Rendering of the source text

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COR (0.9.31.979)
Copyright 2002-2008 Dr Alan Garny
http://COR.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - COR@physiol.ox.ac.uk

CellML 1.0 was used to generate this model
http://www.CellML.org/
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		<article>
			<articleinfo>
				<title>Hyperpolarization-Activated Graded Persistent Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex</title>
				<author>
					<firstname>Geoffrey</firstname>
					<surname>Nunns</surname>
					<affiliation>
						<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland</shortaffil>
					</affiliation>
				</author>
			</articleinfo>
			<section id="sec_status">
				<title>Model Status</title>
				<para>
        This model runs in PCEnv and is based off the NEURON code for this paper. The units are continuous throughout but the model does not recreate the published results. It utilizes DAE solving techniques and advances in these could result in better output.     
          </para>
			</section>
			<sect1 id="sec_structure">
				<title>Model Structure</title>
				<para>
Abstract: We describe a phenomenon of hyperpolarization-activated graded persistent activity (HAGPA) in prefrontal cortex neurons. Successive hyperpolarizing pulses induced increasingly higher rates of tonic firing that remained stable for tens of seconds, allowing the neuron to retain a memory of the previous history of stimulation. This phenomenon occurred at the cellular level and in the absence of neuromodulators. Neurons with HAGPA had a sag during hyperpolarization, and blocking h-current eliminated the sag and prevented HAGPA, suggesting that the activation of this hyperpolarization-activated cationic current was necessary for the occurrence of the phenomenon. A single-neuron biophysical model including h-current modulation by intracellular calcium was able to display HAGPA. This form of neuronal memory not only allows the transformation of inhibition into an increase of firing rate, but also endows neurons with a mechanism to compute the properties of successive inputs into persistent activity, thus solving a difficult computational problem.   
</para>
				<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
				<para>Hyperpolarization-Activated Graded Persistent Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex, Milena Winograd, Alain Destexhe, Maria V. Sanchez-Vives, 2008, <emphasis>Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences of the United States of America</emphasis>, 105, 7298-7303. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=18474856&amp;dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 18474856    </ulink>
				</para>
				
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								<title>model diagram</title>
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					<caption>Schematic diagram of the neuron model.</caption>
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			</sect1>
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                  <ci>n</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="KD_n_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="n" initial_value="0"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V_T"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="alpha_n"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="beta_n"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_n"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="n_inf"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_n</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second_per_millivolt">0.032</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <ci>V_T</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">15</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <lt/>
                     <apply>
                        <abs/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <ci>V_T</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">15</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1e-6</cn>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="per_second_per_millivolt">0.032</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <ci>V_T</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">15</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                    <ci>V_T</ci>
                                 </apply>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">15</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_n</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="per_second_per_millivolt">0.5</cn>
                     <cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <ci>V_T</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <lt/>
                     <apply>
                        <abs/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                    <ci>V_T</ci>
                                 </apply>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1e-6</cn>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second_per_millivolt">0.5</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <ci>V_T</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <minus/>
                                       <ci>V</ci>
                                       <ci>V_T</ci>
                                    </apply>
                                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">40</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_n</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_n</ci>
                  <ci>beta_n</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>n_inf</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <ci>alpha_n</ci>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_n</ci>
                  <ci>beta_n</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>n</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>n_inf</ci>
                  <ci>n</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_n</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="I_KM">
      <variable units="milliampere_per_cm_squared" public_interface="out" name="I_KM"/>
      <variable units="millisiemens_per_cm_squared" name="g_KM" initial_value="0.004"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="p"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_KM</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <cn cellml:units="milliampere_per_millisiemens_per_millivolt">1000</cn>
               <ci>g_KM</ci>
               <ci>p</ci>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>V</ci>
                  <ci>E_K</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="KM_p_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="p" initial_value="0"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="p_inf"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_p"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_max" initial_value="4"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>p_inf</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <plus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt">35</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <and/>
                     <apply>
                        <lt/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">35</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">25</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <gt/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <plus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">35</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">25</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_p</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>tau_max</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3.3</cn>
                           <apply>
                              <exp/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <plus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt">35</cn>
                                 </apply>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <plus/>
                                    <ci>V</ci>
                                    <cn cellml:units="millivolt">35</cn>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <and/>
                     <apply>
                        <lt/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">35</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">25</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <gt/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <plus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">35</cn>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">25</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <cn cellml:units="second">1</cn>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>p</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>p_inf</ci>
                  <ci>p</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_p</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="I_CaL">
      <variable units="milliampere_per_cm_squared" public_interface="out" name="I_CaL"/>
      <variable units="cm_per_second" name="P_Ca" initial_value="2.76e-4"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
      <variable units="coulomb_per_cm_cubed" public_interface="in" name="G"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="q"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>I_CaL</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <cn cellml:units="millicoulomb_per_coulomb">1000</cn>
               <ci>P_Ca</ci>
               <apply>
                  <power/>
                  <ci>q</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
               </apply>
               <ci>G</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="CaL_q_gate">
      <variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="q" initial_value="0.00247262"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="alpha_q"/>
      <variable units="per_second" name="beta_q"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_q"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="q_inf"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>alpha_q</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="per_second">6.32</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="millivolt">13.89</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>beta_q</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <cn cellml:units="per_second">0.02</cn>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">5.36</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.31</cn>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <lt/>
                     <apply>
                        <abs/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.31</cn>
                              <ci>V</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.36</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1e-6</cn>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="per_second_per_millivolt">0.02</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.31</cn>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.31</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.36</cn>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>tau_q</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>alpha_q</ci>
                  <ci>beta_q</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>q_inf</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>q</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>q_inf</ci>
                  <ci>q</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>tau_q</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="G_nonlin">
      <variable units="coulomb_per_cm_cubed" public_interface="out" name="G"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="Z" initial_value="2"/>
      <variable units="mM" name="Ca_o" initial_value="2"/>
      <variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
      <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="F"/>
      <variable units="joule_per_mole_per_kelvin" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="R"/>
      <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="T"/>
      <variable units="milliampere_per_cm_squared" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="I_CaL"/>
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="out" private_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>G</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>Z</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <power/>
                           <ci>F</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="volt_per_millivolt">1e-3</cn>
                        <ci>V</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>R</ci>
                        <ci>T</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="mole_liter_per_millimole_per_cm3">1e-6</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>Ca_o</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>Z</ci>
                                 <ci>F</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="volt_per_millivolt">1e-3</cn>
                                 <ci>V</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>R</ci>
                                 <ci>T</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="volt_per_millivolt">1e-3</cn>
                           <ci>Z</ci>
                           <ci>F</ci>
                           <ci>V</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>R</ci>
                           <ci>T</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="dCa_i_dt">
      <variable units="mM" public_interface="out" name="Ca_i" initial_value="100e-6"/>
      <variable units="mM" name="Ca_inf" initial_value="100e-6"/>
      <variable units="second" name="tau_r" initial_value="17e-3"/>
      <variable units="centimeter" name="d" initial_value="1e-4"/>
      <variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
      <variable units="mM_per_second" name="drive_channel"/>
      <variable units="fixer" name="k" initial_value="0.1"/>
      <variable units="milliampere_per_cm_squared" public_interface="in" name="I_CaL"/>
      <variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
      <variable units="joule_per_mole_per_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
      <variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
      <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>drive_channel</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>k</ci>
                  <ci>I_CaL</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                  <ci>F</ci>
                  <ci>d</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>time</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Ca_i</ci>
            </apply>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>Ca_inf</ci>
                        <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>tau_r</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <leq/>
                     <ci>drive_channel</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="mM_per_second">0</cn>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>drive_channel</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>Ca_inf</ci>
                           <ci>Ca_i</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>tau_r</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
   <component name="I_h">
      <variable units="milliampere_per_cm_squared" public_interface="out" name="I_h"/>
      <variable units="dimensionless" name="m"/>
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        <rdf:li>signal transduction</rdf:li>
      </rdf:Bag>
    </rdf:value>
  </dc:subject>
</bqs:reference>
    <cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#c11dce77-9c78-4bb9-9f8d-3804c483bac7"/>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</model>