Rendering of the source text

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COR (0.9.31.489)
Copyright 2002-2006 Oxford Cardiac Electrophysiology Group
http://COR.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - COR@physiol.ox.ac.uk

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http://www.CellML.org/
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<article>
  <articleinfo>
  <title>A model of electrophysiological alterations in rat ventricular myocytes in type-I diabetes</title>
  <author>
    <firstname>Liren</firstname>
          <surname>Li</surname>
    <affiliation>
      <shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
    </affiliation>
  </author>
</articleinfo>
  <section id="sec_status">
    <title>Model Status</title>
    <para>
          This cell model was developed by Liren Li and represents the electrophysiological alterations in rat ventricular myocytes in type-I diabetes. It reads both in PCenv and COR and is able to produce action potentials under multiple stimuli.
          </para>
  </section>
  <sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>

<para>
This model is a mathematical representation of the diabetic phenotype by incorporating changes in the ionic mechanisms that are suggested by experimental data to underlie the altered electrophysiological characteristics in the short-term, type-I model of STZ-induced diabetes. It is based on the Pandit_2001 rat left ventricular epicardial model. The model is able to qualitatively simulate the prolongation of the APD in accordance with experimental results. It provides novel insights into the ionic basis for this changes in the action potential profile during diabetic conditions, and illustrates the complex, nonlinear relationship betweeh the APD and both intracellular Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> homeostasis, and E-C coupling. 
</para>

<para>
A mathematical model of the adult rat right ventricular (RV) cell was first derived from the Pandit 2001 rat LV epicardial cell model, and used as the control model. Further modifications from the control model were made to represent the short-term, type-I diabetic myocyte.
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper references are cited below:
</para>

<para>
<ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/abstract/81/6/3029">A Mathematical Model of Action Potential Heterogeneity in Adult Rat Left Ventricular Myocytes, </ulink>, Sandeep V. Pandit, Robert B. Clark, Wayne R. Giles and Semahat S. Demir, 2001, <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/">
            <emphasis>Biophysical Journal</emphasis>
          </ulink>, 81, 3029-3051. (Original rat LV cell model) <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/full/81/6/3029">Full text</ulink> and <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/reprint/81/6/3029.pdf">PDF</ulink> versions of the article are available for Journal Members on the Biophysical Journal website. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=11720973&amp;dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 11720973</ulink>
</para>

<para>
<ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/abstract/84/2/832">A Mathematical Model of the Electrophysiological Alterations in Rat Ventricular Myocytes in Type-I Diabetes, </ulink>, Sandeep V. Pandit, Wayne R. Giles and Semahat S. Demir, 2003 <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/">
            <emphasis>Biophysical Journal</emphasis>
          </ulink>, 84, 832 - 841. <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/full/84/2/832">Full text</ulink> and <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/reprint/84/2/832.pdf">PDF</ulink> versions of the article are available for Journal Members on the Biophysical Journal website. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=12547767&amp;dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 12547767</ulink>
</para>

<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
  <imageobject>
    <objectinfo>
      <title>fluid compartment model of the rat epicardial/endocardial ventricular cell</title>
    </objectinfo>
    <imagedata fileref="pandit_2001b.png"/>
  </imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A fluid compartment model of the rat epicardial/endocardial ventricular cell.</caption>
</informalfigure>

</sect1>
</article>
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                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>j</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>j_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>j</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_j</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="L_type_Ca_channel">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_L"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_Ca_L" initial_value="0.025916"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ca_L" initial_value="65"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="Ca_ss"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="d"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f_11"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="f_12"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="Ca_inact"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_Ca_L</ci>
               <ci>d</ci>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.9</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Ca_inact</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">10</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>f_11</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Ca_inact</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">10</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>f_12</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_Ca_L</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="d" initial_value="0.000002171081"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="d_infinity"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_d"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>d_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">15.3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_d</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">0.00305</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0045</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">7</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">0.00105</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.002</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">18</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="second">0.00025</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>d</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>d_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>d</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_d</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_11_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f_11" initial_value="0.9999529"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="f_11_infinity"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_f_11"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>f_11_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">26.7</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.4</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_f_11</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.9</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="second">0.105</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <power/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <plus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt">45</cn>
                                 </apply>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">12</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <cn cellml:units="second">0.04</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                 </apply>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <cn cellml:units="second">0.015</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">0.0017</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>f_11</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>f_11_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>f_11</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_f_11</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_12_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f_12" initial_value="0.9999529"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="f_12_infinity"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_f_12"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>f_12_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">26.7</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.4</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_f_12</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">0.041</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">47</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">12</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">0.08</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">55</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">0.015</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="second">0.0017</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>f_12</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>f_12_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>f_12</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_f_12</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="L_type_Ca_channel_Ca_inact_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Ca_inact" initial_value="0.9913102"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_Ca_inact" initial_value="0.009"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="Ca_inact_infinity"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ca_inact_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.01</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_inact</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Ca_inact_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_inact</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_Ca_inact</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_t"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_K"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_t" initial_value="0.02975"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_t_endo"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="a" initial_value="0.69"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="b" initial_value="0.31"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
      <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
      <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s_slow"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>g_t_endo</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.4647</cn>
               <ci>g_t</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>E_K</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>R</ci>
                     <ci>T</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>F</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <ln/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>K_o</ci>
                     <ci>K_i</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_t</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_t</ci>
               <ci>r</ci>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>a</ci>
                     <ci>s</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>b</ci>
                     <ci>s_slow</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r" initial_value="0.002191519"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_r"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="r_infinity"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>r_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.6</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.42</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_r</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="second">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">45.16</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.03577</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">98.9</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">38</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>r</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>r_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>r</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_r</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s" initial_value="0.9842542"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_s"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="s_infinity"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>s_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">45.3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.8841</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_s</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">0.35</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">70</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">15</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="second">0.035</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>s</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>s_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>s</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_s</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_slow_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s_slow" initial_value="0.6421196"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_s_slow"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="s_slow_infinity"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>s_slow_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">45.3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.8841</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_s_slow</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">3.7</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <plus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt">70</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">70</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">15</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="second">0.035</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>s_slow</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>s_slow_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>s_slow</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_s_slow</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="steady_state_outward_K_current">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_ss"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_ss" initial_value="0.005929"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r_ss"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s_ss"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_ss</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_ss</ci>
               <ci>r_ss</ci>
               <ci>s_ss</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r_ss" initial_value="0.002907171"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_r_ss"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="r_ss_infinity"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>r_ss_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.5</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.82</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_r_ss</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="second">10</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">45.16</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.03577</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">98.9</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">38</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>r_ss</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>r_ss_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>r_ss</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_r_ss</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="steady_state_outward_K_current_s_ss_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s_ss" initial_value="0.3142767"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_s_ss"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="s_ss_infinity"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>s_ss_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">87.5</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.3</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_s_ss</ci>
            <cn cellml:units="second">2.1</cn>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>s_ss</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>s_ss_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>s_ss</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_s_ss</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="inward_rectifier">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_K1"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_K1" initial_value="0.024"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
      <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_K1</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <cn cellml:units="nanoA">48</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <divide/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <plus/>
                                       <ci>V</ci>
                                       <cn cellml:units="millivolt">37</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <exp/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <divide/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <plus/>
                                       <ci>V</ci>
                                       <cn cellml:units="millivolt">37</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                    <apply>
                                       <minus/>
                                       <cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="nanoA">10</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.001</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>E_K</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">76.77</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">17</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>g_K1</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>V</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>E_K</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.73</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.613</cn>
                                 <ci>F</ci>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                    <apply>
                                       <plus/>
                                       <ci>E_K</ci>
                                       <cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.73</cn>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>R</ci>
                                 <ci>T</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>K_o</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.9988</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.124</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="hyperpolarisation_activated_current">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_f"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_f_Na"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_f_K"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_f" initial_value="0.00145"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="f_Na" initial_value="0.2"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="f_K"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="y"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>f_K</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <ci>f_Na</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_f_Na</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_f</ci>
               <ci>y</ci>
               <ci>f_Na</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_Na</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_f_K</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_f</ci>
               <ci>y</ci>
               <ci>f_K</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_f</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>i_f_Na</ci>
               <ci>i_f_K</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y" initial_value="0.003578708"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_y"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="y_infinity"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>y_infinity</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">138.6</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.48</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_y</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="second">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.11885</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">28.37</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5623</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">14.19</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>y</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>y_infinity</ci>
                  <ci>y</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_y</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="background_currents">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Na"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Ca"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_K"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_B_Na" initial_value="0.000100188"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_B_Ca" initial_value="0.0000162"/>
      <variable units="microS" name="g_B_K" initial_value="0.000138"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ca" initial_value="65"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
      <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
      <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_B_Na</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_B_Na</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_Na</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_B_Ca</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_B_Ca</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_Ca</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_B_K</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>g_B_K</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_B</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>i_B_Na</ci>
               <ci>i_B_Ca</ci>
               <ci>i_B_K</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="sodium_potassium_pump">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaK"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" name="i_NaK_max" initial_value="0.0504"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="K_m_K" initial_value="1.5"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="K_m_Na" initial_value="10"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="sigma"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
      <variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
      <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>sigma</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>Na_o</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="millimolar">67.3</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">7</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_NaK</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>i_NaK_max</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1245</cn>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <divide/>
                                       <apply>
                                          <times/>
                                          <apply>
                                             <minus/>
                                             <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
                                          </apply>
                                          <ci>V</ci>
                                          <ci>F</ci>
                                       </apply>
                                       <apply>
                                          <times/>
                                          <ci>R</ci>
                                          <ci>T</ci>
                                       </apply>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0365</cn>
                                 <ci>sigma</ci>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <divide/>
                                       <apply>
                                          <times/>
                                          <apply>
                                             <minus/>
                                             <ci>V</ci>
                                          </apply>
                                          <ci>F</ci>
                                       </apply>
                                       <apply>
                                          <times/>
                                          <ci>R</ci>
                                          <ci>T</ci>
                                       </apply>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>K_o</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>K_o</ci>
                        <ci>K_m_K</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>K_m_Na</ci>
                        <ci>Na_i</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.5</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_P"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" name="i_Ca_P_max" initial_value="0.004"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_Ca_P</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>i_Ca_P_max</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.0004</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current">
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaCa"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_4" name="K_NaCa" initial_value="0.000009984"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_4" name="d_NaCa" initial_value="0.0001"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma_NaCa" initial_value="0.5"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>i_NaCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>K_NaCa</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>Na_i</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.03743</cn>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <ci>gamma_NaCa</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>Na_o</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.03743</cn>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>gamma_NaCa</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>d_NaCa</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                           <apply>
                              <power/>
                              <ci>Na_o</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                           <apply>
                              <power/>
                              <ci>Na_i</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="SR_Ca_release_channel">
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_rel"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="v1" initial_value="1.8e3"/>
      <variable units="millimolar4_per_second" name="k_a_plus" initial_value="12.15e12"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="k_a_minus" initial_value="576"/>
      <variable units="millimolar3_per_second" name="k_b_plus" initial_value="4.05e9"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="k_b_minus" initial_value="1930"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="k_c_plus" initial_value="100"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="k_c_minus" initial_value="0.8"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="P_O1" initial_value="0.0004327548"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="P_O2" initial_value="0.000000000606254"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="P_C1" initial_value="0.6348229"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="P_C2" initial_value="0.3647471"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="n" initial_value="4"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="m" initial_value="3"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_JSR"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>P_C1</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>k_a_plus</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
                     <ci>n</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>P_C1</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_a_minus</ci>
                  <ci>P_O1</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>P_O1</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>k_a_plus</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
                        <ci>n</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>P_C1</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>k_a_minus</ci>
                        <ci>P_O1</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>k_b_plus</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
                           <ci>m</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>P_O1</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>k_c_plus</ci>
                        <ci>P_O1</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_b_minus</ci>
                  <ci>P_O2</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_c_minus</ci>
                  <ci>P_C2</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>P_O2</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_b_plus</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
                     <ci>m</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>P_O1</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_b_minus</ci>
                  <ci>P_O2</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>P_C2</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_c_plus</ci>
                  <ci>P_O1</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_c_minus</ci>
                  <ci>P_C2</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_rel</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>v1</ci>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>P_O1</ci>
                  <ci>P_O2</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="SERCA2a_pump">
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_up"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="K_fb" initial_value="0.000168"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="K_rb" initial_value="3.29"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="fb"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="rb"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="Vmaxf" initial_value="0.032"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="Vmaxr" initial_value="0.9"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="K_SR" initial_value="0.55"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="N_fb" initial_value="1.2"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="N_rb" initial_value="1"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_NSR"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>fb</ci>
            <apply>
               <power/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                  <ci>K_fb</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>N_fb</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>rb</ci>
            <apply>
               <power/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
                  <ci>K_rb</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>N_rb</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_up</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>K_SR</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>Vmaxf</ci>
                        <ci>fb</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>Vmaxr</ci>
                        <ci>rb</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <ci>fb</ci>
                  <ci>rb</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="intracellular_and_SR_Ca_fluxes">
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_tr"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_xfer"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_trpn"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_tr" initial_value="0.0005747"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_xfer" initial_value="0.0267"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="HTRPNCa" initial_value="1.394301e-1"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="LTRPNCa" initial_value="5.1619e-3"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="J_HTRPNCa"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="J_LTRPNCa"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="HTRPN_tot" initial_value="0.14"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="LTRPN_tot" initial_value="0.07"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="k_htrpn_plus" initial_value="200000"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="k_htrpn_minus" initial_value="0.066"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="k_ltrpn_plus" initial_value="40000"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="k_ltrpn_minus" initial_value="40"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_NSR"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_JSR"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_tr</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_tr</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_xfer</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_xfer</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_HTRPNCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_htrpn_plus</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>HTRPN_tot</ci>
                     <ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_htrpn_minus</ci>
                  <ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
            </apply>
            <ci>J_HTRPNCa</ci>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_LTRPNCa</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_ltrpn_plus</ci>
                  <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>LTRPN_tot</ci>
                     <ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k_ltrpn_minus</ci>
                  <ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
            </apply>
            <ci>J_LTRPNCa</ci>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>J_trpn</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>J_HTRPNCa</ci>
               <ci>J_LTRPNCa</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="intracellular_ion_concentrations">
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_i" initial_value="10.73519"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_i" initial_value="0.00007901351"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_i" initial_value="139.2751"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_ss" initial_value="0.00008737212"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_JSR" initial_value="0.06607948"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_NSR" initial_value="0.06600742"/>
      <variable units="micro_litre" name="V_myo" initial_value="9.36e-6"/>
      <variable units="micro_litre" name="V_JSR" initial_value="0.056e-6"/>
      <variable units="micro_litre" name="V_NSR" initial_value="0.504e-6"/>
      <variable units="micro_litre" name="V_SS" initial_value="1.2e-9"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCMDN" initial_value="0.00238"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCSQN" initial_value="0.8"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="K_mEGTA" initial_value="0.00015"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="CMDN_tot" initial_value="0.05"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="CSQN_tot" initial_value="15"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="EGTA_tot" initial_value="0"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="beta_i"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="beta_SS"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" name="beta_JSR"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Na"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_f_Na"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_f_K"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_K"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_t"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_ss"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_P"/>
      <variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Ca"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_up"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_rel"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_xfer"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_trpn"/>
      <variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_tr"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_i</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>CMDN_tot</ci>
                        <ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
                           <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>EGTA_tot</ci>
                        <ci>K_mEGTA</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>K_mEGTA</ci>
                           <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_SS</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>CMDN_tot</ci>
                        <ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
                           <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_JSR</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>CSQN_tot</ci>
                        <ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
                           <ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_i</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>beta_i</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>J_xfer</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>J_up</ci>
                     <ci>J_trpn</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>i_B_Ca</ci>
                                 <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                    <ci>i_NaCa</ci>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>i_Ca_P</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                           <ci>V_myo</ci>
                           <ci>F</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Na_i</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>i_Na</ci>
                        <ci>i_B_Na</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>i_NaCa</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>i_NaK</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>i_f_Na</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>V_myo</ci>
                  <ci>F</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>K_i</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>i_ss</ci>
                        <ci>i_B_K</ci>
                        <ci>i_t</ci>
                        <ci>i_K1</ci>
                        <ci>i_f_K</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>i_NaK</ci>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>V_myo</ci>
                  <ci>F</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_ss</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>beta_SS</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>J_rel</ci>
                           <ci>V_JSR</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>V_SS</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>J_xfer</ci>
                           <ci>V_myo</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>V_SS</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        <ci>V_SS</ci>
                        <ci>F</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>beta_JSR</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>J_tr</ci>
                  <ci>J_rel</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>J_up</ci>
                     <ci>V_myo</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>V_NSR</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
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                     <ci>J_tr</ci>
                     <ci>V_JSR</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>V_NSR</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
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      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_o" initial_value="140"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_o" initial_value="1.2"/>
      <variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_o" initial_value="5.4"/>
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      <relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
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            <component_ref component="sodium_current_m_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="sodium_current_h_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="sodium_current_j_gate"/>
         </component_ref>
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            <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_11_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_12_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_Ca_inact_gate"/>
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            <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate"/>
            <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_slow_gate"/>
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            <component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_s_ss_gate"/>
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         <component_ref component="inward_rectifier"/>
         <component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current">
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         <component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
         <component_ref component="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current"/>
         <component_ref component="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current"/>
         <component_ref component="SR_Ca_release_channel"/>
         <component_ref component="SERCA2a_pump"/>
         <component_ref component="intracellular_and_SR_Ca_fluxes"/>
         <component_ref component="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
         <component_ref component="standard_ionic_concentrations"/>
      </component_ref>
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   <group>
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         <component_ref component="sodium_current_h_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="sodium_current_j_gate"/>
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         <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_11_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_12_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_Ca_inact_gate"/>
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         <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_slow_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current">
         <component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate"/>
         <component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_s_ss_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
      <component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current">
         <component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate"/>
      </component_ref>
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      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="membrane"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
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      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
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   <connection>
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      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
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   <connection>
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      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
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   <connection>
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      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
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   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="SR_Ca_release_channel"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
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   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="SERCA2a_pump"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="intracellular_and_SR_Ca_fluxes"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
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   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="environment" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
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   <connection>
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      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel" component_1="membrane"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L" variable_1="i_Ca_L"/>
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   <connection>
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      <map_variables variable_2="i_t" variable_1="i_t"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
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      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_ss" variable_1="i_ss"/>
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   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="inward_rectifier" component_1="membrane"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
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      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_f" variable_1="i_f"/>
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      <map_variables variable_2="i_B" variable_1="i_B"/>
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      <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
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      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
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      <map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_P" variable_1="i_Ca_P"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
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      <map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
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      <map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
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      <map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
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      <map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
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      <map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
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      <map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
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   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="background_currents"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_o" variable_1="Ca_o"/>
   </connection>
   <connection>
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      <map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L" variable_1="i_Ca_L"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="Ca_ss" variable_1="Ca_ss"/>
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   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_t" variable_1="i_t"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
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   <connection>
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      <map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
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   <connection>
      <map_components component_2="inward_rectifier" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
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      <map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
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      <map_variables variable_2="i_ss" variable_1="i_ss"/>
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      <map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
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      <map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
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      <map_variables variable_2="i_f_Na" variable_1="i_f_Na"/>
      <map_variables variable_2="i_f_K" variable_1="i_f_K"/>
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      <map_variables variable_2="i_B_Ca" variable_1="i_B_Ca"/>
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    <rdf:value>This model is a mathematical representation of the diabetic phenotype by incorporating changes in the ionic mechanisms that are suggested by experimental data to underlie the altered electrophysiological characteristics in the short-term, type-I model of STZ-induced diabetes. It is based on the Pandit_2001 rat left ventricular epicardial model. The model is able to qualitatively simulate the prolongation of the APD in accordance with experimental results. </rdf:value>
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    <rdf:value>This cell model was developed by Liren Li and represents the electrophysiological alterations in rat ventricular myocytes in type-I diabetes. It reads both in PCenv and COR and is able to produce action potentials under multiple stimuli.</rdf:value>
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    <dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-06-07T00:00:00+00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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    <vCard:Given>Wayne R.</vCard:Given>
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    <vCard:Given>Robert.B</vCard:Given>
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    <vCard:FN>Liren Li</vCard:FN>
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    <dc:title>Biophysical Journal</dc:title>
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    <vCard:Given>Wayne R.</vCard:Given>
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Source
Derived from workspace Pandit, Clark, Giles, Demir, 2001 at changeset 893c872ca63f.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.