha_h_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_h </ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.135 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 80.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -6.8 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -40.0 </cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.0 </cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_h_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_h </ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 3.56 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 0.079 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 310000.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.35 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -40.0 </cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
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<apply>
<times/>
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<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.66 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -11.1 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply id="dh_dt">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> h </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_h </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> h </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_h </ci>
<ci> h </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fast_sodium_current_j_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="j" initial_value="0.9869"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_j"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_j"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="alpha_j_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_j </ci>
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<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> -127140.0
</cn>
<apply>
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<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.2444 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
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</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
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<apply>
<exp/>
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<times/>
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<ci> V </ci>
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<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.311 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
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<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 79.23 </cn>
</apply>
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</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
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<times/>
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<times/>
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<ci> V </ci>
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</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
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<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
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<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
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</apply>
</apply>
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<apply id="dj_dt">
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</bvar>
<ci> j </ci>
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<apply>
<times/>
<ci> alpha_j </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<ci> j </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_j </ci>
<ci> j </ci>
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</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="time_independent_potassium_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_K1" initial_value="0.15"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
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<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_K1_calculation">
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<apply>
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<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
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</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
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<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
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<apply>
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<ci> V </ci>
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</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="E_K_calculation">
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<times/>
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<apply>
<times/>
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<ci> T </ci>
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<ci> F </ci>
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<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> K_o </ci>
<ci> K_i </ci>
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</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_K_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_to"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_to" initial_value="0.19824"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="oa"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="oi"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_to_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_to </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_to </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> oa </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> oi </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_K_current_oa_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="oa" initial_value="0.07164"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_oa"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_oa"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_oa"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="oa_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="oa_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> oa </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> oa_infinity </ci>
<ci> oa </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_oa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_oa_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_oa </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.65 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 18.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -8.5 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 16.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -59.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_oa_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_oa </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 1.2 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.2 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 75.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 18.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_oa_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_oa </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> alpha_oa </ci>
<ci> beta_oa </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="oa_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> oa_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 0.5 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -10.5 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_K_current_oi_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="oi" initial_value="0.9980"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_oi"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_oi"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_oi"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="oi_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="oi_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> oi </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> oi_infinity </ci>
<ci> oi </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_oi </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_oi_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_oi </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 6.2 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 105.2 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 9.85 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_oi_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_oi </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 7.54 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 8.89 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -12.87 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_oi_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_oi </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> alpha_oi </ci>
<ci> beta_oi </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="oi_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> oi_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 43.377 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 6.45 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_Kur_d"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Kur_d"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="ua"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="ui"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Kur_d_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Kur_d </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Kur_d </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> ua </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> ui </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="g_Kur_d_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> g_Kur_d </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="nanoS_per_picoF"> 0.00855 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="nanoS_per_picoF"> 0.0779 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 11.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -16.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ua_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="ua" initial_value="0.05869"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_ua"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_ua"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_ua"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="ua_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="ua_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> ua </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> ua_infinity </ci>
<ci> ua </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_ua </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_ua_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_ua </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 1.47 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 33.2 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -30.63 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 27.6 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -30.65 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_ua_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_ua </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond"> 0.42 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 26.64 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 2.49 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 44.41 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 20.36 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_ua_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_ua </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> alpha_ua </ci>
<ci> beta_ua </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="ua_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> ua_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 2.81 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -9.49 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ui_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="ui" initial_value="0.9987"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_ui"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_ui"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_ui"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="ui_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="ui_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> ui </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> ui_infinity </ci>
<ci> ui </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_ui </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_ui_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_ui </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 21.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 185.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -28.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_ui_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_ui </ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 158.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 16.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_ui_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_ui </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> alpha_ui </ci>
<ci> beta_ui </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="ui_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> ui_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 99.45 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 27.48 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_Kr"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Kr" initial_value="0.06984"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="xr"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Kr_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Kr </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Kr </ci>
<ci> xr </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.07 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.58 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 15.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 22.4 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xr_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="xr" initial_value="0.0000007433"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_xr"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_xr"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_xr"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="xr_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="xr_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> xr </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> xr_infinity </ci>
<ci> xr </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_xr </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_xr_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_xr </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.04 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 248.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 248.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -28.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_xr_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_xr </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.028 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 163.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 163.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 21.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_xr_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_xr </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> alpha_xr </ci>
<ci> beta_xr </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="xr_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> xr_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.654 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -5.377 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_Ks"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Ks" initial_value="0.0561"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="xs"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Ks_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Ks </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Ks </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> xs </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xs_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="xs" initial_value="0.01791"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="alpha_xs"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="beta_xs"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_xs"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="xs_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="xs_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> xs </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> xs_infinity </ci>
<ci> xs </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_xs </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="alpha_xs_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> alpha_xs </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.00001 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 28.5 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 28.5 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -115.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="beta_xs_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> beta_xs </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt_millisecond"> 0.00023 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 28.5 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 28.5 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 3.3 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_xs_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_xs </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> alpha_xs </ci>
<ci> beta_xs </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="xs_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> xs_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 13.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -12.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.5 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sarcolemmal_Ca_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Ca" initial_value="0.24"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="d"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f_Ca"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Ca_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Ca </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Ca </ci>
<ci> d </ci>
<ci> f </ci>
<ci> f_Ca </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 65.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_d_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="d" initial_value="0.000004757"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="d_infinity"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_d"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="d_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> d </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> d_infinity </ci>
<ci> d </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_d </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="d_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> d_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -6.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_d_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_d </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -6.24 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt"> 0.035 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 10.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -6.24 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_f_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f" initial_value="0.9999"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_infinity"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_f"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="f_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> f </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> f_infinity </ci>
<ci> f </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_f </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="f_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> f_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 24.6 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 6.2 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_f_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_f </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 400.0 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 4.5 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.0007 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 9.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_f_Ca_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f_Ca" initial_value="0.7484"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_Ca_infinity"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_f_Ca" initial_value="2.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="f_Ca_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> f_Ca </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> f_Ca_infinity </ci>
<ci> f_Ca </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_f_Ca </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="f_Ca_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> f_Ca_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.29 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.8 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 0.00012 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 0.00006 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_activated_Cl_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_Cl_Ca"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_Cl_Ca" initial_value="0.3"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_Cl"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Fn"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cl_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cl_o"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="q_Ca"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_Cl_Ca_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_Cl_Ca </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_Cl_Ca </ci>
<ci> q_Ca </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_Cl </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="E_Cl_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> E_Cl </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Cl_o </ci>
<ci> Cl_i </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_activated_Cl_current_q_Ca_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="q_Ca" initial_value="0.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="q_Ca_infinity"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_q_Ca" initial_value="2.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="Fn"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="q_Ca_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> q_Ca_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Fn </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.00000000011 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_potassium_pump">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Km_Na_i" initial_value="10.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Km_K_o" initial_value="1.5"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" name="i_NaK_max" initial_value="0.6"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_NaK"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="sigma"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_NaK_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_NaK </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> i_NaK_max </ci>
<ci> f_NaK </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Km_Na_i </ci>
<ci> Na_i </ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.5 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> K_o </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> K_o </ci>
<ci> Km_K_o </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="f_NaK_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> f_NaK </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.1245 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.1 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> F </ci>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0365 </cn>
<ci> sigma </ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> F </ci>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="sigma_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> sigma </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 7.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Na_o </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 67.3 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Na_Ca_exchanger_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" name="I_NaCa_max" initial_value="1600.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mNa" initial_value="87.5"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCa" initial_value="1.38"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="K_sat" initial_value="0.1"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="Na_Ca_exchanger">
<eq/>
<ci> i_NaCa </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> I_NaCa_max </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.35 </cn>
<ci> F </ci>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Na_i </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> Ca_o </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.65 </cn>
<ci> F </ci>
<ci> V </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Na_o </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> K_mNa </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> Na_o </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> K_mCa </ci>
<ci> Ca_o </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_sat </ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.65 </cn>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="background_currents">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Na"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Ca"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_B_K"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_B_Na" initial_value="0.000674"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_B_Ca" initial_value="0.00113"/>
<variable units="nanoS_per_picoF" name="g_B_K" initial_value="0.0"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ca"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_B_Na_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_B_Na </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_B_Na </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_Na </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="i_B_Ca_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_B_Ca </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_B_Ca </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_Ca </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="i_B_K_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_B_K </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> g_B_K </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<ci> E_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="E_Ca_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> E_Ca </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> R </ci>
<ci> T </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ca_o </ci>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_pump_current">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_p_Ca"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" name="i_p_Ca_max" initial_value="0.275"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_p_Ca_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_p_Ca </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> i_p_Ca_max </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar"> 0.0005 </cn>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_release_current_from_JSR">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_rel"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" private_interface="out" name="Fn"/>
<variable units="per_millisecond" name="K_rel" initial_value="30.0"/>
<variable units="micrometre_3" name="V_rel" initial_value="96.48"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_rel"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="u"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="v"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="w"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_rel_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_rel </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> K_rel </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> u </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<ci> v </ci>
<ci> w </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> Ca_rel </ci>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Fn_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> Fn </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.000000000001 </cn>
<ci> V_rel </ci>
<ci> i_rel </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0000000000005 </cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.5 </cn>
<ci> F </ci>
<ci> i_Ca </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.2 </cn>
<ci> F </ci>
<ci> i_NaCa </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_u_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="u" initial_value="0.0"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_u"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="u_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="Fn"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="u_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> u </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> u_infinity </ci>
<ci> u </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_u </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_u_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_u </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 8.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply id="u_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> u_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> Fn </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.00000000000034175 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.000000000000001367 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_v_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="v" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_v"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="v_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="Fn"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="v_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> v </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> v_infinity </ci>
<ci> v </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_v </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_v_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_v </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 1.91 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 2.09 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> Fn </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.00000000000034175 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.000000000000001367 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="v_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> v_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> Fn </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 6.835E-14 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.000000000000001367 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_w_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="w" initial_value="0.9993"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_w"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="w_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="w_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> w </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> w_infinity </ci>
<ci> w </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_w </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="tau_w_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> tau_w </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millisecond"> 6.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 6.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.9 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -5.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.3 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.9 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -5.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 7.9 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="w_infinity_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> w_infinity </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> V </ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> 40.0 </cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt"> -17.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transfer_current_from_NSR_to_JSR">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_tr"/>
<variable units="millisecond" name="tau_tr" initial_value="180.0"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_rel"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_up"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_tr_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_tr </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> Ca_up </ci>
<ci> Ca_rel </ci>
</apply>
<ci> tau_tr </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_uptake_current_by_the_NSR">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="I_up_max" initial_value="0.005"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_up" initial_value="0.00092"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_up_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_up </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> I_up_max </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> K_up </ci>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_leak_current_by_the_NSR">
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="out" name="i_up_leak"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ca_up_max" initial_value="15.0"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_up"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="I_up_max"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="i_up_leak_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> i_up_leak </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> I_up_max </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ca_up </ci>
<ci> Ca_up_max </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_buffers">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="CMDN_max" initial_value="0.045"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="TRPN_max" initial_value="0.35"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="CSQN_max" initial_value="10.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="J_Ca_CMDN"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="J_Ca_TRPN"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="out" name="J_Ca_CSQN"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ca_CMDN" initial_value="0.001856"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ca_TRPN" initial_value="0.007022"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="Ca_CSQN" initial_value="6.432"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_rel"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="Ca_CMDN_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> Ca_CMDN </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 200.0 </cn>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ca_CMDN </ci>
<ci> CMDN_max </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.476 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ca_CMDN </ci>
<ci> CMDN_max </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="J_Ca_CMDN_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> J_Ca_CMDN </ci>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Ca_CMDN </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Ca_TRPN_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> Ca_TRPN </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 78.4 </cn>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ca_TRPN </ci>
<ci> TRPN_max </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.392 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ca_TRPN </ci>
<ci> TRPN_max </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="J_Ca_TRPN_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> J_Ca_TRPN </ci>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Ca_TRPN </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Ca_CSQN_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> Ca_CSQN </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.48 </cn>
<ci> Ca_rel </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ca_CSQN </ci>
<ci> CSQN_max </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.4 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> Ca_CSQN </ci>
<ci> CSQN_max </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="J_Ca_CSQN_calculation">
<eq/>
<ci> J_Ca_CSQN </ci>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Ca_CSQN </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_ion_concentrations">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_i" initial_value="11.75"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_i" initial_value="0.0001024"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Cl_i" initial_value="29.26"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_i" initial_value="138.4"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_rel" initial_value="1.502"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_up" initial_value="1.502"/>
<variable units="micrometre_3" name="V_i" initial_value="13668.0"/>
<variable units="micrometre_3" name="V_rel" initial_value="96.48"/>
<variable units="micrometre_3" name="V_up" initial_value="1109.52"/>
<variable units="millisecond" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Na"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_to"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Kur_d"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Kr"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ks"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_p_Ca"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_Cl_Ca"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Ca"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_B_K"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_up"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_up_leak"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_tr"/>
<variable units="picoA_per_picoF" public_interface="in" name="i_rel"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="CMDN_max"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="CSQN_max"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="TRPN_max"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="J_Ca_CMDN"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="J_Ca_CSQN"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_millisecond" public_interface="in" name="J_Ca_TRPN"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="Na_i_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Na_i </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> -3.0 </cn>
<ci> i_NaK </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
<ci> i_NaCa </ci>
</apply>
<ci> i_B_Na </ci>
<ci> i_Na </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_i </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="K_i_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> K_i </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> i_NaK </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_K1 </ci>
<ci> i_to </ci>
<ci> i_Kur_d </ci>
<ci> i_Kr </ci>
<ci> i_Ks </ci>
<ci> i_B_K </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_i </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Cl_i_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Cl_i </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> i_Cl_Ca </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_i </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Ca_i_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Ca_i </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> i_NaCa </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_p_Ca </ci>
<ci> i_Ca </ci>
<ci> i_B_Ca </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
<ci> V_i </ci>
<ci> F </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> V_up </ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> i_up_leak </ci>
<ci> i_up </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> i_rel </ci>
<ci> V_rel </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> V_i </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> TRPN_max </ci>
<ci> J_Ca_TRPN </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> CMDN_max </ci>
<ci> J_Ca_CMDN </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Ca_up_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Ca_up </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> i_up </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_up_leak </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> i_tr </ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> V_rel </ci>
<ci> V_up </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="Ca_rel_diff_eq">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci> time </ci>
</bvar>
<ci> Ca_rel </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci> i_tr </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> i_rel </ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 31.0 </cn>
<ci> J_Ca_CSQN </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="standard_ionic_concentrations">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_o" initial_value="140.0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_o" initial_value="1.8"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_o" initial_value="5.4"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Cl_o" initial_value="132.0"/>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="membrane">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current_oa_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current_oi_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ua_gate"/>
<component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ui_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xr_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xs_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="sarcolemmal_Ca_current">
<component_ref component="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_f_gate"/>
<component_ref component="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_f_Ca_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="Ca_activated_Cl_current">
<component_ref component="Ca_activated_Cl_current_q_Ca_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="background_currents"/>
<component_ref component="Na_Ca_exchanger_current"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_pump_current"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR">
<component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_u_gate"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_v_gate"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_w_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="transfer_current_from_NSR_to_JSR"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_uptake_current_by_the_NSR"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_leak_current_by_the_NSR"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_buffers"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<component_ref component="standard_ionic_concentrations"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current_oa_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_K_current_oi_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ua_gate"/>
<component_ref component="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ui_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xr_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current">
<component_ref component="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xs_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="sarcolemmal_Ca_current">
<component_ref component="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_f_gate"/>
<component_ref component="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_f_Ca_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="Ca_activated_Cl_current">
<component_ref component="Ca_activated_Cl_current_q_Ca_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR">
<component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_u_gate"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_v_gate"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_w_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sarcolemmal_Ca_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_activated_Cl_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="background_currents"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_pump_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_release_current_from_JSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="transfer_current_from_NSR_to_JSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_uptake_current_by_the_NSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_leak_current_by_the_NSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_buffers"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="time_independent_potassium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_to" variable_1="i_to"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Kur_d" variable_1="i_Kur_d"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Kr" variable_1="i_Kr"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ks" variable_1="i_Ks"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sarcolemmal_Ca_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca" variable_1="i_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_activated_Cl_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Cl_Ca" variable_1="i_Cl_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_potassium_pump" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B_Ca" variable_1="i_B_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B_Na" variable_1="i_B_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Na_Ca_exchanger_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_pump_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_p_Ca" variable_1="i_p_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="membrane" component_1="Ca_release_current_from_JSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_K_current" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Kur_d" variable_1="i_Kur_d"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Kr" variable_1="i_Kr"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ks" variable_1="i_Ks"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_K_current" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_to" variable_1="i_to"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sarcolemmal_Ca_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca" variable_1="i_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_release_current_from_JSR" component_1="sarcolemmal_Ca_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca" variable_1="i_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Ca_activated_Cl_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cl_i" variable_1="Cl_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Cl_Ca" variable_1="i_Cl_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="Ca_activated_Cl_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cl_o" variable_1="Cl_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_release_current_from_JSR" component_1="Ca_activated_Cl_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Fn" variable_1="Fn"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="background_currents"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B_Ca" variable_1="i_B_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B_Na" variable_1="i_B_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B_K" variable_1="i_B_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="background_currents"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_o" variable_1="Ca_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_o" variable_1="Ca_o"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_release_current_from_JSR" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Ca_pump_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_p_Ca" variable_1="i_p_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_release_current_from_JSR" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_rel" variable_1="i_rel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_rel" variable_1="Ca_rel"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transfer_current_from_NSR_to_JSR" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_tr" variable_1="i_tr"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_up" variable_1="Ca_up"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_rel" variable_1="Ca_rel"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_uptake_current_by_the_NSR" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_up" variable_1="i_up"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_uptake_current_by_the_NSR" component_1="Ca_leak_current_by_the_NSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="I_up_max" variable_1="I_up_max"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Ca_leak_current_by_the_NSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_up_leak" variable_1="i_up_leak"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_up" variable_1="Ca_up"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Ca_buffers"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CMDN_max" variable_1="CMDN_max"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CSQN_max" variable_1="CSQN_max"/>
<map_variables variable_2="TRPN_max" variable_1="TRPN_max"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_Ca_CMDN" variable_1="J_Ca_CMDN"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_Ca_CSQN" variable_1="J_Ca_CSQN"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_Ca_TRPN" variable_1="J_Ca_TRPN"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_rel" variable_1="Ca_rel"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_m_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="m" variable_1="m"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_h_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="h" variable_1="h"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_j_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="j" variable_1="j"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_d_gate" component_1="sarcolemmal_Ca_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="d" variable_1="d"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_f_gate" component_1="sarcolemmal_Ca_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="f" variable_1="f"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sarcolemmal_Ca_current_f_Ca_gate" component_1="sarcolemmal_Ca_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="f_Ca" variable_1="f_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_activated_Cl_current_q_Ca_gate" component_1="Ca_activated_Cl_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="q_Ca" variable_1="q_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Fn" variable_1="Fn"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_K_current_oa_gate" component_1="transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="oa" variable_1="oa"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_K_current_oi_gate" component_1="transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="oi" variable_1="oi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ua_gate" component_1="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ua" variable_1="ua"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ui_gate" component_1="ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ui" variable_1="ui"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xr_gate" component_1="rapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="xr" variable_1="xr"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xs_gate" component_1="slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="xs" variable_1="xs"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_u_gate" component_1="Ca_release_current_from_JSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="u" variable_1="u"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Fn" variable_1="Fn"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_v_gate" component_1="Ca_release_current_from_JSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="v" variable_1="v"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Fn" variable_1="Fn"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_release_current_from_JSR_w_gate" component_1="Ca_release_current_from_JSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="w" variable_1="w"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Bag rdf:about="rdf:#8a033cf5-6b76-4a34-91f8-9fdfba9fb5d4">
<rdf:li>Atrial Myocyte</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>cardiac</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>electrophysiology</rdf:li>
</rdf:Bag>
<rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#a68f0424-7b1b-4fd2-a4eb-e0bb97bca177">
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#c273c4fd-5345-487e-992b-21b795d4075f"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#55d836b0-f0ae-4afa-97b6-6f0edf0f466c"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#eae2684f-993b-42b0-9e92-70fb5942fbca"/>
</rdf:Seq>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#976ed09c-5148-4609-bbb2-719ad302b952">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#be6e0f87-4b53-467a-b9e4-e9603ca19e27"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d97962ee-4cfb-4a68-a45a-13d53d3a8266">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#dd61f1a0-f054-4a45-acc9-1a5c733beab5"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c47f92a1-d7f8-45f2-afc7-82624096829c">
<vCard:Given>Marc</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Courtemanche</vCard:Family>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="">
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The University of Auckland, The Bioengineering Institute
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American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology
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Mathematical analysis of canine atrial action potentials: rate, regional factors, and electrical remodeling
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This is the CellML description of Ramirez et al's mathematical
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Corrected equations: alpha_ui_calculation in ultrarapid_delayed_rectifier_K_current_ui_gate, tau_xs_calculation in slow_delayed_rectifier_K_current_xs_gate component.
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Ramirez et al's 2000 Mathematical Model of Canine Atrial Acton
Potentials.
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